Heat shock protein of 72 kDa (HSP70) has a role in the functional modulation of sex steroid hormone receptors and in p53-associated oncogenesis and inhibits apoptosis associated with bcl-2. However, the exact role of HSP70 in the development of endometrial adenocarcinoma has not been well established. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of HSP70 in relation with ER, PR, p53 and bcl-2 expressions and apoptosis in benign and malignant endometrial lesions. Immunohistochemical studies for HSP70, ER, PR, p53, bcl-2 and TUNEL method for apoptosis were performed in 30 cases of adenocarcinoma and 30 cases of benign endometrial lesions consisted of each 10 cases of disordered proliferative endometrium (DP), simple or complex hyperplasia (HP), and atypical hyperplasia (AH). There were no significant differences of HSP70 and bcl-2 expression rates and apoptotic index (AI) between DP, HP, AH, and adenocarcinoma. p53 expression rate in adenocarcinoma was 36.7%, but no p53 expression was identified in DP, HP and AH (p<0.05). In adenocarcinoma, HSP70 expression rate was higher in ER and PR negative adenocarcinoma (p<0.05), and p53 expression rate was higher in nonendometrioid type and FIGO grade II and III (p<0.05), but no significant difference of bcl-2 expression rate according to the histological type and FIGO grade. AI was higher in nonendometrioid type (p<0.05). There was no correlation between HSP70, p53 and bcl-2 expressions, and no significant difference of AI according to HSP70, ER, PR, p53, and bcl-2 expressions. In conclusion, higher HSP70 expression rate in poorly differentiated and ER and PR negative adenocarcinoma suggests that HSP70 inhibits ER and PR expression and may be involved in the development of poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis ; Endometrium ; Female ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Hyperplasia ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling

Menkes disease is an X-linked recessively inherited neurodegenerative disorder of copper metabolism leading to death in early childhood. This disease is characterized by low serum, liver and brain Cu levels, whereas the Cu content in nearly all other organs is increased. The main clinical features are irregular kinky hair, characteristic face, progresssive degeneration of the central nervous system, bone changes, arterial rupture and thrombosis, and instability of temperature. We have experienced a case of Menkes disease in a eight months old male patient, who manifested by seizure, developmental delay, hypotonia, characteristic hair and face along with low levels of serum copper and ceruloplasmin. We report the characteristic findings of cranial MRI and MR angiography in this Menke's patient. In cranial MRI, he showed progressive brain atrophy with subdural hemorrhage and effusion. MR angiography revealed tortuosity of vessels clearly obviating necessity of more invasive conventional arteriography in diagnosis of this disease. This study suggested that cranial MRI and especially MR angiography might be helpful in making early diagnosis of this disease.
Angiography ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Ceruloplasmin ; Copper ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Hair ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome ; Metabolism ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Rupture ; Seizures ; Thrombosis

We report 2 cases of pediatric DNTs which presented with intractable seizures and no other associated neurologic abnormalities. They showed typical appearance of DNTs on neuroimaging and histopathology. Most patients with DNT can be cured by surgical treatment with exellent outcome and do not need ratio- or chemotheraphy. This study indicates that it is quite important to consider DNTs as one of differential diagnoses in patients with intractable seizures especially when they present only with seizures without other neurologic symptoms.
Child* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial* ; Neuroimaging ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Seizures*

No abstract available.
Female ; Fetomaternal Transfusion* ; Pregnancy

Cushing’s syndrome is an endocrinologic disorder that occurs due to an excessive secretion of adrenal cortex-stimulating hormones or an overproduction of cortisol in the adrenal glands. Patients present with a variety of clinical symptoms such as obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, and cardiovascular complications have been known for major contributors to the mortality. The inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) test is a useful diagnostic tool for identifying the source of Cushing’s disease. This procedure involves process of collecting samples through venous access and is generally considered safe. Here, we present 44-year-old patient diagnosed with Cushing’s disease presenting pulmonary thromboembolism and multiple embolic infarctions following IPSS.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors affecting test results of the quiet standing balance evaluation conducted by posturography and to investigate the standardized method by comparing results according to feet width. METHOD: The study cohort consisted of 100 healthy individuals. We assessed the quiet standing balance of subjects by using 3 different methods: standing on a force plate with feet width the same as shoulder width (test 1); with feet width the same as half the shoulder width (test 2); with feet width determined by the subject's comfort (test 3). Subjects underwent each test with their eyes open and closed for 30 seconds each time. Parameters for measuring standing balance included the mean mediolateral and anteroposterior extent, speed, and the velocity moment of center of pressure (COP) movement. RESULTS: All parameters showed better results when the subject's eyes were open rather than closed, and the mean AP extent and speed increased as the age of the subjects increased (p<0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between height and the study parameters, and no differences between men and women. Mean mediolateral extent and speed were significantly longer and faster in test 1 compared with tests 2 and 3 (p<0.01). The results of test 2 were better than the results of test 3, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: COP movements increased with age and when subjects closed their eyes in an evaluation of quiet standing balance conducted by posturography. Gender and height did not affect results of the test. We suggest that an appropriate method for conducting posturography is to have the subject stand on a force plate with their feet width the same as half the shoulder width, because this posture provided relatively accurate balance capacity.
Cohort Studies ; Eye ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Male ; Posture ; Shoulder

BACKGROUND: Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is known to affect cardio-metabolic disease risk. However, the relationship between childhood SES and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains uncertain. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between childhood SES, as measured by maternal education and occupational status and adult-onset MetS in the Korean population. METHODS: We examined the association between childhood SES, as measured by maternal education level and occupational status during an individual's childhood, and MetS in Korean adults aged 20 to 79 years who participated in the 2007-2009 Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey. The components of MetS, including waist circumference, fasting glucose, lipid profiles, and blood pressure, were measured. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for MetS were calculated using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: Significant differences in the association between maternal education level, occupational status, and MetS were found between males and females. In females, the adjusted MetS OR for the highest maternal education quartile relative to the lowest quartile was 0.46 (0.21-0.99). Similarly, in females, the adjusted OR for individuals whose mothers worked when they were children relative to those whose mothers did not work was 1.23 (1.04-1.44). In males, no significant associations between maternal education, maternal occupational status, and MetS were found. CONCLUSION: We found independent, positive associations between maternal education and occupational status and MetS in Korean females. These findings suggest that public health education targeting MetS prevention should be considered, especially among children with less opportunity for maternal support.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Child ; Education* ; Employment ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mothers ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Public Health ; Social Class ; Waist Circumference

PURPOSE: This is a descriptive study conducted in order to survey sleep patterns and factors responsible for sleep disturbance among adolescent cancer patients after hospital admission. METHODS: The study group included 46 adolescent cancer patients aged 10 to 19 who received admission care in multi-bed hospital rooms from March to June 2016. Data on patterns and quality of sleep, and factors causing sleep disturbance were recorded using the Verran and Snyder-Halpern (VSH) Sleep Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a sleep disturbance questionnaire. RESULTS: There was no difference in patterns and quality of sleep prior to and after hospital admission in the study group. However, patients experienced sleep disturbance, as defined by PSQI > 5, both before (5.43) and after (6.30) admission. The most important physical, emotional and environmental factors causing sleep disturbance after admission were nocturnal diuresis, monotony of admission care, and crying of younger patients respectively. CONCLUSION: This study focused on sleep patterns and factors causing sleep disturbance after hospital admission for adolescent cancer patients. Future studies should aim to develop nursing interventions resulting in an environment that improves sleep quality. Additional studies should focus on developing daytime programs to determine the impact of admission care on other quality of life parameters.
Adolescent* ; Crying ; Diuresis ; Humans ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Sleep Wake Disorders

This review tried to set up an initial diagnostic strategy in patients with functional dyspepsia. Dyspepsia was defined as chronic or recurrent pain, or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen (i.e., epigastrium), excluding heartburn and acute abdominal conditions. We reviewed the available data in order to produce currently applicable recommendations for the diagnosis of dyspepsia in Korea. Two investigators independently conducted an independent literature search of published reports on dyspepsia and diagnosis, including alarm symptoms, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) test, empirical pharmacological therapy, and early upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. The evidence concerning alarm features does not allow clear guideline whether early endoscopy should be performed or not. In Asia, including Korea, the prevalence of H. pylori and gastric cancer are high. Therefore, 'H. pylori test and treatment' strategy is not suitable for the initial diagnostic approach for uninvestigated dyspepsia. Long-term empirical pharmacological therapy is not recommended in Korea because of the possibility of missing or delaying the diagnosis of gastric cancer. There have been a lot of evidences showing that early upper GI endoscopy might be more effective than empirical medication, which is different from Western countries. However, cut-off age for early endoscopy is not clear, especially in case of young age. Further research is necessary to define highrisk age for gastric cancer and for a health economic study in the management of patients with dyspepsia in Korea.
Dyspepsia/*diagnosis ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans

This review tried to set up an initial diagnostic strategy in patients with functional dyspepsia. Dyspepsia was defined as chronic or recurrent pain, or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen (i.e., epigastrium), excluding heartburn and acute abdominal conditions. We reviewed the available data in order to produce currently applicable recommendations for the diagnosis of dyspepsia in Korea. Two investigators independently conducted an independent literature search of published reports on dyspepsia and diagnosis, including alarm symptoms, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) test, empirical pharmacological therapy, and early upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. The evidence concerning alarm features does not allow clear guideline whether early endoscopy should be performed or not. In Asia, including Korea, the prevalence of H. pylori and gastric cancer are high. Therefore, 'H. pylori test and treatment' strategy is not suitable for the initial diagnostic approach for uninvestigated dyspepsia. Long-term empirical pharmacological therapy is not recommended in Korea because of the possibility of missing or delaying the diagnosis of gastric cancer. There have been a lot of evidences showing that early upper GI endoscopy might be more effective than empirical medication, which is different from Western countries. However, cut-off age for early endoscopy is not clear, especially in case of young age. Further research is necessary to define highrisk age for gastric cancer and for a health economic study in the management of patients with dyspepsia in Korea.
Dyspepsia/*diagnosis ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans