1.A Seroepidemiologic Study on Rubella Antibody Positivity: Primary School Students in Gyenggi-Do.
Bo Youl CHOI ; Hung Bae PARK ; Young Jeon SHIN ; Bae Joong YOON ; Jong Surk HAHN
Korean Journal of Epidemiology 1995;17(2):156-166
PURPOSE: The purpose of this seroepidmiologic study was to examine the immunization and infection history of rubella, positivity of rubella specific antibody, seroconversion rate of two rubella vaccines and to develop an adequate immunization program of rubella. Research Methods : Subjects of the study were 2.071 students of 8 priamary schools in Gyenggi-Do. Questionnaire and blood sampling were done. Test method of Rubella specific antibody was ELISA (Abbott IMx autoanalyzer). The anayltic methods for the study were chi-square-test, t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: The results of the study were as follows : (1)The number of subjects who had infection history of rubella were only 28 students(1.5%). (2)The immunization rate of rubella was the highest in 6 year-old group(65%), it decrease as subjects grow older. (3)The positivity of rubella antibody was 76. 6%, it is the highest in 6 year old group and the lowest in 7 year-old group and it increase again as subjects grow older. (4)Average antibody titer was 53.3 IU(SD 79.2), the trend of antibody titer by age was similar to that of positivity. (5)The seroconversion rates of both vaccines, vaccine A,vaccine B, were 99.5% and 99.6%, the ratio of increase of antibody titer after immunization was higer than 400. it means that both vaccines are very efficacious. CONCLUSION: Results of the study suggest that it is necessary to increase the coverage of rubella immunization, and further studies are necessary to get more information for rubella.
Child
;
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
;
Humans
;
Immunization
;
Immunization Programs
;
Rubella*
;
Seroepidemiologic Studies*
;
Vaccines
;
Surveys and Questionnaires
2.Cost-Benefit Analysis on Rubella Vaccination Policy.
Young Jeon SHIN ; Bo Youl CHOI ; Hung Bae PARK ; Ok Ryun MOON ; Bae Joong YOON
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 1994;27(2):337-365
Rubella is a viral disease with mild constitutional symptoms and generalized rashes ln childhood, it is an inconsequential illness, but when it occurs during early pregnant period, there are significant risks of heart defects, cataract, mental retardation to the fetus. The series of congenital defects induced by rubella is called 'congenital rubella syndrome'. Many research have been performed to find out more effective prevention program on rubella. The objectives of this study are, first, to calculate the incidence rate of acute rubella infection and congenital rubella syndrome in korea, second, to evaluate economic efficiency of several rubella vaccination policies and to offer data for the most reasonable decision on vaccination policy. Study populations are 663,312 children of one year-old in 1992. The author has performed cost-benefit analyses according to the three vaccination policies-U.S.A.'s. U.K's and Sweden's. In this study, the author got the incidence rate of acute rubella infection using the catalytic model. In the meantime, the author used 50 per 100,000 live births as the incidence rate of congenital rubella syndrome. The discount rate used in this study was 5 percent per annum. The sensitivity analyses were done with different discount rates (4%, 7%) and different incidence rate of congenital rubella syndrome (10,100 per 100,000 live births): The study results are as follows: 1. Without vaccination, lifetime expenditures per patient for acute rubella infection amount to 14,822 won and the total expenditures to about 3.1 billion won. Meanwhile, lifetime expenditures per patient for congenital rubella syndrome amount to about 91 million won and the total expenditures to about 16.3 billion won without vaccination. 2. The cost of vaccination for a child of one year old was 2,322 won and the total cost for the one year old children was about 1.5 billion won(American style). The cost for vaccination of female children at fifteen was about 339 million won (British style). And the cost of vaccination at one for both sex and female children at fifteen was about 1.9billion won (Swedish style). 3. The benefit to cost ratios of vaccination or female children at fifteen that is the british mode of rubella vaccination, was 60.0 at the level of 80 % population coverage and 48.6 at 100% coverage. It shows much higher benefit to cost ratio than those of the other two vaccination policies. 4. Both net benefits of vaccination at one (American style) and that of vaccinations at one and fifteen (Swedish style) range from about 17.0 billion to 17.8 billion won, those were larger than that of vaccinations of female children at fifteen(British style, about 16.0 billion). 5. In marginal cost-benefit analysis of only additional program or revaccination, the benefit to cost ratios were 3.6(80% coverage rate) or 0.6 (100% coverage rate). It implies that additional program was less efficient or inefficient 6. In sensitively analysis with different discount rates (4% or 7%) and different incidence rates of congenital rubella syndrome (l0 or 100 per 100,000 live births), the benefit to cost ratios has fluctuated in wide range. However, all the ratios of vaccination of female children at fifteen were higher than those of the others. Even under the most conservative assumption, the benefit to cost ratios of all the rubella vaccination policies were higher than 3.3. In conclusion all the rubella vaccination policies found to be cost-effective and particularly the vaccination of female children at fifteen was strongly recommended.
Cataract
;
Child
;
Congenital Abnormalities
;
Cost-Benefit Analysis*
;
Exanthema
;
Female
;
Fetus
;
Health Expenditures
;
Heart
;
Humans
;
Immunization, Secondary
;
Incidence
;
Intellectual Disability
;
Korea
;
Live Birth
;
Rubella Syndrome, Congenital
;
Rubella*
;
Vaccination*
;
Virus Diseases
3.Analysis of Prognostic Factors Determining the Recurrences in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer After Surgical Treatment.
Jae Seok JEON ; Won Bae KIM ; Hyun Kyung CHUNG ; Bo Youn CHO ; Hong Kyu LEE ; Chang Soon KOH ; Do Joon PARK ; Sun Wook KIM
Journal of Korean Society of Endocrinology 1997;12(3):421-432
BACKGROUND: It is important to recognize the independent prognostic factors of papillary carcinoma of thyroid in therapeutic and follow up planning. However, its good prognosis and its low prevalence make it difficult to analyze prognostic factors determining patients survival in a relatively short period of time. We retrospectively investigated the independent prognostic factors for determining disease recurrence after surgery which, in adults, are known to be closely related to the prognosis of cancer. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 456 patients (male 70, female 381, unknown 5, mean age of 43.9+-12.9 years) who had visited the thyroid clinic in Seoul National University Hospital and analyzed the data with statistical software program. RESULTS: 1) At initial visit, chief complaint of the patients was abnormal neck mass in 90 percent. 2) In preoperative thyroid scan study, 82% showed cold area and 16% showed diffuse enlargement. 3) Of the 50 recurrent cases after surgery (11.5% of the total cases), 39 cases (78%) had recurred disease in neck area and 11 cases (22%) had recurrences at distant sites. (Lung 9 cases, Brain I case, Mediastinum 1case) 4) Statistically significant risk factors for recurrence after surgery were male sex, size of tumor (above 4.5cm in this study), extrathyroidal invasion of cancer, involvement of resection margin and no remnant ablation of thyroid tissue using radioiodine. CONCLUSION: Through retrospective study, we presented some clinical characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer in Korea and independent risk factors of cancer recurrences after surgery.
Adult
;
Brain
;
Carcinoma, Papillary
;
Female
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Male
;
Mediastinum
;
Neck
;
Prevalence
;
Prognosis
;
Recurrence*
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Risk Factors
;
Seoul
;
Thyroid Gland*
;
Thyroid Neoplasms*
4.Delphinidin Inhibits LPS-Induced MUC8 and MUC5B Expression Through Toll-like Receptor 4-Mediated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.
Chang Hoon BAE ; Bo Sung JEON ; Yoon Seok CHOI ; Si Youn SONG ; Yong Dae KIM
Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 2014;7(3):198-204
OBJECTIVES: Delphinidin is one of the anthocyanidins. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory property including antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and anti-cancer properties. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of delphinidin in mucin-producing human airway epithelial cells has not been determined. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect and the brief signaling pathway of delphinidin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MUC8 and MUC5B expression in human airway epithelial cells. METHODS: In mucin-producing human NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells and primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay were used for investigating the expressions of MUC8, MUC5, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), after LPS treatment and delphinidin treatment. And the signaling pathway of delphinidin on LPS-induced MUC8 and MUC5B expression was investigated using the RT-PCR, and immunoblot analysis. To confirm the involvement of TLR4 in LPS-induced MUC8 and MU5B expression, the cells were transfected with TLR4 siRNA. RESULTS: In NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells, LPS (100 ng/mL) significantly induced TLR4, MUC8, and MUC5B expression. TLR4 siRNA significantly blocked LPS-induced MUC8 and MUC5B mRNA expression. LPS (100 ng/mL) significantly activated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal related kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Delphinidin (50 and 100 microM) inhibited LPS-induced TLR4, MUC8, and MUC5B expression and LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. In the primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, delphinidin (50 and 100 microM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced TLR4, MUC8, and MUC5B gene expression. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that delphinidin attenuates LPS-induced MUC8 and MUC5B expression through the TLR4-mediated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human airway epithelial cells. These findings indicated that delphinidin may be a therapeutic agent for control of inflammatory airway diseases.
