PUPPOSE: This study was conducted to develop nursing outcome indicators based on nursing activities done for stroke patients. METHOD: focus group meeting and delphi technique, which consisted of clinical nurse experts, neurologist, and nursing professors. CVI(Index of Content Validity) and user validity test was performed. RESULT: 12 nursing diagnoses, 29 nursing interventions and nursing outcomes were identified. The former were from NIC and the latter were developed according to nursing interventions. They were verified by experts in focus group. 199 nursing activities were identified, 133 nursing outcome indicators were developed. In user validity, usefulness and usability were tested. CONCLUSION: This systemic approach of measuring nursing outcomes verified nurses' positive effects in changing patients health status and nursing contributions in the health care system as a profession.
Delivery of Health Care ; Delphi Technique ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing* ; Stroke*

Takayasu's arteritis(arteritis syndrome) is an inflammatory disease process affecting primarily the aorta and its main branches. It's etiology and pathogenesis are unknown. Controversy exists in treatment. Segmental stenoses, occlusions, and aneurysmal degeneration of the aorta and the proximal arterial tree are frequent findings. Clinical presentations may include cerebrovascular ischemia, limb ischemia, aortic valvular insufficiency, heart failure, renovascular hypertension, or renal failure. Recently, we experienced a case of Takayasu's arteritis in a 24 years old female with severe dizziness, claudication in right upper extremity. Patient was treated by angioplasty of left vertebral artery and concomitant left subclavian-to-right axillary artery bypass surgery followed by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stent therapy of right vertebral artery to prevent cerebrovascular ischemia during the operation. Postoperative result was excellent and dizziness and claudication of right arm were completely relieved.
Aneurysm ; Angioplasty ; Aorta ; Arm ; Axillary Artery ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dizziness ; Extremities ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Ischemia ; Renal Insufficiency ; Stents ; Takayasu Arteritis* ; Upper Extremity ; Vertebral Artery* ; Young Adult

Body surface potential map, an electric potential distribution on the body torso surface, enables us to infer the electrical activities of the heart. Therefore, observing electric potential projected to the torso surface can be highly useful for diagnosing heart diseases such as coronary occlusion. The BSPM for the heart of a patient show a higher level of sensitivity than 12-lead ECG. Relevant research has been mostly based on clinical statistics obtained from patients, and, therefore, a simulation for a variety of pathological phenomena of the heart is required. In this study, by using computer simulation, a body surface potential map was implemented according to various occlusion locations (distal, mid, proximal occlusion) in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Electrophysiological characteristics of the body surface during the ST segment period were observed and analyzed based on an ST isointegral map. We developed an integrated system that takes into account the cellular to organ levels, and performed simulation regarding the electrophysiological phenomena of the heart that occur during the first 5 minutes (stage 1) and 10 minutes (stage 2) after commencement of coronary occlusion. Subsequently, we calculated the bipolar angle and amplitude of the ST isointegral map, and observed the correlation between the relevant characteristics and the location of coronary occlusion. In the result, in the ventricle model during the stage 1, a wider area of ischemia led to counterclockwise rotation of the bipolar angle; and, during the stage 2, the amplitude increased when the ischemia area exceeded a certain size.
Cardiac Electrophysiology* ; Computer Simulation* ; Coronary Occlusion ; Coronary Vessels* ; Electrocardiography ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Electrophysiology ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Torso

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge of successful aging for the Korean elderly and to identify the effects of an intervention program on the change of the knowledge. METHOD: Data were collected from 134 elders from 3 schools for the elderly in H City. The Successful Aging Scale was used to collect data and modified CDSMP was applied as the intervention. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA were used. RESULTS: The total score of the knowledge of successful aging among the elderly cohort was 2.44 out of 3, and the scores of the factors making up old age were 2.66 for the success of children, 2.63 for self-control, 2.56 for self-efficacy, and 2.05 for happy marriage. Life satisfaction from the success of children and self-control were strongly correlated(r=0.7036, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: The self-management program brought positive changes to the knowledge of successful aging through the self-control parameter, and although it could not change the degree of knowledge of the overall successful aging among the elderly cohort, the program represents the first Korean nursing intervention focused on self-management techniques needed for successful aging.
Aged ; Aging* ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Marriage ; Nursing ; Self Care*

The prevalence of Heart failure (HF) is expected to increase worldwide with the aging population trend. The numerous symptoms of and repeated hospitalizations for HF negatively affect the patient's quality of life and increase the patient's economic burden. Up to 50% of patients with HF suffer from urinary incontinence (UI) and an overactive bladder (OAB). However, there are limited data about the relationship between UI, OAB, and HF. The association between HF and urinary symptoms may be directly attributable to worsening HF pathophysiology. A comprehensive literature review was conducted for all publications between January 2000 and November 2017 using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. HF represents a major and growing public health problem, with an increased risk of UI and an OAB as comorbidities. Possible effects of HF on urinary problems may be mediated by the prescription of medications for symptomatic relief. Although diuretics are typically used to relieve congestion, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers improve survival, these classes of drugs have been suggested to worsen urinary symptoms in the presence of HF. Further research is required to understand the impact of UI and an OAB on the HF illness trajectory.
Aging ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Comorbidity ; Diuretics ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Heart Failure* ; Heart* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Prescriptions ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive* ; Urinary Incontinence

Open discectomy is one of usual treatment for herniated intervertebral disc. We may expect the reduction of height of intervertebral disc due to decreased volume by partial resection of herniated disc. But the effect of decreased height of intervertebral disc space to posterior joint and spinal canal has not been identified, and the correlation between the amount of reduced height and the changes of range of motion has been undetermined. Thus, we analyzed radiologic changes of disc height and segmental motion by the flexion-extension view in 20 patients who had undergone discetomy for prolapsed intervertebral disc from June 1989 to January 1991 who could be followed up for 3 years or more. As a result, lumbar discetomy associates with 1) significant decrement of disc height (average 14%), 2) decreased disc motion of involved segment without hypermobility (average 34%), 3) hypermobility of adjacent segment, 4) and posterior facet overriding consistent with recurred low back pain.
Diskectomy ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Joints ; Low Back Pain ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spinal Canal

Objective: This review aimed to investigate the effects of combined treatment with thermotherapy and electrical stimulation simultaneously in musculoskeletal pain disorders. Method: A systematic review was performed using electronic databases including PubMed and Embase. Following search terms were used: (simultaneous OR synchronous OR combined) AND (thermotherapy OR “thermal therapy” OR heat OR “hot pack” OR ultrasound OR microwave OR shortwave OR cold OR cryotherapy) AND (“electrical stimulation” OR electrotherapy OR TENS OR “interferential current”). Studies on the simultaneous application of thermotherapy and electrical stimulation, comparing with single physical modalities or massage were included. Results: After title and abstract exclusion, four articles were selected, according to the eligibility criteria. Combined treatment did not reveal a differential effect on pain reduction when compared to a single physical modality. However, combined treatment showed superior effects on functional aspects such as range of motion (ROM) and timed up-and-go score. Conclusion This review suggests that combined treatment with thermotherapy and electrical stimulation simultaneously seems to have a superior effect on ROM, balance, and gait ability, but not pain reduction, in musculoskeletal pain disorders. However, the number of included studies in this review was small and study designs were heterogeneous. Therefore, further research is needed to confirm these findings.

This study examined effect of preceptorship on clinical education of senior nursing students of Y. University in Seoul. Quasi-experimental study design was used. Sixty students of pre-test and 80 of post-test participated in this study. Competency scores of the students before the clinical education(pre-competency scores) were compared with the competency scores after the clinical education(post-competency scores), and teacher evaluation scores between preceptors and clinical the data from students with preceptors(experimental group, N=22) and with clinical instructors(comparative group, N=58) were also examined. Study results indicated that the total post-competency scores were higher compared to the total pre-competency scores, and the difference was statistically significant. Among 7 sub-domains, differences were all statistically significant in 6 sub-domains except "self-esteem" domain. Competency scores of the students who had clinical education with had clinical education from clinical instructors. But the difference between those scores was not statistically significant. However, students gave higher evaluation scores to preceptors than clinical instructors. This study concluded that preceptorship did not influence much on clinical education at this time yet. However it is expected that when preceptors adjust their new roles and function them in expert education. This study recommended that for the preceptors to increase their motivation to teach students and to accept their roles, systemic rewards are needed.
Education* ; Humans ; Motivation ; Nursing* ; Preceptorship* ; Reward ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: This study examined Korean clinical nurses' intentions to care for SARS patients and identify determinants of the intentions. Theory of planned behavior was the framework to explain the intentions of Korean nurses for SARS patients care. METHODS: A convenient sample of six hundreds and seventy nine clinical nurses from four university-affiliated hospitals located in Seoul and in Kyung-gi province was used. Self-administered (83-items) questionnaire was used to collect data. Intentions, attitude, subjective norm, perceive behavioral control, behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs were the study variables. All items were measured using 7-point Likert scale (-3 to +3). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation method, and stepwise multiple regression methods. RESULTS: Intentions and attitudes toward SARS patient care among Korean clinical nurses were moderate, but their subjective norm and perceive behavioral control of SARS patients care were negative. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that attitude toward SARS patient care, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm were the determinants of the intentions for SARS patients care as theory proposed. Among the behavioral beliefs, "SARS-patient caring would be a new experience", "during SARS-patient caring, I should be apart from my family", "after completing SARS-patient caring, I would be proud of myself being able to cope with a stressful event" and "with my SARS-patient caring, patients could recover from SARS" were the significant determinants. Among the normative beliefs, colleague approval, spouse approval, and physician approval were significant determinants of the intentions. Among the control beliefs, "SARS-patient caring would be a challenge" "SARS-patient caring is a professional responsibility", "tension during the care of SARS patients" and "support from team members" were the significant determinants of the intentions. CONCLUSIONS: Korean clinical nurses in this study were not willing to care for SARS patients and showed negative attitude toward the care. They believed their friends and family were not approved their care for SARS patients. Nurses were in conflicts between professional responsibilities to care for SARS patients and personal safety. This study was the first to understand stress and burden of Korean clinical nurses who are in front line to care for newly developed communicable disease such as SARS. Under the circumstance where several fatal communicable diseases are predictable, conflicts between professional responsibility and their personal risks should be taken into considerations by nurses themselves and by nursing administrators in order to improve quality of care.
Adult ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Female ; Humans ; *Intention ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; Psychological Theory ; Regression Analysis ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*nursing

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop and test validity and reliability of on instrument for predicting nursing intention for SARS patient care. METHOD: The psychometric properties of a SARS patient care attrition prediction tool, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, were examined in this study. The Three-phase design involved a) salient beliefs generated from clinical nurses (n=43) b) content validation by expert panel evaluations(n=5) c) face validation by plot testing (n=10) d) and instrument validation in a cross sectional survey (n=299). Psychometric analysis of survey data provided empirical evidence of the construct validity and reliability of the instrument. RESULT: Principal component analysis verified the hypothesized 6-factor solution, explaining 68.2% of variance, and Alpha coefficients of .7538 to .9389 indicated a high internal consistency of the instrument. CONCLUSION: The instrument can be used by nurse administrators and researcher to assess clinical nurses' salient beliefs about caring for SARS patients, guide tailored intervention strategies to effective caring, and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*nursing ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Questionnaires ; Nursing Methodology Research ; Nursing Care ; Nurses/*psychology ; Humans ; Female ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Adult