No abstract available.
Granuloma* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous*

Background: Blood transfusion is frequently performed as a supportive therapy during the diagnosis and chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study examined the frequency of blood transfusion and analyzed the correlation with the treatment response during induction therapy in patients with AML. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, blood transfusion information was collected from 23 patients diagnosed with AML during induction therapy. The frequency and volumes of blood transfusions according to the treatment response were collected and analyzed with the overall survival retrospectively. Results: The blood transfusion was performed in all patients with AML during induction therapy. The transfusion frequency and volumes were a median of five (1∼13) times and nine (2∼27) units for red blood cells, respectively.In the platelets, the median frequency was seven (2∼21) times, and the transfusion volumes were 42 (12∼128) units. At the time of the treatment response evaluation, the transfusion dependence was 0% in morphological complete remission and 20% in the morphological leukemic-free state for both RBC and platelets, and 78% for RBC and 67% for platelets in treatment failure. Although not statistically significant, transfusion independence for more than eight weeks after induction therapy showed a better overall survival (P=0.312). Conclusion When the treatment response was good, the dependence on blood transfusion decreased. The transfusion frequency is expected to help predict the patient's treatment response and prognosis along with the peripheral blood counts.

Background: Blood transfusion is frequently performed as a supportive therapy during the diagnosis and chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study examined the frequency of blood transfusion and analyzed the correlation with the treatment response during induction therapy in patients with AML. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, blood transfusion information was collected from 23 patients diagnosed with AML during induction therapy. The frequency and volumes of blood transfusions according to the treatment response were collected and analyzed with the overall survival retrospectively. Results: The blood transfusion was performed in all patients with AML during induction therapy. The transfusion frequency and volumes were a median of five (1∼13) times and nine (2∼27) units for red blood cells, respectively.In the platelets, the median frequency was seven (2∼21) times, and the transfusion volumes were 42 (12∼128) units. At the time of the treatment response evaluation, the transfusion dependence was 0% in morphological complete remission and 20% in the morphological leukemic-free state for both RBC and platelets, and 78% for RBC and 67% for platelets in treatment failure. Although not statistically significant, transfusion independence for more than eight weeks after induction therapy showed a better overall survival (P=0.312). Conclusion When the treatment response was good, the dependence on blood transfusion decreased. The transfusion frequency is expected to help predict the patient's treatment response and prognosis along with the peripheral blood counts.

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune

BACKGROUND: In platelets transfusion, alloimmunization against the HLA and HPA antigen present in the white blood cells/platelets of the donor blood occurred. In addition, unexpected red blood cell alloantibodies might be produced by the alloimmunization of red blood cells antigens in the transfused platelet component. Therefore, this study examined the incidence of red blood cell alloantibodies after platelet transfusion. METHODS: From January to December 2018, adult patients who requested platelet concentrates or single donor platelets were enrolled. The results of pre/post-transfusion test, including antibody screening test and antibody identification test, were collected the incidence of red blood cell alloantibody formation was then analyzed, retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 685 patients received 11,894 units of platelet concentrates and 1,402 units of single donor platelets. The median patient age was 64 years and the number of blood transfusions was 4.1. The amount of transfusion per session was 7.3 units, and the total transfused platelet concentrates was 30.9 units. New red blood cell alloantibodies were detected in 0.9% of all patients, and the identification results were observed as unidentified non-specific antibody in 66.7% and anti-E antibodies in 33.3%. The incidence of alloantibody was proportional to the frequency and amount of platelet transfusion. CONCLUSION: This paper reported the incidence of red blood cell alloantibody after platelet transfusion for the first time in Korea. Although matched platelet concentrates supply may be not practical in terms of cost-effectiveness, it may be useful to recognize the possibility of red blood cell alloimmunization and expand the understanding of extended matching transfusion.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Transfusion ; Erythrocytes ; Humans ; Incidence ; Isoantibodies ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Platelet Transfusion ; Retrospective Studies ; Tissue Donors

