Objective To analyze the characteristics of bone scintigraphy in 117 cases with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).Methods Of these 117 cases (50 males and 67 females),there were 116 parathyroid adenomas and 1 parathyroid cancer.Mean age was 61.1(12-86) years old.All had ~(99)Tc~m-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy.The bone images could be classified into 4 categories.Category Ⅰ:normal;category Ⅱ:localized abnormal,which could be subcategorized as Ⅱ A with skull and mandible involvement,and Ⅱ B with Ⅱ A characteristics plus metabolic derangement;category Ⅲ:systemic,whole-body incmased tracer uptake;category Ⅳ:systemic plus localized metabolic derangement.Data were analyzed statistically with X~2 and t-test (isolated samples).Results According to the scintigraphic findings,there were 47 cases(40.17%)of category Ⅰ,35 cases(29.91%) category Ⅱ (21/35cases Ⅱ A and 14/35 cases Ⅱ B),30 cases (25.64%) category Ⅲ,and 5 cases (4.27%) category Ⅳ.Combining categories Ⅱ、Ⅲ and Ⅳ together,there were 70 abnormal cases.These patients had history of abnormal bone images such as bone fracture (39 cases,55.71%),calculus (8 cases,11.43%),bone fracture plus calculus(7 cases,10.00%),osteoporosis (51 cases,72.86%) or ostalgia(26 cases,37.14%);however,in the 47 cases of category Ⅰ,only 1 (2.13%),0,0,10(21.28%)and 10 cases (21.28%),respectively,were found.Therefore.these case history characteristics were statistically significant (X~2=11.152,P=0.01).The tumor size,parathyroid hormone (PTH),blood calcium,blood phosphorus in the patients of abnormal PHPT categories Ⅱ to Ⅲ were(14.52±13.72)cm~3,(731.67±618.40)ng/L,(3.05±0.29) mmol/L and (0.71±0.14) mmol/L,respectively.with statistically significant difference compared to category Ⅰ:(0.78±1.33) cm~3,(112.04±62.98)ng/L,(2.56±0.42) mmol/L and (1.03±0.36)mmol/L(t=-5.724,-5.741,-7.274 and -6.451;all P＜0.01).Conclusions (1)Bone scintigraphy was normal in 40% of PHPT patients.(2)The bone images of PHPT could be classified into 4 categories and each could reflect the duration and severity of the disease status on bone.(3)The bone imaging characteristic could be useful for differential diagnostic purposes.

Objective:To investigate the effect of rapamycin on cell growth and migration of gallbladder cancer GBC-SD cells, and to discuss its potential in clinical therapy of gallbladder cancer. Methods: Proliferation of GBC-SD cells treated with different concentrations of rapamycin (12.5, 25, and 50 mmol/L) was examined by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribu-tion and apoptosis of GBC-SD cells treated with different concentrations of rapamycin were determined by flow cytometry. Migration ability of GBC-SD cells was assessed by Transwell assay. The expression of mTOR (mammalian target of rapam-ycin) and its phosphorylation in GBC-SD cells were examined by Western blotting assay. Results: Rapamycin significant-ly inhibited the phosphorylation of roTOR, but had no influence on the expression of roTOR in GBC-SD cells. Rapamycin significantly inhibited the growth of GBC-SD cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Raparnycin induced apoptosis of GBC-SD cells and arrested them at the G_1/S phase. Furthermore, rapamycin also significantly suppressed migration of GBC-SD cells as showed by Transwell assay (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Rapamycin can remarkably inhibit the growth and migration of gallbladder cancer cells, probably by inhibition of p-roTOR pathway, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle ar-rest of gallbladder cancer cells.

In this study, UPLC-MS/MS was adopted to determine the contents of five ephedrine alkaloids (Norephedrine, Norpseudoephedrine, Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Methylephedrine) in plasma and urine in rats after the combined administration of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum and calculate relevant pharmacokinetic parameters, in order to discuss the effect of the combined administration of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum on plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion characteristics. According to the results, after being combined with Gypsum, the five ephedrine alkaloids showed similar pharmacokinetic changes, such as shortened t(max), accelerated absorption rate, but reduced AUC(0-t) and V(z)/F, which may be related to the increase in urine excretion. Besides, Gypsum was added to enhance C(max) of Pseudoephedrine and prolong MRT(0-t) of Methylephedrine, so as to enhance the anti-asthmatic effect of Ephedrae Herba and resist the toxic effect of Norephedrine and Ephedrine. This study proved the scientific compatibility of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum and provided a reference for studies on the prescription compatibility regularity and relevant practices.
Alkaloids ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Animals ; Calcium Sulfate ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Ephedra ; chemistry ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urine ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of remifentanil-induced controlled hypotension (CH) on postoperative cogni-tive dysfunction (POCD) and serum S100β protein in elderly patients underwent spinal surgery,and to investigate their relation-ship. METHODS:Sixty elderly patients undergoing selective laminectomy decompression internal fixation of lumbar or thoracic fractures under general anesthesia were selected prospectively from orthopedics department of our hospital during Jan. 2014-Dec. 2015,and then divided into CH group and non-CH group in accordance with random number table,with 30 cases in each group. Both groups received general anesthesia of injection and inhalation via endotracheal intubation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) of CH group were reduced to 70%-80%of the basic values by adjusting remifentanil infusion rate;those of non-CH group were main-tained at basic level. Surgery duration,anesthesia duration,intraoperative blood loss,the incidence of POCD and serum concentra-tion of S100β protein were observed in 2 groups. The relationship of serum concentration of S100β protein with POCD was ana-lyzed,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:The intraoperative blood loss of CH group was significantly less than that of non-CH group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of POCD be-tween 2 groups on the 1st and 7th day after surgery(P>0.05). The incidence of POCD and serum concentration of S100β protein in CH group were significantly higher than in non-CH group on the 2nd and 3rd day after surgery,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The serum concentration of S100β protein may be related to the incidence of POCD (r=0.992 7,P=0.001 3). CONCLU-SIONS:Remifentanil CH used in elderly patients underwent spinal surgery can reduce intraoperative blood loss,but increase the se-rum concentration of S100βprotein and the incidence of POCD at early stage.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of amlodipine (A)/hydrochlorothiazide(H) versus val‐sartan(V)/hydrochlorothiazide(H) in treatment of essential hypertension .Methods Literature was retrieved online in Cochrane Li‐brary ,PubMed ,OVID ,MEDLINE ,EMBASE ,CBM ,CNKI ,VIP and Wan fang database up to November 2013 .Relevant magazines were retrieved manually .Quality of the included studies was assessed and Meta‐analysis was performed with RevMan 5 .2 software . Results Seven randomized controlled trials(RCTs) were finally included .Meta‐analyses showed that :in terms of lowering ABP ,V/H group was more effective than A/H group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05);there was no significant differ‐ence in the decreased value of clinic BP and the control rate of blood pressure between A /H group and V/H group(P>0 .05) .Ad‐verse events occurred less frequently with V/H group compared with A/H group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion A/H treatment of essential hypertension is inferior to V/H ,and has more adverse events .

