BACKGROUND: The yields of plateletpheresis products are important to meet standard platelet transfusion doses. The use of single donor platelets (SDPs) has been increased substantially worldwide. Korean Red Cross decided to supply and started collection of SDPs since January, 2000. This study evaluates platelet yields of plateletpheresis and plasmapheresis of Korean Red Cross Nambu blood center. METHODS: The records for SDPs collected by Amicus(TM) (Baxter, Deerfield, IL, USA), MCS+ (Haemonetics, Braintree, MA, USA) and Trima (Gambro BCT, Lakewood, USA) between Jan. 2005 and Nov. 2005 were evaluated. The records for plasma collected by Autopheresis-C(TM) (Baxter,Deerfield, IL, USA), MCS(TM), PCS 2 (Haemonetics, Braintree, MA, USA) between Jan. 2005 and Nov. 2005 were also evaluated. RESULTS: Platelet yields of SDP less than 3 x 10(11) accounted for 6.45% of all collections. The rate of SDPs which platelet yields less than 3 x 10(11) collected by AMICUS is 4.84%, MCS+ is 7.72%, TRIMA is 7.01%. The rate of plasmapheresis products under the criteria is 0.7%. Plasma collected with Autopheresis-C(TM) made a concern about break down of filtration pore and occuring of hemolysis during apheresis procedures. CONCLUSION: Platelet yields less than 3 x 10(11) accounted for 6.45% of all collections. The rate of plasmapheresis products under the criteria is 0.7%. This study demonstrated that qualfied management and thorough understanding of the plataletpheresis technology are necessary to increase productivity of SDPs with platelet yields 3x1011 or over.
Blood Component Removal* ; Blood Platelets ; Efficiency ; Filtration ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Plasma ; Plasmapheresis ; Platelet Transfusion ; Plateletpheresis ; Red Cross* ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: Several kinds of adverse reactions can occur during blood donation such as vasovagal reaction (VVR), hematoma, citrate toxicity, etc. These adverse reactions are not common, but they are important because they cause a decrease in re-donation. The cost for maintaining a repeat donation is very low compared to that for securing first-time donors. Whole blood donation differs from apheresis in some aspects, and this could have an influence on blood donor reactions. We compared whole blood donation with apheresis for blood donor reactions. METHODS: From January to December in 2007 at Busan Red Cross Blood Center, 109,004 donations were investigated for blood donor reactions. 76,098 (69.8%) donations were from male donors and 32,906 (30.2%) were from females. 77,813 (71.3%) donations were for whole blood, 25,224 (23.2%) were for plasmapheresis and 5,967 (5.5%) were for plateletpheresis. RESULTS: The frequencies of VVR were 0.10% (75/77,813) for the whole blood donations, 0.15% (37/25,224) for plasmapheresis and 0.03% (2/5,967) for plateletpheresis (P<0.05). The frequency of hematoma was 0.05% (37/77,813) for whole blood donation, 0.25% (62/25,224) for plasmapheresis and 0.27% (16/5,967) for plateletpheresis (P<0.05). Citrate toxicity was extremely rare. VVR was most common in plasmapheresis, and it was rare in plateletpheresis. CONCLUSION: The kinds of donated blood components had an influence on blood donor reactions. Understanding these characteristics helps to prevent adverse reaction. Having people re-donate is essential for keeping a large sized donor pool. So, appropriate management to prevent donor reactions is very important.
Blood Component Removal ; Blood Donors ; Citric Acid ; Female ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Plasmapheresis ; Plateletpheresis ; Red Cross ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been established that plateletpheresis needs more efficiency and shorter processing time. Fenwall laboratories developed a new collection chamber for CS-3000 Plus, PLT-30TM collection chamber, which can reduce the processing time with efficient collection. We evaluated the PLT-30TM collection chamber by comparing it with A-35 collection chamber that has been used as a standard collection chamber of CS-3000 Plus us. METHODS: Thirty platelet collection procedures were performed using the CS 3000 Plus with A-35 collection chamber and PLT-30TM collection chamber. The changes of the hematologic parameters between pre- and post-donation in donors and the total platelets yields and the contaminated WBCs in the plateletpheresis products were evaluated. In processing, the yield predictor calibration was adjusted to 1.00 and 1.13 in A-35 and PLT-30TM respectively. Yield predictors of pheresis were the same as 3.5x1011 in both and end point volumes were calculated from the CS-3000 Plus. Processing volume and processing times were compared between A-35 and PLT-30TM groups. RESULTS: With PLT-30TM collection chamber, 3.38+/-0.72x1011/L platelets were harvested, whereas 3.20+/- 0.73x1011/L were collected with A-35 collection chamber, which was not significantly different. But processing time with the PLT-30TM collection chamber was more reduced than that with the A-35 collection chamber by about 20 minutes (PLT-30TM : 88.6+/-8.4 min, A-35 : 106.7+/-11.7min). Collection efficiency of PLT-30TM chamber was 50.7+/-12.5% and that of A-35 chamber was 44.4 + 8.8%. The leukocyte contamination of the platelet concentrates were not statistically different(PLT-30TM: 0.0-3.6x106, A-35 : 0.1-4.1x106). CONCLUSIONS: PLT-30TM collection chamber has the advantages of shortening the donation time and decreasing the processing volume with better collection efficiency and flexibility of platelet concentrate volume.
Blood Component Removal ; Blood Platelets ; Calibration ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Plateletpheresis ; Pliability ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: Currently in Korea, the blood supply for transfusion is almost covered by whole blood donation. But, because the number of participants of the plasmapheresis is limited, the supply of plasma for the production of plasma fractionations depends on a considerable amount of plasma imported. For this reason, a facilitation of plasmapheresis is in an urgent need via stable donors' participation. This survey research was conducted to improve services for donors based on their sound understandings on plasmapheresis. METHOD: The subjects were 1,132 donors who participated plasmapheresis between August and September of 1996 and agreed on the research purposes. RESULTS: Students and employees under 30 years old composed the major part of those who participated in plasmapheresis in major metropolitan areas including Seoul. The gender distribution was about 6:4. Most of the donors had a voluntary motivation to help others, but 47% of them did not know that blood donation is not related to HIV infection. Subjects responded that the environment for plasmapheresis was satisfacftory (92%). Factors that were related to unsatisfactory experience included boredom while pheresis (30%), scared feeling for the pain at the site of injection (28%), and uncomfortable feeling of blood flow (18%). 76% of the donors responded that they will participate in the plasmapheresis again, and the correlation between the level of satisfaction and intention of repeated participation was significant (p<0.01). Reasons for the refusal of repeated participation included the length of pheresis time (52%) and the pain at the site of injection (19%). 82% of the subjects thought the nurses were kind and 18% thought they were moderately kind. While 62% of the subjects who thought nurses were kind expressed their intention to participate in apheresis, while 59% of the subjects who thought the kindness was moderate said that they will not participate in apheresis. The correlation between the kindness of nurses and the level of understandig about plasmapheresis, and the level of uncomfortableness, and intention for repetitive participation were all significant (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Based on our survey we could concluded that the followings are of great importance for the facilitation of plasmapheresis: continual promotion for the lack of relationship between blood donation and HIV infection, kindly explanation of palsmapheresis by nurses, nurses' skillful operation of plasmapheresis, improvement of audio-visual environment in order not to make donors boring during aphresis.
Adult ; Blood Component Removal ; Blood Donors ; Boredom ; Disulfiram ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Intention ; Korea ; Motivation ; Plasma ; Plasmapheresis* ; Seoul ; Tissue Donors* ; Volunteers*

BACKGROUND: Leukocytes have been shown to be an undesirable contaminants in platelet transfusions because these contaminants may develop various adverse consequences. Current platelet products by plateletpheresis are heavily contaminated with leukocytes. Recently, new platelet apheresis system (COBE Spectra LRSTM) was designed to make it possible to collect platelets with very low leukocytes contamination. We evaluated the COBE Spectra LRSTM by comparing it with COBE Spectra. METHODS: Plateletpheresis procedures were performed on 75 normal donors; 45 procedures for COBE Spectra LRSTM and 30 procedures for COBE Spectra. We evaluated platelet yields, processing times, efficiency, and leukocytes content on two apheresis machines. RESULTS: Comparative results of COBE Spectra LRSTM with COBE Spectra were as follows: the mean processing time per unit was 97 min and 91 min, the efficiency per unit was 38.4 +/- 11.5% and 46.9 +/- 12.1%, the mean leukocytes contamination per unit was 6.1x104 and 2.1x106 respectively (p<0.01). The platelet yields per unit were 2.79 +/- 1.04x1011 with COBE Spectra LRSTM and 3.13 +/- 0.91x1011 with COBE Spectra (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Platelet collections with COBE Spectra LRSTM demonstrated comparable platelet yields and strikingly low WBC contamination. This study indicate that the COBE Spectra LRSTM is an efficient and reliable system for the collection of platelets with very low residual WBC levels. It seems that leukocyte reduction filter for platelet products by COBE Spectra LRSTM is not necessary for further removal of leukocytes to prevent alloimmunization, non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, certain viral and bacterial infections.
Bacterial Infections ; Blood Component Removal ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Blood Platelets ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Platelet Transfusion ; Plateletpheresis ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: The Sysmex SE-9000 and R- 3000 automated cell counters provide estimates of immature cells referred to as immature myeloid information (IMI), hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) as high and medium fluorescent reticulocytes, and high fluorescence ratio (HFR) as high fluorescent reticulocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether these parameters were useful to refine apheresis timing of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) harvest. METHOD: For 140 peripheral blood harvest procedures of 26 patients, pre-harvest peripheral blood (PB) WBC, mononuclear cells (MNC), IMI, HPC, CD34-positive cells, reticulocyte (%, number), IRF and HFR were tested and compared with harvested CD34-positive cell content. RESULTS: Correlation coefficients between pre-harvest WBC, MNC, IMI, HPC, CD34-positive cells, reticulocyte %, reticulocyte number, IRF and HFR of PB and harvested CD34-positive cell content were 0.15, 0.06, 0.60, 0.78, 0.77, 0.004, 0.06, 0.28 and 0.40. Applying the criteria IMI 300X10degrees/L, HPC 5X10degrees/L and CD34-positive cells 5X10derees/L of PB on the first day of 30 cycles of harvests, positive predictive value to predict the mean CD34+ cell count over 0.5X106/kg per one leukapheresis and negative predictive value to predict the mean CD34+ cell count less than 0.5X10derees/kg per one leukapheresis were 73.3%/93.3%, 57.8%/90.9% and 78.6%/ 93.7% respectively. CONCLUSION: Pre-harvest PB IMI and HPC of Sysmex SE-9000 are comparable with PB CD34- positive cells in terms of correlation with harvested CD34-positive cell content. For PB IMI and HPC are simple, inexpensive and rapid to get results, PB IMI and HPC are useful to refine apheresis timing of PBSC harvests and to screen poor-mobilizers.
Blood Component Removal* ; Cell Count ; Fluorescence ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Leukapheresis ; Reticulocyte Count ; Reticulocytes ; Stem Cells*

BACKGROUND: We have done a prospective randomized study to assess the effect of milk ingestion on ionized calcium level and can prevent hypocalcemia during single donor plateletpheresis. METHODS: Between August 2003 and September 2003, thirty single platelet donors who visited Apheresis Unit in St. Mary's Hospital were prospectively randomized into whether milk ingestion (experimental group, n=15) or not (control group, n=15) before apheresis. Plateletpheresis were performed using COBE Spectra LRS TM. Serum ionized calcium level and vital signs were monitored before, 30 minutes after, and completion of apheresis procedure. RESULTS: Vital signs(systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse) in each time were not significantly different between two groups. Ionized calcium level at finish time tends to elevate compared to those at after 30 minutes in Experimental group (1.08mmol/L at basal, 0.86mmol/L after 30min, 0.93mmol/L at finish time). But ionized calcium levels at finish time significantly decreased than those at baseline level in Control group(1.05mmol/L on basal, 0.91mmol/L after 30min, 0.73mmol/L at finish time)(p=0.0054). Ionized calcium levels at finish time were significantly increased in Experimental group compared to control group(p=0.002). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that milk ingestion before apheresis can prevent the decrease of serum ionized calcium level and simple recommendation of milk ingestion can prevent hypocalcemia during plateletpheresis.