Background: Transfusions in pediatrics need to be performed carefully because of various variables, such as the blood volume and immature immune system. As a result, adverse transfusion reactions may appear differently from adults. This study examined the frequency and types of adverse transfusion reactions in pediatric patients. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2021, this study was conducted on 58 children who requested red blood cells, platelets, and plasma blood components from Chungbuk National University Hospital. The frequency and types of adverse transfusion reactions were analyzed retrospectively by reviewing blood transfusion-related medical records and compared with previous studies. Results: Approximately 0.9% of total blood components were transfused into pediatric patients; 1,179 units of blood components were transfused. The number of transfusions for red blood cells, platelets, and plasma was 383, 712, and 84 units, respectively. Among 58 patients, 23 adverse transfusion reactions were observed in 15 (25.9%) patients. Of these, 18 were febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions, and five were allergic transfusion reactions. Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions occurred in 66.7% of cases with red blood cells, and allergic transfusion reactions occurred with platelets in 60% of cases. Conclusion This paper reported the incidence and types of adverse transfusion reactions in pediatric patients. This is expected to be more frequent in pediatric patients than adults, but most of them were relieved by supportive treatment because the symptoms were mild. As the awareness of hemovigilance is still low, it is essential to recognize and deal with adverse transfusion reactions through continuous education.

PURPOSE: To compare MRI appearance between plicae syndrome and normal plicae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 60 cases of arthroscopically-confirmed plicae syndrome and 18 of arthroscopically-proven normal plicae were retrospectively analyzed. Sagittal T2-weighted MR images in all cases and MPGR(200) in 37 cases of plicae syndrome were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: On the basis of operatingresults, we observed 55 medial plicae, eight combined medial and suprapatellar plicae, four suprapatellar plicae,and one lateral plica. T2-weighted sagittal MR scans of the 60 cases demonstrated 37 medial plicae, 8 suprapatellar and one lateral plica. Joint effusion was found in 26 cases of 55 medial plicae. In T2-weighted sagittal MR scans, the identification of medial plicae was superior in the presence of joint effusion than its absence(plicae syndrome, p < 0.001 ; normal plicae group, p < 0.05). Medial plicae were well demonstrated onMPGR(200) axial images; on T2-weighted sagittal MR scans, they could be more frequently identified in the plicae syndrome group than in the normal control group(p < 0.001). Plicae syndrome-associated pathology included degenerative change of the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle in eight cases(14.5%), discoidmeniscus in nine(16.4%), lateral meniscus tear in 12(21.8%), medial meniscus tear in 21(38.1%), anterior cruciate ligament tear in three(5.5%), medial collateral ligament tear and osteochondritis dissecans in one case. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that synovial plicae were well demonstrated in T2-weighted sagittal images, particularly on the presence of joint effusion. Medial plicae could be more frequently identified in the plicae syndrome group than in the normal control group, especially on T2-weighted sagittal MR scans.
Cartilage, Articular ; Collateral Ligaments ; Humans ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Menisci, Tibial ; Osteochondritis Dissecans ; Pathology

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab compared with bevacizumab for the treatment of macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 80 eyes with macular edema associated with BRVO. Patients received either 0.5 mg of ranibizumab (n = 24) or 1.25 mg of bevacizumab (n = 56) intravitreally. Both groups received three initial monthly injections followed by as-needed injections. The best-corrected visual acuity, central subfield thickness, mean number of injections, and retreatment rate were evaluated monthly for 6 months after the initial injection. RESULTS: The best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved from logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) 0.55 ± 0.26 at baseline to 0.24 ± 0.26 at 6 months in the ranibizumab group (p < 0.001) and from logMAR 0.58 ± 0.21 at baseline to 0.29 ± 0.25 at 6 months in the bevacizumab group (p < 0.001), which is not a statistically significant difference (p = 0.770). The mean reduction in central subfield thickness at 6 months was 236 ± 164 µm in the ranibizumab group (p < 0.001) and 219 ± 161 µm in the bevacizumab group (p < 0.001), which is not also a statistically significant difference (p = 0.698). The mean numbers of ranibizumab and bevacizumab injections were 3.25 ± 0.53 and 3.30 ± 0.53, respectively (p = 0.602). In addition, after the three initial monthly injections, the retreatment rates for ranibizumab and bevacizumab injections were 20.8% and 26.7%, respectively (p = 0.573). CONCLUSIONS: Both ranibizumab and bevacizumab were effective for the treatment of BRVO and produced similar visual and anatomic outcomes. In addition, the mean number of injections and the retreatment rates were not significantly different between the groups.
Bevacizumab* ; Humans ; Macular Edema* ; Ranibizumab* ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retreatment ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity