No abstract available.
Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female

OBJECTIVES: We surveyed this study for knowing the relation within stress, depression and medical comorbidities, and finding the risk factors of major depression. METHODS: 1764 subjects were enrolled from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2009 who visit Korea University Guro hospital healthcare center. The subjects answered the questionnaire of PSS(Perceived Stress Scale), PHQ-9(Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and the demographic data. We categorized them as the stress group, depressive group, medical comorbidity group and analyzed the correlation analyses and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: 198 of 1764 subjects(11.8%) were applied to major depression, and the depressive group showed the higher mean stress score(23.19) and mean depression score(12.95) than the normal group. The total PHQ-9 score was increased by perceiving more stress, having more medical comorbidities. The subjects with female, visiting due to recent health problems, irregular exercise, current smoking, history of angina and cerebrovascular disease showed the increased risk of major depression. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we find the PSS, PHQ-9 were valuable for mental health screening in healthcare center. As perceiving more stress and having more medical comorbidity, risk of major depression were increased. Accordingly the individuals with medical diseases or unhealthy lifestyle would need the mental health screen.
Comorbidity ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Mental Health ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences of EMG activity of the masticatory muscles between normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion during various jaw functions. 46 subjects of 18.4-25.7 years were employed in this study: 26 subjects were normal occlusions, and 20 subjects were Class III malocclusions. The EMG data from the anterior and posterior temporal, anterior and posterior masseter muscles in both sides as mandibular elevators and supra-hyoid muscle group (close to the anterior belly of digastric muscle in right side) as mandibular depressor were recorded with the Medelec MS 25 electromyographic machine. The EMG recordings were analyzed during mandibular rest position, maximal biting, mastication with chewing gum, and swallowing of peanuts. All data were recorded and statistically processed. 1. The maximal mean amplitude of the anterior temporal muscle was stronger significantly in Class III malocclusion than in normal occlusion, and then the posterior temporal was weaker during mandibular rest position. 2. The maximal mean amplitudes in the anterior and posterior temporal muscles and the anterior masseter muscle of Class III malocclusion was weaker significantly than that of normal occlusion during maximal biting. 3. During mastication of the chewing gum, the maximal mean amplitudes of Class III malocclusion was weaker significantly than normal occlusion in the anterior and posterior temporal muscles of the working side, and the duration of Class III malocclusion was longer in the anterior temporal muscles of both sides, and the posterior temporal and the anterior masseter muscle of the balancing side. There were significant increasings of the latency in balancing anterior temporal, working posterior temporal muscles and supra-hyoid muscle group of Class III malocclusion. The silent period durations was 16.36 ms in Class III malocclusion while 10.76 ms in normal occlusion, which was statistically different (P<0.05). 4. At swallowing of peanuts, the maximal mean amplitude of Class malocclusion was weaker significantly in the posterior temporal muscle than that of normal occlusion. There was no significant difference of duration between normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion. 5. The muscle activities of Class III malocclusion had a tendency of decrease less than normal occlusion. And then the muscle activities of the anterior temporal and anterior masseter muscles in Class III malocclusion showed the tendency of the increase more than other muscles of Class III malocclusion.
Arachis ; Chewing Gum ; Deglutition ; Elevators and Escalators ; Jaw ; Malocclusion* ; Masseter Muscle ; Mastication ; Masticatory Muscles* ; Muscles ; Temporal Muscle ; Vertical Dimension

The evaluation of malocclusion has to be done quantitatively and qualitatively. This will be lead toward an analysis of malocclusion severity as well as treatment difficulty. The method of proper evaluation of malocclusion severity and treatment difficulty is necessary to assess treatment effect and efficiency for the orthodontists and to establish fundamentals for planning and executing the health-related policies in private and public institutions. The purposes of this study as the first part of the objective and quantitative analysis of malocclusion were 1) to measure treatment difficulty based on the opinions of several orthodontists, and 2) to investigate the relationships between objective malocclusion severity and subjective treatment difficulty. 100 pairs of dental casts that had various types and severity of malocclusion were selected from the orthodontic departments of Kyunghee University and Samsung Medical Center. The objective malocclusion severity was measured with the PAR (Peer Assessment Rating) index and the subjective treatment difficulty was evaluated by 8 experienced orthodontists. The relationships between objective malocclusion severity and subjective treatment difficulty were statistically evaluated. There were significant relationships between objective malocclusion severity and subjective treatment difficulty, especially in the measurements of the upper anterior alignment, the buccal occlusion, the overjet, the overbite and the midline discrepancy in the malocclusion components. The results of this study can provide the background knowledge to develop a new occlusal index, which contains both the malocclusion severity and treatment difficulty for Korean orthodontists.
Malocclusion* ; Overbite

As one of the variations in growth and development of the craniofacial complex, malocclusion shows lack of concordance in the recognition and severity of malocclusion for dentists as well as the acceptance and need of orthodontic treatment for the patient. The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the relationships between objective malocclusion severity and subjective treatment difficulty, 2) to evaluate the effect of malocclusion components to the subjective perceived difficulty of treatment, 3) to establish the weighted values of malocclusion components to reflect the treatment difficulty. 100 pairs of dental casts with the general characteristics of malocclusion, were selected from the orthodontic departments of Kyunghee University and Samsung Medical Center. The severity of malocclusion was evaluated by the author with the PAR index. The perceived treatment difficulty and the estimated treatment duration on these dental models were evaluated by 8 experienced orthodontists. The relationships between the objective malocclusion severity and the subjective treatment difficulty were statistically evaluated, and the weighted values of malocclusion components to reflect treatment difficulty were statistically formulated. There were significant relationships between objective malocclusion severity and subjective treatment difficulty. The malocclusion components which significantly affected the treatment difficulty and their weighted values in parentheses were as follows; upper anterior alignment (1), overbite (2), buccal occlusion (3), midline (4), and overjet (5). This study provides the fundamental principle to evaluate the objective malocclusion severity which is reflected by the subjective treatment difficulty of Korean orthodontists.
Dental Models ; Dentists ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Overbite

PURPOSE: To describe MR findings and differential points of supratentorial cystic intracranial lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the MR findings of 59 patients with supratentorial cystic intracranial lesions, and classified them as follows: tumor-associated cyst, infectious cyst, ex-vacuo type cyst, and congenital/developmental cyst. RESULTS: Among 59 patients, 47 tumor-associated cysts were seen in 17, 42 infectious cysts in 13, 17 ex-vacuo type cysts in 10, and 19 congenital/developmental cysts in 19. In 44 of 47 tumor-associated cysts, increased or inhomogeneous internal signal intensity was seen on T1-weighted image, 37 of 47 showed thick uneven walls ; 35 of 47 had enhancing solid components and there was variable perifocal edema and mass effect. Infectious cysts were multiple (11 of 13). In cases of brain abscess, increased internal signal intensity on T1-weighted image, low signal intensity of abscess wall on T2-weighted image, thick even enhancing wall, and marked perifocal edema(4 of 4) were seen in all four cases. Cysts in cysticercosis were variable in appearance depending on the stage, but were smaller than other cystic lesions. Ex vacuo type cysts were of uniform CSF signal intensity in all pulse sequences and there was no identifiable wall or enhancement associated with enlarged adjacent ventricle and encephalomalacia(17 of 17). Congenital/developmental cysts showed a single lesion(19 of 19), a signal intensity similar to CSF in all pulse sequences(15 of 19), no identifiable wall(16 of 19), no enhancement(17 of 19), and no perifocal edema(19 of 19). CONCLUSION: MR was used to categorize supratentorial cystic intracranial lesions into four groups on the basis of their number, size, internal homogeneity of signal intensity on T1-weighted image, enhancing pattern, perifocal edema and mass effect, thereby improving diagnostic specificity and patient management.
Abscess ; Brain Abscess ; Cysticercosis ; Edema ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE: to determine the frequency of the multiple consecutive rib fracture after blunt chest trauma. DESIGN, MATERIALS, AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all the radiographs and medical charts of 87 patients with rib fractures after blunt chest trauma. Rib fractures were divided into single aud multiple. The multiple rib fractures were subclassified as consecutive, interrupted continuous, or random. RESULTS: Thirteen cases of single and 83 cases of multiple rib fractures were present. Among the 83 cases of multiple fractures, there were 73 cases (88%) of consecutive fractures, 5 cases (6%) of interrupted continuous fractures and 5 cases (6%) of random fractures. CONCLUSION: Among the multiple rib fractures consecutive rib fractrues are much more common than noncontiguous rib fractures. We recommend that if one find an apparently nonfractured rib between contiguously fractured upper and lower ribs, one should meticulously search for possible fracture of an apparently normal rib with high-index of suspicion.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Rib Fractures* ; Ribs* ; Thorax*