Anthocyanins
;
Epithelial Cells*
;
Gene Expression
;
Humans
;
Immunoenzyme Techniques
;
Lipopolysaccharides
;
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases*
;
Phosphorylation
;
Phosphotransferases
;
Protein Kinases
;
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
RNA, Messenger
;
RNA, Small Interfering
;
Toll-Like Receptor 4
;
Toll-Like Receptors*
5.Medication Adherence and its Predictors in Community Elderly Patients with Hypertension.
Sang Geun BAE ; Hye Ji JEON ; Hyeon Su YANG ; Bo Kyoung KIM ; Ki Soo PARK
Korean Journal of Health Promotion 2015;15(3):121-128
BACKGROUND: Medication adherence is important for hypertension management but still stay low level. It is reasonable method to classify medication nonadherence into intentional nonadherence and unintentional nonadherence and manage it according to this categories. This study aimed to explore medication adherence and its predictors in community patients with hypertension, especially dividing into intentional nonadherence and unintentional nonadherence. METHODS: Study subjects included 1,988 patients who were prescribed hypertension drugs among 2012 community health survey subjects of 10 cities in Gyeongsangnamdo and we analyzed medication adherence with hypertension and its predictors. We conducted chi-square test for nominal variable and ANOVA test for continuous variable and use multinominal regression to analyze independent predictors of intentional nonadherence and unintentional nonadherence in contrast to medication adherence. RESULTS: Of the 1,988 patients, 49.7% were adherent, 26.1% were unintentionally nonadherent and 24.2% intentionally nonadherent. Independent predictors of unintentional nonadherence were depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR]=1.696, P=0.047) and arthritis (OR=1.319, P=0.030) and independent predictors of intentional nonadherence were cardiocerebrovascular disease (OR=1.464, P=0.044), self-efficacy (OR=0.984, P=0.007), beliefs about medications questionnaire (necessity [OR=0.834, P<0.001] and concern [OR=1.236, P<0.001]). CONCLUSIONS: In order to manage hypertension in community, improvement in medication adherence is needed. Depressive symptom and self-efficacy need to be managed, but especially patients'beliefs about their medication need to be considered to improve intentional nonadherence.
Aged*
;
Arthritis
;
Depression
;
Gyeongsangnam-do
;
Health Surveys
;
Humans
;
Hypertension*
;
Intention
;
Medication Adherence*
6.A Case of Thyroid Anaplastic Cancer with Intestinal Metastasis
Seong Yeon KIM ; Kyung Soo PARK ; Bo Youn CHO ; Hong Kyu LEE ; Chang Soon KOH ; Jae Seok JEON ; Min Seon KIM ; Won Bae KIM
Journal of Korean Society of Endocrinology 1994;9(4):375-379
Thyroid anaplastic cancer is one of the most malignant neoplasms encountered in human. These tumors usually present as rapidly enlarging neck mass in old patients who may or may not have had a previously recognized goiter. The distant metastases of anaplastic cancer eventually occur in about 50% patients, mostly in the lung and bone and are an important prognostic factor, substantially reducing survival time.A 66-year old man visited out hospital because of rapidly growing anterior neck mass and hoarseness. He was diagnosed as thyroid anaplastic cancer with lymph node and lung metastasis and received combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy. On the 8th hospital day, severe abdominal pain developed and exploratory laparotomy was conducted. During operation, two intestinal mass were discovered, one of which was perforated. The microscopic examinations showed that undifferentiated malignant cells were infiltrated in the wall of small bowel. We report this case because we first experienced thyroid anaplastic cancer with intestinal metastasis.
Abdominal Pain
;
Drug Therapy
;
Goiter
;
Hoarseness
;
Humans
;
Intestines
;
Laparotomy
;
Lung
;
Lymph Nodes
;
Neck
;
Neoplasm Metastasis
;
Thyroid Gland
7.Heart Transplantation in Patients with Superior Vena Cava to Pulmonary Artery Anastomosis: A Single-Institution Experience.
