OBJECTIVETo study the change of the blood coagulation function of guinea pigs exposed to 16 Hz/120 dB, 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound and to explore the mechanism of circulation system damage.

METHODSSeventy-two guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups: the control group, the group exposed to 16 Hz/120 dB infrasound for 1.5 h a day and the group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 1.5 h a day. Each exposure group was divided into 4 sub-groups (8 guinea pigs a sub-group) which were exposed to infrasound for 1, 7, 14 and 21 d, respectively. The coagulation function and serum nitric oxide (NO) were measured for control group and all sub-groups after exposure to infrasound.

RESULTSThe prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) and serum NO of group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound were (31.16 ± 3.05) s, 2.53 ± 1.21 and (88.304 ± 52.601) µmol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those [(21.36 ± 0.10) s, 1.65 ± 0.07 and (30.943 ± 26.864) µmol/L] of control group (P < 0.05). PT and INR of sub-groups exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 14 and 21 d were significantly higher than those of control group. NO of sub-groups exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 1 week and 2 weeks were significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05), but NO of sub-group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 3 weeks decreased slightly.

CONCLUSIONThe blood coagulation function of guinea pigs exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound decreased, PT and INR may be used as the indexes to assess of blood coagulation function change induced by the infrasound exposure.

Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Blood Physiological Phenomena ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Prothrombin Time

OBJECTIVEBasis on the dynamic changes of the ventilation and arterial blood gas parameters to symptom-limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), we further investigate the effect of alkalized blood by drinking 5% NaHCO3 on ventilation during exercise.

METHODSAfter drinking 5% NaHCO3 75 ml (3.75 g) every 5 min, total dosage of 0.3 g/Kg, 5 volunteers repeated CPET. All CPET and ABG data changes were analyzed and calculated. At the same time, CPET and ABG parameters after alkalized blood were compared with those before alkalized blood (control) used paired t test.

RESULTSAfter alkalized blood, CPET response patterns of parameters of ventilation, gas exchange and arterial blood gas were very similar (P > 0.05). All minute ventilation, tidal volume, respiratory rate, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination were gradually increased from resting stage (P < 0.05-0.001), according to the increase of power loading. During CPET after alkalized blood, ABG parameters were compared with those of control: hemoglobin concentrations were lower, CaCO2 and pHa were increased at all stages (P < 0.05). The PaCO2 increased trend was clear, however only significantly at warm-up from 42 to 45 mmHg (P < 0.05). Compared with those of control, only the minute ventilation was decreased from 13 to 11 L/min at resting (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEven with higher mean CaCO2, PaCO2 and pHa, lower Hba and [H+]a, the CPET response patterns of ventilatory parameters after alkalized blood were similar.

Blood Gas Analysis ; Carbon Dioxide ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption ; Respiration ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena ; Tidal Volume

This study was conducted to assess time-sensitive magnetic resonance (MR) changes in canine blood using low-field MR. Arterial and venous blood samples were collected from eight healthy beagle dogs. Samples were placed in 5-mL tubes and imaged within 3 hours of collection at 1 day intervals from day 1 to day 30. The following sequences were used: T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), short tau inversion recovery (STIR), and T2-star gradient-echo (T2*-GRE). Visual comparison of the images revealed that four relatively homogenous blood clots and twelve heterogeneous blood clots developed. The margination of the clot and plasma changed significantly on day 2 and day 13. On day 2, heterogeneous blood clots were differentiated into 2 to 3 signal layers in the T2W, T1W, and especially the STIR images. Hypointense signal layers were also detected in the blood clots in STIR images, which have T2 hypo, FLAIR hypo, and T1 hyper intense signals. In all images, these signal layers remained relatively unchanged until day 13. Overall, the results suggest that hematomas are complex on low-field MRI. Accordingly, it may not be feasible to accurately characterize hemorrhages and predict clot age based on low-field MRI.
Animals ; Blood/*diagnostic imaging ; Blood Coagulation ; Blood Physiological Phenomena ; Dogs ; Female ; Hematoma/diagnostic imaging ; Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging ; Time

PURPOSE: There is no data about the effect of anti-embolism stockings on intrasession hemodynamics in end stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis (HD). We investigated whether it affects the hemodynamic changes during HD or not. METHODS: We performed 2 HD sessions, before (stocking negative, SN) and after (stocking positive, SP) putting on thigh-high anti-embolism stockings in 11 ESRD patients on HD. In each session, cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), central blood volume (CBV), and peripheral resistance (PR) were measured by ultrasound velocity dilution method at 1 and 3 hours of HD. Ultrafiltration (UF) amount was matched during study. Hemodynamic variables were compared between SN and SP. RESULTS: Mean ages were 51+/-14 years, female was 8, diabetes mellitus was 4, and duration of HD was 56.9+/-28.9 months. There were no differences in pre- and post-HD SBP and DBP, UF amount at 1 hr and 3 hr of HD, and total UF amount between SN and SP. At 1 hr of HD, CBV was greater in SP than in SN (0.85+/-0.32 L vs. 0.93+/-0.32 L, p=0.003). CO (5.56+/-1.22 L/min vs. 5.14+/-1.35 L/min, p=0.075) and SV (73.77+/-19.11 mL vs. 68.95+/-22.21 mL, p=0.05) tended to be increased in SP than in SN. However, there were no differences in TPR between 2 groups. At 3 hr of HD, there were no differences in all hemodynamic variables bewteen SP and SN. CONCLUSION: At early phase of HD, anti-embolism stockings seem to increase CBV, but this effect seems to be attenuated at later phase.
Blood Volume ; Cardiac Output ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Dialysis ; Stockings, Compression ; Stroke Volume ; Ultrafiltration ; Vascular Resistance

Four trials of external quality assessment in diagnostic hematology were performed in 2004 with about 440 participating laboratories in Korea. We performed quality assessment for white blood cell count, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, platelet count, white cell differential count, red blood cell morphology and coagulation test. The response rate was more than 96%. The coefficients of variation in hemoglobin and RBC number was stable but variable in platelet number and WBC number according to measuring cell counts. Blood coagulation study was performed twice. Test results show wide variation according to measuring machine and reagents.
Blood Coagulation ; Cell Count ; Equidae* ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes ; Hematology* ; Indicators and Reagents ; Korea* ; Leukocyte Count ; Platelet Count

OBJECTIVEUnder the guidance of the holistic integrative physiology medicine, we reanalyzed the data during symptom-limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in order to investigate control and regulatory mechanism of breathing.

METHODSThis study investigated 5 normal volunteers who accepted artery catheter, performed CPET room air. Continuous measured pulmonary ventilation parameters and per minute arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis sample parameters during exercise. All CPET and ABG data changes were standard analyzed and calculated.

RESULTSWith gradually increasing power, minute oxygen uptake(every breath oxygen uptake x respiratory rate = O2 paulse x heart rate) and minute ventilation (tidal volume x respiratory rate) showed nearly linear progressive increase during the CPET(compared with the rest stage, P < 0.05 - 0.001); Minute ventilation increased even more significant after the anaerobic threshold (AT) and respiratory compensation point. PaO2 was increased at recovery 2 minutes (P < 0.05); PaCO2 was decreased after anaerobic threshold 2 minutes (P < 0.05); [H+]a was increased from AT (P < 0.05), and rapidly raised at last 2 minutes, remained high at recovery. Lactate was increased rapidly from AT (compared with resting, P < 0.05); bicarbonate decreased rapidly from AT (compared with resting, P < 0.05) and it's changed direction was contrary to lactic acid.

CONCLUSIONIn order to overcome the resistance of the power during exercise, metabolic rate othe body increased, respiratory change depend upon the change metabolism, and the accumulation of acidic products exacerbated respiratory reactions at high intensity exercise.

Anaerobic Threshold ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Exercise Test ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; Respiration ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena ; Tidal Volume

In order to understand the electricity frequency specialties of blood, we have developed a wide frequency electricity characteristic testing system and used it to test the amplitude frequency property and phase frequency property of the blood in different states and constituents at 1 Hz to 20 MHz. Further analysis on the results of tests helped us know some important properties of blood at even more microcosmic levels from a new angle. Meanwhile, some problems and considerations on the improvement of the electricity model of biotic tissue and blood were pointed out. (1) From 1 Hz to 5 KHz, the impedance of blood descended 99%. (2) Simple equivalent circuit of resistance and capacitance must be used in series equivalent but not in usual parallel connection equivalent. (3) Experiment indicated, equivalent circuits of blood need more analysis, because simple equivalent circuit of resistance and capacitance is liable to gross error. (4) When the three element model is used for measuring the resistance of inside liquid, capacitance of cell membrane and the resistance of outside liquid of blood, the three testing frequencies must be very similar.
Blood ; Blood Physiological Phenomena ; Electric Impedance ; Electrophysiology ; Humans ; Models, Biological

A 6 year 6month-old boy was admitted with complains of severe spontaneou epistaxis and easy brusability. He was one of five siblings, and two of them died of recurred severe epistaxis at their age of six years. There was no history of bleeding tendency to his antecedents and parents, whose marriage was unrelated. Platelet count and partial thromboplastin time were noraml with prolonged bleeding time, but clot retraction was poor. Platelet adhesion(Salzman method) was decreased and platelet aggregation test showed flat curve with no response to epinephrine and ADP. These tests of other were normal. Diagnosis of thrombasthenia was made with the above history and laboratory results.
Adenosine Diphosphate ; Bleeding Time ; Blood Platelets ; Clot Retraction ; Diagnosis ; Epinephrine ; Epistaxis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage ; Parents ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Count ; Siblings ; Thrombasthenia*

A 6 year 6month-old boy was admitted with complains of severe spontaneou epistaxis and easy brusability. He was one of five siblings, and two of them died of recurred severe epistaxis at their age of six years. There was no history of bleeding tendency to his antecedents and parents, whose marriage was unrelated. Platelet count and partial thromboplastin time were noraml with prolonged bleeding time, but clot retraction was poor. Platelet adhesion(Salzman method) was decreased and platelet aggregation test showed flat curve with no response to epinephrine and ADP. These tests of other were normal. Diagnosis of thrombasthenia was made with the above history and laboratory results.
Adenosine Diphosphate ; Bleeding Time ; Blood Platelets ; Clot Retraction ; Diagnosis ; Epinephrine ; Epistaxis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage ; Parents ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Count ; Siblings ; Thrombasthenia*

The purpose of this study was to define the content of physiological knowledge needed for clinical nursing practices. Subjects of physiology were classified into 15 areas, and each area was further classified into subareas, resulting in a total of 194 subareas. The degree of importance of each subarea was measured with a 4-point scale. The subjects of this study were 179 nurses of two university hospitals located in Seoul and Inchon. The results were as follows: 1. The areas of physiology necessary for clinical nursing practice as a basic knowledge in the order of importance were : blood, respiratory system and renal physiology , function of the immune system, body fluid and cardiovascular system, body temperature, endocrine physiology and gastrointestinal physiology. However, the degree of importance for reproductive physiology, neurophysiology, energy and metabolism, cell and cell membrane physiology, muscular physiology and special sense was relatively low. 2. The most important content of physiology for all clinical areas in nursing was blood physiology. However, the degree of importance for each physiology area was different depending on clinical areas. 3. Subareas of physiology as a basic knowledge for clinical practice and education in nursing were blood transfusion, blood type, function of red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet, characteristics and function of hemoglobin, composition and function of hemoglobin, composition and function of plasma protein, and mechanism and function of plasma protein, and mechanism of blood coagulation and anticoagulation. In conclusion, areas of physiology necessary for clinical nursing practice were blood, respiratory system and renal physiology, function of immune, body fluid and cardiovascular system, body temperature, endocrine physiology and gastrointestinal physiology. However, the degree of importance for each physiology area was different depending on clinical areas in nursing.
Blood Coagulation ; Blood Physiological Phenomena ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Transfusion ; Body Fluids ; Body Temperature ; Cardiovascular System ; Cell Membrane ; Education ; Erythrocytes ; Hospitals, University ; Immune System ; Incheon ; Leukocytes ; Metabolism ; Neurophysiology ; Nursing* ; Physiology* ; Plasma ; Respiratory System ; Seoul