No abstract available.
Headache* ; Humans ; Physicians, Primary Care* ; Primary Health Care*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Neurologic Examination* ; Physicians, Primary Care* ; Primary Health Care*

Pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) is a relatively common congenital heart disease,and there are 2 treatment methods of surgical operation and intervention.Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) was applied successfully in children with PS for the first time by Kan.For more than 30 years,with the update of intervention equipment,improvement of operation method and accumulation of clinical experience,the application of PBPV continuously has made new progress.Most of the previous reports of the PBPV were for the immediate and short-term efficacy,while long-term follow-up data and some special types of PS review research were less.Now,combined with PBPV clinical data and long-term follow-up study in recent years,an overview of the application progress of PBPV including indications,methods,curative effect and follow-up,prevention and cure of complications and some special type of PS are provided.

Useful pharmacodynamic changes occur when some Chinese medicine are used together with some Western medicine, namely enhanced curative effect, lowered adverse reactions, reduced dosages, shortened treatment courses, enlarged indications scope, improved compliance of treatment and rational medication, which could be explored to provide scientific bases for further improving diagnosis and treatment levels and rational use of drugs.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; Humans ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; metabolism ; Pharmacokinetics ; Phytotherapy

Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors for survival in patients with renal pel-vic and ureteral carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 220 patients with renal pelvic and/or ure-teral carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. One hundred and forty-six cases were males and 74 ca-ses were females. Age ranged from 38 to 84 years. One hundred and three cases were renal pelvic car-cinoma, 84 cases were carcinoma of ureter, 13 cases were renal pelvic carcinoma with carcinoma of u-reter, 5 cases were renal pelvic carcinoma with bladder cancer, 11 cases were carcinoma of ureter withbladder carcinoma, and 4 cases were renal pelvic carcinoma with carcinoma of ureter and bladder carci-noma. For TNM stage, there were 2 cases in T., 116 cases in T1, 48 cases in T2,37 cases in Ta and 17 cases in T,. For WHO grade, there were 5 cases with grade Ⅰ tumor, 87 cases with grade Ⅱ tumor and 128 cases with grade Ⅲ. Multivariate analyses were done using logistic analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model with Kaplan-Meier method, Log-rank test and Gehan test, re-spectively. Results The 5-year survival rates of Ta--T1,T2,T3,T4cases were 80.5%(95/118), 70.8%(34/48), 45.9%(17/37) and 17.6%(3/17), respectively. Survival rates were significantly different in patients with tumor stage Ta-T1,T2and patients with tumor stage T3-T4 (u=9.429, P=0.002). There was no significant difference between survival o{ ureterorenoscopic surgery group and other operation group(x2=0.217,P=0.641). The factors affected survival were age (RR= 1.639,P=0.027), time of initial symptoms to operation (RR=1.279, P=0.019) and clinical stage of the tumor (RR=1.373,P=0.011). Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the recurrence of bladder carcinoma ineluded multi-site growth(RR=11.292,P=0.003)and coexisting bladder careinoma (RR=8.780,P=0.001). Conclusions Age, time of initial symptoms to opera-tion and the stage of the tumor are the important predictors affecting the prognosis of the renal pelvic and ureteral carcinoma. Multi-site growth and coexisting bladder carcinoma are important risk factors having impact on the recurrence of bladder carcinoma.

In order to investigate the effects of mouse CTLA4Ig gene-modified dendritic cells (DCs) on the survival of the corneal allografts in rats, the plasmid PG\CTLA4Ig was transfected into DCs of F344 rats mediated by Lipofectamine 2000. The expression of CTLA4Ig was detected by immunofluorescent microscopy. The effects of donor DCs on the proliferation of T cells in Lewis rats (recipients) were tested by by CCK8. Corneal transplantation was performed from F344 rats to Lewis rats. The DCs modified with CTLA4Ig gene were injected into the Lewis rats on the day 0 and 3 after transplantation. The movement of the DCs after modification in vivo was observed by immunofluorescent microscopy, and the survival of corneal allografts was evaluated by Holland criterion. The results showed that the CTLA4Ig-modified DCs could restrain the proliferation of allogenetic T cells. The CTLA4Ig-modified DCs prolonged survival of corneal allografts. (P < 0.01). It was suggested that the injection of CTLA4Ig gene-modified DCs could obviously inhabit the allograft rejection and prolong the survival of corneal allografts.

Galectin-9 is a novel eosinophil chemoattractant,which belong to Galectin family.Galectin-9exhibits a variety of biological functions,such as cell differentiation,maturation,adhesion and aggregation,cell chemotaxis,activity,and cell death.Galectin-9 may play important roles in the development of acute inflammation as well as chronic inflammation associated with allergies,autoimmune diseases,infectious processes.This review summarizes the advances in Galectin-9 study.

We conducted complete competition market experiment in the classroom,meanwhile simulated market transactions,and at the end of the experiment taught the experiment theory and economics theory.After the class we carried out a survey to investigate the necessity of teaching methods and the help of theoretical understanding.It was found that the experimental results of the classroom experiment were quite robust compared with the theoretical predictions of the fully competitive market,and the market operating efficiency was also higher.Students affirmed the necessity of experiment teaching and thought that experiment was helpful to understanding the learning theory.

Advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for all NSCLC 45% . In recent years,chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy has become a new standard for NSCLC. On NSCLC radiothera-py and chemotherapy(CRCT),radiation total dose,fractionation method,different chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy have many details in the efficiency and toxicity tolerance,which are still in the exploration.

Radiotherapy is the main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma .The intensity modulated ra-diation therapy is one of the most ideal radiotherapy technology for nasopharyngeal carcinoma .Local recurrence and distant metastasis are still the main reasons responded to the radiation fails .Therefore,chemoradiotherapy has become the most recommended treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC) ,and the synchronous chemoradio-therapy is a widely accepted joint model .Neoadjuvant chemotherapy shows significant advantages comparing to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in reducing the adverse reactions ,while it is uncertain whether the follow -up ma-intenance chemotherapy can improve total survival .The understanding of targeted drugs in chemoradiotherapy is still in early stage,but the result is worth looking forward to .In addition,novel treatments and concepts ,including immune therapy and biological chemotherapy ,are attracting more and more attention .