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a member of cyclin-dependent kinase family, which does not directly regulate cell cycle. Through phosphorylation of target protein, CDK5 plays an irreplaceable role in the development, reparation and degeneration of neurons. Brain injury refers to the organic injury of brain tissue caused by external force hit on the head. Owing to the stress and repair system activated by our body itself after injury, various proteins and enzymes of the brain tissues are changed quantitatively, which can be used as indicators for estimating the time of injury. This review summarizes the progress on the distribution, the activity mechanism and the physiological effects of CDK5 after brain injury and its corresponding potential served as a marker for brain injury determination.
Brain/physiopathology* ; Brain Injuries/physiopathology* ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5/metabolism* ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism* ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology* ; Phosphorylation/drug effects* ; Time Factors

Objective To explore the risk factors related to the formation of myocardial fatty infiltration and possible pathological consequences.Methods The macroscopic and microscopic findings in 117 autopsy cases with myocardial fatty infiltration were examined during October,2001 to June,2009.Results There was a significant positive correlation between the macroscopic grading of subepicardial adipose tissue and the microscopic myocardial fatty infiltrative degree(r_s=0.57,P ＜0.01)but there was no correlations between the myocardial fatty infiltrative degree and age as well as coronary arteriosclerosis (all P ＞0.05).The percent of myocardial atrophy was 39.32% (46/117),and the rate of myocardial atrophy in mild myocardial fatty infiltration group (13/63,20.63%) was significantly lower than that in moderate myocardial fatty infiltration group(22/39,34.92%;χ~2= 12.14,P ＜0.01) and in severe myocardial fatty infiltration group(11/15,73.33%;χ~2 = 13.42 ,P ＜0.01).There were 28 sudden cardiac deaths among the 117 eases including 6 deaths due to myocardial fatty infiltration.Conclusions Myocardial fatty infiltration is often associated with myocardial atrophy,even with sudden cardiac death but is not an accompanying pathologic changes of aging and coronary arteriosclerosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the pathologic findings seen in lethal cases due to accidental electrocution.

METHODSThe macroscopic and microscopic findings in 16 autopsy cases died of electrocution encountered during the period from January, 2001 to July, 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSTypical electric marks were found on gross examination in 5 of the 16 cases studied. Histologically, 11 of the 16 cases showed evidence of electric burn. The morphologic features of atypical electric marks varied. Simple epidermal exfoliation and color changes were relatively common. Pathologic changes in internal viscera included disarray of myocardial fibers. Rupture of myocardial fibers was readily identified than in non-electrocution death. Sometimes, focal interstitial hemorrhage and polarization of endothelial cells were seen.

CONCLUSIONSThe electric marks on the skin, as confirmed by histologic examination, remain important sequelae of electrocution. The pathologic changes seen in myocardium provide additional clues to the diagnosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Autopsy ; Burns, Electric ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electric Injuries ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; pathology ; Young Adult

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Humans ; Interferon Type I ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Interferon-alpha ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; Recombinant Proteins ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Safety ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility of close and three-dimensional reconstruction of maxillary defects combination with pedicled buccal fat pad graft, temporalis myofascial flap and titanium mesh.

METHODSAmong 11 patients with maxillary tumors, 9 were malignant and 2 were benign. 8 cases underwent subtotal maxillectomy and 3 cases underwent total maxillectomy. Maxillary defects were closely reconstructed combination with pedicled buccal fat pad graft (BFP), temporalis myofascial flap (TMF) and titanium mesh to restore the profile of maxilla.

RESULTSAll flaps were alive with satisfactory function and aesthetic appearance. The uncovered BFP and the facial muscle surface of TMF epithelialized within 4-6 weeks. Their degree of mouth opening ranged from 2.5 to 4.0 cm and without nasal foods return. All patients had a good voice quality.

CONCLUSIONMaking use of BFP, TMF and titanium mesh can restore the good contour and function of maxillary. It is an effective method of reconstruction of maxillary defects, and is easy to manipulate. It is worthy to popularization.

Adipose Tissue ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Maxillary Neoplasms ; Middle Aged ; Prostheses and Implants ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps ; Titanium