Bo Bae JEON ; Chun Soo PARK ; Tae Jin YUN
The Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2018;51(3):167-171
BACKGROUND: Heart transplantation (HTx) can be a life-saving procedure for patients in whom single ventricle palliation or one-and-a-half (1½) ventricle repair has failed. However, the presence of a previous bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (BCS) necessitates extensive pulmonary artery angioplasty, which may lead to worse outcomes. We sought to assess the post-HTx outcomes in patients with a previous BCS, and to assess the technical feasibility of leaving the BCS in place during HTx. METHODS: From 1992 to 2017, 11 HTx were performed in patients failing from Fontan (n=7), BCS (n=3), or 1½ ventricle (n=1) physiology at Asan Medical Center. The median age at HTx was 12.0 years (range, 3–24 years). Three patients (27.3%) underwent HTx without taking down the previous BCS. RESULTS: No early mortality was observed. One patient died of acute rejection 3.5 years after HTx. The overall survival rate was 91% at 2 years. In the 3 patients without BCS take-down, the median anastomosis time was 65 minutes (range, 54–68 minutes), which was shorter than in the patients with BCS take-down (93 minutes; range, 62–128 minutes), while the postoperative central venous pressure (CVP) was comparable to the preoperative CVP. CONCLUSION: Transplantation can be successfully performed in patients with end-stage congenital heart disease after single ventricle palliation or 1½ ventricle repair. Leaving the BCS in place during HTx may simplify the operative procedure without causing significant adverse outcomes.
Angioplasty
;
Central Venous Pressure
;
Chungcheongnam-do
;
Fontan Procedure
;
Heart Defects, Congenital
;
Heart Transplantation*
;
Heart*
;
Humans
;
Mortality
;
Physiology
;
Pulmonary Artery*
;
Surgical Procedures, Operative
;
Survival Rate
;
Vena Cava, Superior*
8.A Survey of the Prevalence of the Physically Disabled in the Rural Community.
Hyun Bae KIM ; Si Bog PARK ; Sang Gun LEE ; Kang Mok LEE ; Young Jeon SHIN ; Bo Youl CHOI
Journal of the Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine 1998;22(1):84-92
The purpose of this study were to obtain the prevalence of the physically disabled order as a basic data for the planning of Community-Based Rehabilitation in a rural community and to evaluate the seventy of the physically disabled by according to the physical disability grade. The total residents in the community were surveyed to in May 1996. The prevalence of the physically disabled was 6.92% of the total population. The male: female ratio was 1:0.7. The most freguent age for the on set of physical disability was sixties and this group represented 35.5% of all physical disabilities. The majority of the physically disabled was graded an 10 th, 11 th, 12 th grade. The prevalence of the physically disabled in this study was higher than that a the previous study due to the inclurion of more mild disability groups were important in the prevalence of the physically disabled.
Disabled Persons*
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Prevalence*
;
Rehabilitation
;
Rural Population*
9.Correlation of Parameters of Superior Vena Caval Flow with Transtricuspid Flow Pattern.
Doo Soo JEON ; Man Young LEE ; Gil Hwan LEE ; Ho Joong YOUN ; Hui Kyung JEON ; Hee Yeol KIM ; Ki Bae SEUNG ; Jun Chul PARK ; Jang Seong CHAE ; Jae Hyung KIM ; Soon Jo HONG ; Gyu Bo CHOI
Korean Circulation Journal 2000;30(2):141-146
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary venous flow velocity pattern (PVFVP) is widely used to assess LV diastolic function. It is known that the parameters of PVFVP have a significant correlation with the ratio of peak early diastolic filling velocity (E) to peak filling velocity at atrial contraciton (A) measured in the transmitral flow. However, the correlations between parameters of superior vena caval flow (SVCF) and transtricuspid E/A ratio have not been reported. Therefore the present investigation was performed to elucidate these correlations. METHODS: Fifty patients (26 men, mean age 63.1+/-11.1 years), who did not have significant tricuspid valvular disease and restrictive filling pattern on tricuspid and superior vena caval doppler, were included in this study. SVCF was recorded with the transducer positioned at subxiphoid area and the sample volume placed 2 cm within the superior vena cava. Blood flow across the tricuspid valve was obtained from standard four chamber view or modified parasternal four chamber view with the sample volume placed on leaflet tips. Recording was made during midexpiratory apnea. The following doppler parameters were measured: transtricuspid E and A velocity, E/A ratio: systolic (S) and diastolic (D) peak velocities and time velocity integrals (TVI), S/D velocity ratio, S/D TVI ratio, atrial reversal peak velocity (ArV) and TVI (ArTVI) in SVCF. RESULTS: 1) In SVCF, S velocity (63.7+/-11.8 cm/s vs 73.4+/-13.6 cm/sec, p<0.05), S TVI (17.4+/-3.6 cm vs 21.1+/-6.2 cm, p<0.05), ArV (30.0+/-6.9 cm/s vs 37.2+/-7.3 cm/s, p<0.005), and ArTVI (2.7+/-0.8 cm vs 3.3+/-0.8 cm, p<0.01) were significantly decreased in group E/A>1. And D TVI (7.1+/-3.0 cm vs 5.2+/-3.1 cm, p<0.05) and D/S TVI ratio (0.41+/-0.13 vs 0.26+/-0.14, p<0.05) were significantly increased in group E/A>1. 2) As E/A ratio increased, diastolic TVI (r=0.315, p<0.05) and D/S TVI ratio (r=0.448, p<0.001) increased, and ArTVI (r=-0.376, p<0.01) and ArV (r=-0.416, p<0.01) decreased. 3) As E peak velocity increased, SVCF D peak velocity increased (r=0.305, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tricusupid E/A ratio has positive correlations with D TVI and D/S TVI ratio, and negative correlations with ArTVI and ArV. But there were no correlations in S velocity, D velocity, and S/D velocity ratio as the relation of mitral E/A ratio with PVFVP.
Apnea
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Transducers
;
Tricuspid Valve
;
Vena Cava, Superior
10.Correlation between Coronary Risk Factors and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease.
Ki Bae SEUNG ; Doo Soo JEON ; Dong Hun KANG ; Hui Kyung JEON ; Yong Ju KIM ; Eung Hun IM ; Man Young LEE ; Jang Sung CHAE ; Jae Hyung KIM ; Soon Jo HONG ; Kyu Bo CHOI
Korean Circulation Journal 1995;25(6):1099-1107
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease(CAD) has been related to a number of factors, including diabetes, smoking,hypertension, blood lipids, and family history of CAD. However, a few studies have examined the correlation between these factors and severity of CAD. In the present study, we aimed to define the correlation between risk factors and the severity of CAD. METHODS: The study population was 309 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography in Kang Nam St. Marys hospital between Mar. 1992 and Aug. 1994. We analyzed risk factors of CA ; age, total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol cholesterol(LDL-C), the ratio of TC to HDL-C, Lp(a), uric acid, fibrinogen, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and family history of CAD. All films were reviewed without specific knowledge of blood laboratory results. Significant occlusive disease was defined as >50% diameter obstruction of a major coronary vessel. Extent of disease was defined as the number of major coronalry arteries with significant occlusive disease. RESULTS: 1) Statistically significant risk factors between one vessel disease group and multivessel disease group are age, TC, LDL-C, and diabetes in total patients and age, LDL, and diabetes in male patients. But there is no significant difference in female patients. 2) In patients with multivessel disease, age, HDL-C level are significantly lowere, and TG level and the percentage of smkoing are significantly higher, in male than female. 3) There is increase in four major risk factors(diabetes, hypertension,smoking,hypercholesterolemia) with the increased number of diseasesd coronary arteries; normal coronary group has 1.07 risk factors, one vessel disease group 1.30, two vessel disease group 1.49, and three vessel disease group 1.78. 4) In total and male patients, three independent variables are significantly associated with severity of CAD. These variables are age, smoking, and diabetes. In female patients, diabetes in only significant independent risk factor. CONCLUSION: The significant independent risk factors associated with severity of CAD are age, diabetes, and smoking in total and male patients. Whereas in female patients, diabetes is only significant independent risk factor.
Arteries
;
Cholesterol, LDL
;
Coronary Angiography
;
Coronary Artery Disease*
;
Coronary Vessels*
;
Female
;
Fibrinogen
;
Humans
;
Hypertension
;
Lipoproteins
;
Male
;
Risk Factors*
;
Smoke
;
Smoking
;
Triglycerides
;
Uric Acid