Blood Component Removal ; Blood Platelets ; Calcium* ; Eating* ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Milk* ; Plateletpheresis* ; Prospective Studies* ; Tissue Donors* ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are mobilized by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which causes several side effects in allogeneic donors. We report on side effects of G-CSF administration and determine which side effects could be used in predicting the amount of harvested CD34+ cells. METHODS: Data from the first PBSC collections of 155 healthy donors between 2007 and 2010 were analyzed. Side effects were assessed using adverse event inventory, which was graded from 1 (mild) to 3 (severe) or 4 (disabling). RESULTS: G-CSF administration caused an elevation of WBC counts (mean 44,834/microL) and 86% of them were neutrophils. The mean mononuclear cells in apheresis products was 6.6x10(8)/kg and mean CD34+ cells was 6.0x10(6)/kg. Bone pain was reported by 151 healthy donors (97%) and severe bone pain was related to more CD34+ cells in apheresis products (P=0.041): 39 for grade 1 (5.1x10(6) CD34+cells/kg), 86 for grade 2 (6.0x10(6)), and 26 for grade 3 (7.1x10(6)). In addition, the percentage of collecting more than 5.0x10(6) CD34+cells/kg during the first leukapheresis showed correlation with the severity of bone pain. CONCLUSION: Bone pain was the most common side effect of G-CSF mobilization and more CD34+ cells were harvested in cases of severe bone pain.
Blood Component Removal ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization* ; Humans ; Leukapheresis ; Neutrophils ; Stem Cells* ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: It is very important to accurately enumerate CD34-positive (CD34+) cells for successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We evaluated the ability of the newly developed image based-immunofluorescence cell counter ADAMII (NanoEntek, Seoul, Korea) to enumerate CD34+ cells, which was improved through simultaneous CD45 analysis. METHODS: We enumerated CD34+ cells with ADAMII using 19 peripheral blood (PB) and 91 leukapheresis samples from HSCT donors. Analytical performance, including precision and linearity, was analyzed, and sample stability during storage was evaluated. Viable CD34+ cell count (vCD34) and viable CD45+ cell count (vCD45) and the percentage of viable CD34+ cells among viable CD45+ cells (CD34/CD45) as measured by ADAMII were compared with the corresponding values from two flow cytometry assays, using regression analysis. RESULTS: ADAMII demonstrated acceptable precision, as CV values of vCD34 from six samples with different counts were all < 10% (range: 3.49–9.51%). CV values of the vCD45 and CD34/45 ranged from 4.03% to 9.67% and from 2.48% to 10.07%, respectively. The linearity of vCD34 showed an excellent R 2 value (0.99) when analyzed using the intended count and flow cytometry data. The ADAMII and two flow cytometry-based assays generated very similar data for the PB and leukapheresis samples. CONCLUSIONS: ADAMII demonstrated excellent performance for use as a routine clinical assay in terms of CD34+ cell enumeration from PB and leukapheresis samples. Moreover, it could be used as a point-of-care-test for determining mobilization time and predicting an adequate apheresis stem cell product.
Blood Component Removal ; Cell Count ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescence ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Leukapheresis ; Seoul ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) removes pathogenic substances through a centrifugation or membrane filtration method. During the procedure for TPE, normal substances can be reduced with the removal of such pathogens. We evaluated a simple plasma exchange (SPE) and a modified technique called post-centrifugal plasma filtration (PCPF), and analyzed the degree of changes in substances between the two methods. METHODS: 14 chemical or serologic tests were performed on 129 samples from 16 patients and medical records were reviewed. Samples were divided into pre and post-apheresis measurements and delta values of pre and post-apheresis measurements were attained and compared for any statistical differences in the two methods. RESULTS: All post-apheresis concentrations were decreased compared to pre-apheresis levels in both methods. Two items revealed a statistical difference between the two methods. The IgG and rheumatoid factor, composed mainly of IgM, were reduced significantly in the SPE compared to the PCPF group (P=0.0009 P=0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Many factors, such as the size of the membrane pores and the patient's individual diagnosis played a very important role in the overall outcome of plasmapheresis. Although our study revealed a significant decrease in the IgG and RF in the SPE group, compared to the PCPF group, no other significance could be stated in the other substances measured. Therefore, such multivariable factors should be considered in the selection of the apheresis method.
Blood Component Removal ; Centrifugation ; Diagnosis ; Filtration* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Medical Records ; Membranes ; Plasma Exchange* ; Plasma* ; Plasmapheresis ; Rheumatoid Factor ; Serologic Tests