Type 2 Diabetes is the consequence of the disturbances of both α- and β-cell secretions.Glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ),which regulates the function of alpha and beta cells,has led to the emergence of a new class of oral anti-diabetic drugs.DPP-4 inhibitors,which increase the concentration of GLP-1 and consequently improve HbAlC,have become a choice for patients in different stages of diabetes.

Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis C ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid,geniposide,gentiopicro-side,baicalin,berberine hydrochloride and chrysophanol in Longze xiongdan capsule. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The separation was performed on Dikma Platisil ODS column with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid so-lution(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength were set at 254 nm for geniposide,gentiopicro-side,baicalin,berberine hydrochloride and chrysophanol and 327 nm for chlorogenic acid. The column temperature was 30 ℃. RE-SUITS:Linear ranges of chlorogenic acid,geniposide,gentiopicroside,baicalin,berberine hydrochloride and chrysophanol were 0.0082-0.164 μg (r=0.9998),0.027-0.540 μg(r=0.9997),0.02525-0.505 μg(r=0.9998),0.046-0.920 μg(r=0.9997), 0.059-1.180 μg(r=0.9995),0.00805-0.161 μg(r=0.9994),respectively;the limits of quantitation were 0.61,0.59,0.87,0.51, 0.92,0.65 ng,and the limits of detection were 1.67,1.73,1.96,1.82,2.31,1.87 ng. RSDs of precision,stability and reproduc-ibility tests were lower than 2.0%;recoveries were 95.34%-98.27%(RSD=1.2%,n=9),98.18%-101.92%(RSD=1.4%,n=9), 97.36% -101.09%(RSD=1.0% ,n=9),95.24% -98.93%(RSD=1.3% ,n=9), 95.76% -99.34%(RSD=1.5% ,n=9), 95.00%-98.75%(RSD=1.4%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,reproducible and suitable for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid,geniposide,gentiopicroside,baicalin,berberine hydrochloride,chrysophanol in Longze xiongdan capsule.

Objective To investigate the expression changes of connexin 43 (Cx43) gene and the functional changes of the gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) among cultured unstable detrusor cells and their roles in the development of detrusor instability (DI). Methods Forty healthy female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: DI group and normal control group. RT-PCR and Western blot techniques were employed to detect the expression of Cx 43 mRNA and protein in the cultured detrusor cells. Scrape loading dye transfer (SLDT) technique was used to monitor the GJIC among cultured detrusor cells. Results The expression of Cx43 mRNA and protein in DI group was much higher than that in normal control group (P

Objective To examine the relationships among measures of gait recovery and community integra-tion index in people with brain injury.Methods 142 brain injured patients were chosen in this study.Community Balance and Mobility Scale,Dynamic Gait Index,Ten-Meter Walk Test for gait speed,and the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) was measured.Results Average walk speed was 0.31-5.30 (1.36 ±0.88)m/s;DGI score was 5-24 (18.6 ±5.44) points;CMBS score was 0 -96 (54.1 ±25.3) points;CIQ subscale 6 -29 (16.2 ± 5.1)points,CIQ family subscale was 0-10 (4.8 ±3.0)points;CIQ society subscale was 4-12(8.2 ±2.1)points;CIQ productivity subscale was 0-7(3.8 ±2.2).The correlation between age and Ten-Meter Walk Test was nega-tive significantly (r=-0.50,P<0.05).All 3 balance/gait measures correlated significantly with the CIQ Productiv-ity subscale (r=0.35-0.58,P<0.05).Conclusion The ability of people with brain injury to engage in work/school/volunteer activity may be reduced by impairments in balance and mobility.

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics,pathology,treatment and prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 469 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) admitted between January 2010 and August 2016.Results There were 231 males and 238 females,the median age was 57 years old.The tumor was located in the esophagus in 6 cases (1.3％),in the stomach in 295 cases (62.9％),in the duodenum in 23 cases (4.9％),in the small intestine in 69 cases(14.7％),in the colorectum in 26 cases (5.5％).There were altogether 50 cases (10.6％) in this group with a final diagnosis of extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Tumor invasion depth,risk of ulcer caused bleeding and NIH classification varied with its locations (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors can be used to preliminarily predict its malignant degree.Surgical resection is the treatment of choice,and postoperative recurrence or metastases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors can be treated by imatinib.

Diabetes is common in men and women aged 50 years and older often complicated with peripheral arterial disease(PAD) arousing more serious attention by vascular surgeon and interventional radiologist. The present review of this article put the main focus on curative effect and limitation of intravascular treatment for patients with diabetic PAD, including proper medical imagings for suitable follow-up and formation of regular managing program for accessing limb function and whole body condition. Furthermore the dosage and proceduce of medical thrombolysis in dealing diabetic PVD, together with the possibility of mechanical thrombolysis approach should expecially emphasized. For further objective acknowledgement of interventional therapy for diabetic PVD; the selection of interventional procedune, the management of single or mutliple lesions and post procedural treatment ought to be considered thoroughly before hard.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of 4'-methylether-scutellarein(4-MS),an extract from Verbena officinalis,on human choriocarcinoma JAR cell line and the possible mechanism.Methods:JAR cells were exposed to 4'-methylether-scutellarein of different concentrations for 48 h.MTT assay was used to examine the anti-proliferative effect of 4'-methylether-scutellarein.Flow cytometry was used to investigate the apoptosis and the changes of cell cycle.AO/EB double staining was applied to discriminate the apoptotic cells from dead ones.The changes of Survivin,p38-MAPK and Caspase 3 mRNA expressions were detected by RT-PCR in JAR cells treated with 4-MS.Furthermore,Western blotting assay was used to determine Survivin protein expression,phosphorylation level of p38 and Caspase 3 in JAR cells before and after 4-MS treatment.Results:4-MS inhibited the proliferation of JAR cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner(P

Objective To observe the effect of liraglutide on arteriosclerotic lesions in diabetic ApoE- / - mice via regulating receptor for advanced glycation end-products ( RAGE) expression of aorta. Methods Thirty male ApoE- / - mice (10 weeks) were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, diabetes group, and diabetes +liraglutide group. All the mice were fed a high-fat diet. Diabetes was induced by 2 intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ). Mice were treated with subcutaneous injection of liraglutide (0. 4 mg· kg-1 ·d-1 ) in diabetes+liraglutide group. After 9 weeks, blood was drawn and the aorta were rapidly procured. The serum levels of advanced glycation end-products ( AGEs), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE ), stromal cell-derived factor-1α ( SDF-1α ), as well as total cholesterol and triacylglycerol were measured. Atherosclerotic plaque area was determined by Sudan Ⅳ staining. The expression of RAGE was determined using RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Results Compared with control group, the serum AGEs, the RAGE protein and mRNA expression, the atherosclerotic lesions were significantly increased in the mice of diabetes group. Compared with diabetes group, the serum AGEs, the RAGE protein and mRNA expression, the atherosclerotic lesions were significantly decreased in the mice of diabetes+liraglutide group. Conclusion Liraglutide is confirmed as to have an anti-atherosclerotic effects and inhibits RAGE expression in diabetic ApoE- / - mice.

OBJECTIVE:To establish HPLC method for the content determination of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in Prunella vulgris with ?-CD as additive agent of mobile phase.METHODS:The sample was Prunella vulgaris.The separation was performed on a Tigerkin ODS3(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-10 mmol?L-1 ?-CD 1% ammonium acetate(86:14) at flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The column temperature was set at 40 ℃ and UV detection wavelength was 210 nm.RESULTS:The linear range of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were 0.5～5.0 ?g(r=0.999 2) and 1.0～10.0 ?g(r=0.999 8) respectively.High,medium and low average recovery of oleanolic acid were 97.3%(RSD=1.04%),98.0%(RSD=0.87%),101.6%(RSD=1.65%),respectively.Those of ursolic acid were 97.8%(RSD=1.17%),98.7%(RSD=0.93%),100.4%(RSD=1.72%),respectively.CONCLUSION:The new method is simple,accurate and reproducible for the quality control of P.vulgaris and simultaneous determination of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid.