Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is applicable to blood glucose sensing without using any reagent, however, due to a result of inadequate accuracy, till now this method has not been used in clinical detection. The principle and key technologies of blood glucose sensing by MIR spectroscopy are presented in this paper. Along with our experimental results, the paper analyzes ways to enhance measurement accuracy and prediction accuracy by the following four methods: selection of optimized spectral region; application of spectra data processing method; elimination of the interference with other components in the blood, and promotion in system hardware. According to these four improving methods, we designed four experiments, i.e., strict determination of the region where glucose concentration changes most sensitively in MIR, application of genetic algorithm for wavelength selection, normalization of spectra for the purpose of enhancing measuring reproduction, and utilization of CO2 laser as light source. The results show that the measurement accuracy of blood glucose concentration is enhanced almost to a clinical detection level.
Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; blood ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; methods

Blood sugar and blood gas analysis changes caused by a 10 hour fast and a 15 hour fast were studied in sixtythree patients. In the 10 hour fast group, mean blood sugar level was 79.58+/-8.77mg/dl compared with the 15 hour fast group was 77.22+/-14.93 mg/dl. There were no remarkable changes on blood gas analysis for both the 10 hour fast group and 15 hour fast group. Neither age nor sex had any significant influence on blood sugar level or blood gas analysis. Thus, in order to make preoperative recommendations as well as to give appropriate intravenous fluids during and following operation, the anesthesiologist must be acquainted with the physiology of fasting.
Blood Gas Analysis* ; Blood Glucose* ; Fasting* ; Humans ; Physiology

With the development of economy, the incidence of diabetes is keeping on rising. It has been a larger chief offender endangering human health. Glucose monitoring in time, accurately and continuously can provide the basis for the adjustment of diet, exercise and drug treatment project, and can control disease at the level of satisfaction degree. Noninvasive measurement of glucose avoids blood collection with high frequency, alleviates pain caused by blood sampling, and prevents infection. It comes with hope for the diabetic. In this article, we compare the kinds of techniques, introduce the theory, the problems of polarization rotation, the solving methods and the advantages, thus providing references for the noninvasive measurement of glucose.
Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; methods ; trends ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; Humans ; Optical Rotation

Non-invasive (NI) blood glucose measurement is a new method, this article deals with current researches and analyzes the advantages and shortages of different measurement methods, including electrochemical process and Optical methods (transmission, polarimetry and back scattering). Then, the technology of near-infrared spectra is emphasized in the analysis. Finally, the problem and technical analysis of non-invasive (NI) blood glucose measurement at the present time are discussed. We preliminarily aim at the method of NI blood glucose determination and the original concept of measuring apparatus, including the choice of incident light wavelength, determination of receiver point, establishment of the optical model of biological tissue, and apparatus design.
Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; instrumentation ; methods ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Humans

This article elucidates the understanding of National Standard GB/T19634-2005 "In Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems-General Technical Requirements for Blood-Glucose Monitoring Systems for Self-Testing" from the perspective of registration tests of blood glucose analyzers, and summarizes some of the common problems existing in sending the blood glucose analyzers for inspection in registration tests according to the relevant regulations.
Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; instrumentation ; standards ; Health Personnel

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of the determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) in gestational abnormal glucose metabolism. METHODS: The level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbAlc in 540 normal gravida and 387 pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism was determined. Glucose challenge test (GCT) with 50 g glucose was done to those whose level of FPG was normal and 75 g glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done to those whose GCT was abnormal. The levels of HbAlc of all subjects were assessed. And all subjects were divided into some groups according to the levels of HbA1c, to investigate the relationship between the complication and the levels of HbAlc. RESULTS: The positive rate of HbAlc in abnormal glucose metabolism pregnant women was 20.9%. It was not sensitive if diagnosed only by this sign. Diagnosis by both FPG and this sign could solve this problem. The incidence of complication was increasing with the rise of HbA1c titre in the study group. CONCLUSION The determination of HbAlc is important in the screening, diagnosing and assessing the prognoses of the gestational abnormal glucose metabolism.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Diabetes, Gestational ; blood ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; blood ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; analysis ; Humans ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; blood

BACKGROUND: Recent blood gas analyzers offer electrolytes, Hb-derivatives (O2 Hb, HHb, COHb, MetHb and SulfHb), content of total hemoglobin (ctHb), and metabolites (glucose and lactate) as well as conventional blood gas parameters. Evaluation and efficient control of these instruments affect greatly monitoring and therapy of patients. The authors evaluated a recently introduced blood gas analyzer, the Roche OMNI 9 (Roche Diagnostics) for precision, analytic speed, function, features and comparability with other instruments according to NCCLS guidelines to see if it was suitable for the stat analyzer. METHODS: Commercial control materials, AUTO-trol PLUS Level 1, 2, 3 (Roche Diagnostics) were analyzed to evaluate the within-day precision, the between-day precision, and patient samples were used to evaluate comparability with other instruments. RESULTS: The within-day and the between-day precisions of the Roche OMNI 9 showed a very low CV of 0- 3.93% and 0- 3.99%, respectively, in all parameters except the lactate, which had moderate CV values of 7.74% and 5.93% in Level 3 QC material (low concentration). In compari-son with the Bayer instrument, correlation was high in all parameters with the r(2) value ranging from 0.9441 to 0.9901 except for COHb (r(2)=0.4239) and MetHb (r(2)=0.0034) whose concentrations were in the lower level. Glucose (r(2)=0.991), lactate (r(2)=0.9824), and hemoglobin (r(2)=0.9961) showed a rather high correlation. The Roche OMNI 9 could analyze 40 samples of blood gas and 27 samples of full parameter per hour, which was comparable to the Bayer M855. CONCLUSIONS: The Roche OMNI 9 showed high precision and rapid turnaround time for blood gas and in a selection of glucose, lactate and hemoglobin.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Electrolytes ; Glucose ; Humans ; Lactic Acid

No abstract available.
Ascorbic Acid/*chemistry ; Blood Chemical Analysis/instrumentation/*methods ; Blood Glucose/*analysis ; Maltose/*chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the practical and sensitive index for insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents.

METHODSAn oral glucose tolerance test and insulin releasing test were performed in 126 obese (divided into 3 groups according their BMI) and 25 normal children. The ratio of fasting plasma glucose to fasting plasma insulin (FBG/FINS), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment-insulin activity index (IAI), whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) and area under curve of glucose and insulin (AUCBG, AUCINS) were calculated.

RESULTThere were no significant differences in fasting plasma glucose levels, while significant differences existed in fasting plasma insulin, the ratio of fasting plasma glucose to fasting plasma insulin,homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment-insulin activity index, whole body insulin sensitivity index, area under curve of glucose, area under curve of insulin and AUCINS/AUCBG among these four groups. Whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) reflected the sensitiveness of the insulin earlier than that of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and homeostasis model assessment-insulin activity index.

CONCLUSIONWhole body insulin sensitivity index seems to be a better index for insulin resistance for obese children.

Adolescent ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Child ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; methods ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Obesity ; blood ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring will be the development direction for detecting the blood glucose concentration of body in time. In this way, the concentration of the blood glucose can be controlled effectively, then the complicating diseases of diabetes can be reduced, so it is of great significance for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. The recent developments of non-invasive blood glucose concentration monitoring technologies, including basic principles, results of verification test and instruments, are discussed, especially three methods with instruments facing market. The existing problems of these methods are also discussed. Finally, some difficult points of current non-invasive blood glucose monitoring methods are further discussed and the future trend of the technologies has been pointed out according to the above analysis.
Biosensing Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; instrumentation ; methods ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; Equipment Design ; Humans