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in the largest number of Korean individuals examined to date. We analyzed cross-sectional data collected from 229,595 Korean adults aged 19 yr and above who participated in a Korean Community Health Survey conducted in 2009. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used as the measurement tool for depressive symptoms (CES-D score over 16) and definite depression (CES-D score over 25). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associations between sociodemographic factors and depressive symptoms. The percentages of depressive symptoms and definite depression in the total study population were 11% (7.8% for men, 14.0% for women) and 3.7%, (2.4% for men, 5.0% for women), respectively. Female gender, older age, disrupted marital status, low education and income level, multigenerational household composition and metropolitan residence were associated with greater risk of depressive symptoms. The present study provides a valid prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms, using the largest representative sample of the Korean general population to date. Various sociodemographic factors contribute to the prevalence and effects of depressive symptoms in Korea.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/*epidemiology ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Marital Status ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Social Class ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Aplastic anemia is an uncommon disease characterized by marrow hypocellularity, resulting in a reduction of the counts of circulating red blood cells, neutrophils, and platelets. The etiology of aplastic anemia remains unknown in the majority of cases. An association of aplastic anemia with pregnancy has been reported but the strength of such a relationship remains somewhat controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of aplastic anemia with pregnancy and the optimal management of patients with aplastic anemia during pregnancy. METHODS: This retrospective study was done by review of medical records of 18 patients with aplastic anemia, of whom 8 patients were diagnosed before pregnancy and 10 patients were diagnosed during pregnancy, who had a total of 25 pregnancies after the diagnosis from January, 1990 to October, 1997 at the Seoul National University Hospital, RESULTS: The incidence of aplastic anemia during pregnancy was one in 806 persons(18/14, 507) in this study. During pregnancy, the circulating blood cell levels decreased in all pregnancies. In all 7 cases that showed a relapse during pregnancy the remission occurred following the termination of pregnancy. 12 patients presenting with severe aplastic anemia during pregnancy had poorer hematological improvement than patients with mild aplastic anemia after termination of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: In all patients with aplastic anemia during pregnancy the circulating blood cell levels decreased. The successful outcome in these cases illustrates the benefit of modern supportive care in the management of such patients. The present observations suggest that a pregnancy which occurs during the long-term remission of aplastic anemia may be allowed to progress to birth.
Anemia* ; Anemia, Aplastic ; Blood Cells ; Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Neutrophils ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul

OBJECTIVE: 5-HTTLPR (5-HT transporter-linked polymorphic region), located in the promoter region of 5-HT transporter gene, was reported to be associated with several neuropsychiatric illnesses. In this study, we investigated the genotype distribution and allele frequency of serotonin transporter gene 5-HTTLPR in schizophrenic patients and normal controls using an independent Korean sample. METHODS: Subjects were 156 schizophrenic patients fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia who had taken antipsychotics for at least 6 months and 96 normal controls who had no past and family history of psychiatric illnesses. Two negative symptoms of PANSS, blunted affect and emotional withdrawal, were rated in all patients by two experienced psychiatrists. We examined the genotype distribution and allele frequency of the serotonin transporter gene 5-HTTLPR in all subjects, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of genomic DNA with primers flanking the promoter regions of the 5-HTT gene. Between-group comparisons of the genotype distribution and allele frequency were performed by using score test for trend, Fisher's exact test, and chi-square test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution and allele frequency between schizophrenic patients and normal controls. There was also no significant difference in 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution and allele frequency between schizophrenic patients with and without the two negative symptoms, blunted affect or emotional withdrawal, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that 5-HTTLPR polymorphism had no significant association with schizophrenia and negative symptoms in a Korean sample.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; DNA ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Psychiatry ; Schizophrenia* ; Serotonin ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins