The authors recommend reference values of blood gas, co-oximetry and acid-base balances in arterial blood of normal people (n=53) by using ABL-520 of radiometer Copenhagen.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Oximetry ; Blood

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the significance of continuous transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) level monitoring through reviewing cases which showed a discrepancy in CO2 levels between arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) and continuous transcutaneous blood gas monitoring. METHOD: Medical record review was conducted retrospectively of patients with neuromuscular diseases who had started home mechanical ventilation between June 2008 and May 2010. The 89 patients underwent ABGA at the 1st hospital day, and changes to their CO2 level were continuously monitored overnight with a transcutaneous blood gas analysis device. The number of patients who initially appeared to show normal PaCO2 through ABGA, yet displayed hypercapnea through overnight continuous monitoring, was counted. RESULTS: 36 patients (40.45%) presented inconsistent CO2 level results between ABGA and continuous overnight monitoring. The mean CO2 level of the 36 patients using ABGA was 37.23+/-5.11 mmHg. However, the maximum and mean CO2 levels from the continuous monitoring device were 52.25+/-6.87 mmHg and 46.16+/-6.08 mmHg, respectively. From the total monitoring period (357.28+/-150.12 minutes), CO2 retention over 45 mmHg was detected in 198.97 minutes (55.69%). CONCLUSION: Although ABGA only reflects ventilatory status at the puncturing moment, ABGA results are commonly used to monitor ventilatory status in most clinical settings. In order to decide the starting point of home mechanical ventilation in neuromuscular patients, continuous overnight monitoring should be considered to assess latent CO2 retention.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous ; Carbon Dioxide ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Neuromuscular Diseases ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Retention (Psychology) ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventilators, Mechanical

BACKGROUND: The monitoring of end-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2) during high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) has been unsatisfactory because of a small tidal volume and slow response time of CO2 analyser, although several authors have reported strategies of successful PETCO2 measurement during HFJV. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of tracheal CO2 tension (PtCO2) as a PaCO2 during HFJV. METHODS: We studied 24 patients undergoing laryngomicrosurgery during HFJV (rates: 100/min; I:E= 0.2; driving pressure: 0.25-0.35 MPa) through a 12 Fr. polyethylene injector placed 6-7 cm below the vocal cord. A gas sampling line was placed longitudinally against the injector and they were wrapped with aluminum foil. Continuous capnography was recorded during 20 minutes of HFJV. Every 5 minutes of HFJV, PtCO2 was obtained from the plateau value of CO2 wave after the stopping of JV and arterial blood gas analysis was done at 20 minutes of HFJV comparing PaCO2 to PtCO2. A Pearson's product moment correlation and regression analysis between PtCO2 and PaCO2 and the agreement between the two methods using Bland-Altman method were assessed. RESULTS: A regression analysis (R2=0.928) and a Pearson's product moment correlation (r=0.965, P<0.001) indicated a strong correlation of PtCO2 and PaCO2 during HFJV. The difference against a mean scatter diagram showed a relative good agreement between the two method (mean difference: 1.58 (SD 2.22) mmHg; limit of agreement: 2.86 and -6.02). CONCLUSIONS: PtCO2 obtained from a plateau of CO2 wave on capnography after interruption of HFJV can accurately reflect PaCO2 during HFJV in relative.
Aluminum ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous ; Capnography ; High-Frequency Jet Ventilation* ; Humans ; Polyethylene ; Reaction Time ; Tidal Volume ; Vocal Cords

Hemoglobinopathy poses many challenges to the anesthesiologists. The central issue is the accuracy about interpretation of pulse oximetry saturation value during anesthesia. There are limited data with respect to the correlation between pulse oximetry saturation and oxygen saturation by arterial blood gas analysis in different hemoglobinopathies. We report here a case of a patient with hemoglobinopathy undergoing general anesthesia. Before the induction of anesthesia, various fractions of inspired oxygen were administered with concomitant measurement of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis. The saturation value by pulse oximetry, together with arterial blood gas analysis for oxygen tension, was used for evaluation of the patient's oxygenation status and speculation of the patient's oxygen saturation curve during the anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Hemoglobinopathies ; Humans ; Oximetry ; Oxygen

No abstract available.
Blood Gas Analysis*

No abstract available.
Blood Gas Analysis*

Pulse oximetry is a relatively new and noninvasive technique for measuring O2 saturation continuously. We applied pulse oximetry to 9 pediatric patients with tetralogy of Fallot during shunt surgery. Arterial blood gas tensions were measured at the time of postinduction, just before insertion of the shunt, after the shunt and at the end of the operation. The SaO2 levels by blood gas analysis were compared with the SpO2 levels as measured by pulse oximetry. SaO2 and SpO2 levels increased after the shunt and at the end of the operation in comparison with before the shunt, but the PaO2 level remained the same in each period. The SaO2 and SpO2 levels were identical in all 4 periods. The pH increased at the end of the operation in comparison with the postinduction. In conclusion, continuous monitoring of SpO2 through pulse oximetry, instead of PaO2 is a very useful method to assess the adequacy of perfusion after the shunt. Pulse oximetry is also a valuable tool with which to choose the site of the pulmonary artery to be shunted.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oximetry* ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Artery ; Tetralogy of Fallot*

Oxygen reserve index (ORI) is a novel dimensionless index used for noninvasive, real-time, and continuous monitoring of oxygenation, and ORI value ranges from 0 to 1, which reflects the range of 100-200 mmHg for arterial partial pressure of oxygen. ORI combined with pulse oximetry may help to accurately adjust the concentration of inspired oxygen and prevent hyperoxemia and hypoxemia. ORI is suitable for various clinical situations, and the medical staff should master this novel parameter and use it properly to assess the oxygenation of patients. In addition, several limitations of ORI should be noticed during clinical application.
Humans ; Oxygen ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Oximetry ; Hypoxia/therapy*

The main purpose of this paper is to describe the design and development of the near-infrared blood-oxygen monitor which is based on the theory of detecting the blood-oxygen parameters of tissue by near-infrared, and the monitor can detect the blood-oxygen parameters of two sides of the local brain tissue. The monitor uses two wavelength ultra-high light LED as lamp-house, and two sensors detect the light scattered by two sides of the local brain tissue, which make the monitor achieve the function of dual detector. The appearance of the monitor's detector is designed to reduce effectively the noise brought by the background and alleviate the discomfort feelings of the patient. At the same time, this apparatus can monitor continuously the brain blood-oxygen parameters of the patients in real time, and output the curves of the blood-oxygen and oxygen concentration of two sides of brain tissue. At last, the biological model experiments and the tests in clinical setting validate the monitor.
Blood Gas Analysis ; instrumentation ; methods ; Brain ; blood supply ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Oximetry ; instrumentation ; methods ; Oxygen ; blood ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

This study was attempted to observe the rate of fall of arterial oxygen tension and the rate of rise of artetrial carbon dioxide tension after denitrogenation with 100%(Group I, n=10) or 50% oxygen(Group II, n=15) in 25 healthy ASA class I patients scheduled for ear, oromaxillary, head and orthopedic surgery that do not affect respiration or pulmonary function. After 30 minutes of denitrogenation under supine position, apnea was carried out by dis- connecting the endotracheal tube and rebreathing circuit until arterial oxygen saturation decreased to 90-95% by pulse oximetry which was placed at index finger. We calculated the mean rate of decrease of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2(tn)-PaO2(tn+1)) and the mean rate of increase of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2(tn+1)-PaCO2(tn)) minute by minute by arterial blood gas analysis. The results are as follows. 1) The mean rate of decrease of arterial oxygen tension after apnea was 40.96+/-11.02 in Group I and 43.22+/-5.49 mmHg/min. in Group II 2) The rate of increase of arterial carbon dioxide tension during the first one minute of apnea was 5.94+/-0.85 in Group I and 5.56+0.64 mmHg in Group II 3) The mean rate of increase of arterial carbon dioxide tension after first one minute was 2.46+/-0.78 in Group I and 2.47+/-0.71 mmHg/min. in Group II With the above results, we concluded that healthy human subject who was denitrogenated with 100% oxygen about 30 minutes can withstand apnea as far as 7 minutes, and those who denitrogenated with 50% oxygen can withstand apnea as far as 3 minutes without hypoxic insult.
Anesthesia* ; Anoxia ; Apnea* ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Ear ; Fingers ; Head ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Oximetry ; Oxygen* ; Respiration ; Supine Position