No abstract available.
Blood Banks*

BACKGROUND: Most red blood cells that are crossmatched in a hospital blood bank are for surgical patients, and the majority of them is not transfused in spite of the use of MSBOS (maximum surgical blood order schedule). Because preoperative patients variables are omitted in MSBOS, an alternative system for ordering red cell units, which incorporates the patients variables for surgical patients, has been developed. METHODS: We studied the average amount of transfused red blood cell units per each elective surgery and also calculated the average red blood cell volume reduction and average hemoglobin reduction for each elective surgery incorporating patients variables, such as preoperative hemoglobin, postoperative hemoglobin, weight during the period from January to December, 2001 in Hanyang university hospital. We compared transfused units with the anticipated units using MSBOS and the average red blood cell volume reduction and the average hemoglobin reduction. We evaluated factors associated with the risk of transfusion during surgery. RESULTS: Total units transfused in elective surgeries were 2099 units. The anticipated units were 1925 in MSBOS, 1508 in average hemoglobin reduction, 1559 in average red blood cell volume reduction. With the exception of over-transfusion, the total transfused units were 953 units and the anticipated units were 1173 in the MSBOS, 1054 in the average hemoglobin reduction, and 1038 in the average red blood cell volume reduction. Factors associated with the risk of transfusion in multivariate regression analysis were preoperative hemoglobin (OR: 0.7431), sex (male=1, female=2, OR: 1.3166), weight (OR: 0.9890), age (OR: 1.0541), operating time (OR:1.0090). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative hemoglobin and weight are major factors associated with transfusions. Therefore, preoperative ordering for red cell incorporating these factors may be effective in reducing the unnecessary excessive cross matching and the workload in blood banks.
Blood Banks ; Erythrocytes ; Humans

This study was performed to guide the effective utilization of blood and optimal blood ordering schedule for various elective surgeries, based on the analysis of 1,462 transfused surgical procedures and 5,933 blood units transfused during operation in the period of two years through January, 197 to December, 1988 at Yeungnam University Hospital. The frequency of transfusion, and mean transfused units were evaluated and recommended blood unit for each surgical procedure was proposed. We assure that the successful establishment of this guideline can lead to substantial monetary saving, reduced blood outdating, and a decreased blood bank workload with a more appropriate allocation of the technician's time and effort.
Appointments and Schedules ; Blood Banks

BACKGROUND: An automation system for ABO-RhD typing and antibody screening has been developed and its use is increasing. We compared the results of ABO-RhD typing and antibody screening tests using the manual (ABO-RhD typing) or semiautomated (antibody screening) method and with the automation instruments Galileo NEO (Immucor Gamma, Norcoss, USA) and QWALYS-3 (DIAGAST, Loos Cedex, France). METHODS: A total of 332 blood samples were tested for ABO-RhD typing in comparison with routine manual tests, and 236 samples for antibody screening in comparison with DS-Screening II (Bio-Rad Laboratories, 1785 Cressier FR, Switzerland). We evaluated the performance of Galileo NEO and QWALYS-3 in terms of concordance, carryover, and sensitivity test for ABO-RhD typing and antibody screening. RESULTS: The concordance rates of ABO-RhD typing results between the manual methods and the two instruments were 99.4% for Galileo NEO and 99.1% for QWALYS-3, respectively. On antibody screening tests, a concordance rate of 97.9% was observed between the semiautomated method and Galileo NEO or QWALYS-3, because of discordance in five specimens. The carryover was not observed for ABO-RhD typing and antibody screening. The overall sensitivity of the two automation instruments appears to be parallel with that of DS-Screening II except for anti-E. CONCLUSION: The Galileo NEO and QWALYS-3 system showed good performance, it can be used with confidence for routine pre-transfusion testing in the blood bank.
Automation ; Blood Banks* ; Mass Screening*

BACKGROUND: Pre-transfusion tests are important for performing safe transfusion and there is a need to standardize the process of these tests. In blood banks, automation of tests is under developed and there is always a high risk of error. Automatic instruments for blood bank tests are used in blood centers where a great volume of tests are performed. However, other small scale hospitals have little experience with automatic blood bank instruments. Here, we evaluated the newly developed automatic instrument, the AutoVue Innova (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA), for performing unexpected antibody screening tests and we compared this to other well known systems. METHODS: In a comparative study, a total of 136 samples, including 28 antibody screening positive samples and 108 negative samples, were tested in parallel by the LISS/Coombs card (DiaMed Ag, Cresssier, Morat, Switzerland) and the AutoVue Innova. The positive samples that were proven by the LISS/Coombs card and the AutoVue Innova were identified by the ID-DiaCell panel (DiaMed Ag, Cresssier, Morat, Switzerland) and the 0.8% Resolve Panel A (Ortho, Raritan, NJ, USA), respectively. Discrepant samples were rechecked by the Identisera Diana (Diagnostic Grifols, Barcelona, Spain). RESULTS: Among the 136 samples, 134 results (98.5%) of the AutoVue Innova agreed with those of the LISS/Coombs card and 2 results were discrepant. These two results were antibody screening positive only on the AutoVue and they were identified as being anti-Lewis(a). CONCLUSION: The unexpected antibody screening tests using the AutoVue Innova showed reliable results for general accuracy and they were useful in aspect of a decreased workload and increased safety, and even for less experienced persons.
Automation ; Blood Banks ; Mass Screening

BACKGROUND: Pre-transfusion tests are important for performing safe transfusion and there is a need to standardize the process of these tests. In blood banks, automation of tests is under developed and there is always a high risk of error. Automatic instruments for blood bank tests are used in blood centers where a great volume of tests are performed. However, other small scale hospitals have little experience with automatic blood bank instruments. Here, we evaluated the newly developed automatic instrument, the AutoVue Innova (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA), for performing unexpected antibody screening tests and we compared this to other well known systems. METHODS: In a comparative study, a total of 136 samples, including 28 antibody screening positive samples and 108 negative samples, were tested in parallel by the LISS/Coombs card (DiaMed Ag, Cresssier, Morat, Switzerland) and the AutoVue Innova. The positive samples that were proven by the LISS/Coombs card and the AutoVue Innova were identified by the ID-DiaCell panel (DiaMed Ag, Cresssier, Morat, Switzerland) and the 0.8% Resolve Panel A (Ortho, Raritan, NJ, USA), respectively. Discrepant samples were rechecked by the Identisera Diana (Diagnostic Grifols, Barcelona, Spain). RESULTS: Among the 136 samples, 134 results (98.5%) of the AutoVue Innova agreed with those of the LISS/Coombs card and 2 results were discrepant. These two results were antibody screening positive only on the AutoVue and they were identified as being anti-Lewis(a). CONCLUSION: The unexpected antibody screening tests using the AutoVue Innova showed reliable results for general accuracy and they were useful in aspect of a decreased workload and increased safety, and even for less experienced persons.
Automation ; Blood Banks ; Mass Screening

We report here the results of surveys for external quality assessment of blood bank tests performed in 2003. Response rates for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trial were 93.1%, 91.7%, and 90.1%, respectively. Test items for the surveys were ABO grouping, Rh(D) typing, crossmatching, direct antiglobulin test, antibody screening and identification test. The average accuracy rates of ABO grouping and Rh typing were in the range of 99.7-100% and 99.7-100%, respectively. In crossmatching test, the accuracy rates were 97.4-100% for the compatible samples, 83.4-100% for the incompatible samples, 87.2-92.4% for the samples which were incompatible in albumin phase, and 83.4-88.8% for the samples which could be detected as incompatible only by antiglobulin method. The accuracy rates of direct antiglobulin test were 97.9-99.6% for negative samples and 93.8-95.0% for positive samples. The correct results were reported from 95.9-100% of the surveyed institutions for antibody screening test and 98.8-100% for identification test. Forty six institutions gave repeatedly incorrect answers for crossmatching. Nine out of 46 institutions gave incorrect answers for all the test specimens sent out 3 times last year.
Blood Banks* ; Coombs Test ; Korea* ; Mass Screening

BACKGROUND: Overpreparation of Red Blood Cells for elective surgery causes problems, such as returning of blood, inefficient task of the blood bank and waste of blood resources. At The National Medical Center, Maximal Surgical Blood Order Schedule(MSBOS) was organized for the first time in 1994. Recently, blood use is decreased as various transfusion side effects become known, and operation technique and anesthetic methods develop. As a result, we try to revise MSBOS investigating RBC utilization for elective surgery in 2002. METHODS: We investigated RBC utilization for elective surgery, the number of transfused patient, mean blood amount of all patient having been operated in. It was accomplished by referring to anesthesiologic records and blood delivery sheet at The National Medical Center during the 12 months from January through December in 2002. Average number of transfused units per patient of each operation was selected for MSBOS. RESULTS: For one year, the total number of surgery was 3,204, and transfusion was done in 1095 cases of surgery. Average transfusion rate is 34.4%. In 8 kinds of surgery(275 case, 9.3%), average amount of transfusion was under 0.5 unit and Type and Screen(T&S) is transduced for the elective surgery. Except for Cesarean section(C/S), blood use is decreased significantly, compared with the MSBOS organized at 1994. CONCLUSION: We could revise the guidelines for ordering blood on the basis of above results. And MSBOS should be revised at regular intervals, which can decrease blood disuse and medical cost.
Appointments and Schedules* ; Blood Banks ; Erythrocytes ; Humans

We report here the results of surveys for external quality assessment of blood bank tests performed in 2004. Response rates for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trial were 96.4%, 96.8%, and 96.8%, respectively. Test items for the surveys were ABO grouping, Rh(D) typing, crossmatching, direct antiglobulin test, antibody screening and identification test. The average accuracy rates of ABO grouping and Rh typing were in the range of 100% and 100%, respectively. In crossmatching test, the accuracy rates were 96.2-97.8% for the compatible samples, 75.5-90.6% for the incompatible samples, and 75.5-90.6% for the samples which could be detected as incompatible only by antiglobulin method. The accuracy rates of direct antiglobulin test were 98.8-100% for negative samples and 87.3-98.8% for positive samples. The correct results were reported by 98.8-100% of the surveyed institutions for antibody screening test and 100% for identification test. Forty six institutions gave repeatedly incorrect answers for crossmatching. Nine institutions out of them gave incorrect answers for all the test specimens sent out 3 times last year.
Blood Banks* ; Coombs Test ; Korea* ; Mass Screening

We report here the results of surveys for external quality assessment of blood bank tests performed in 2005. Response rates for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trial were 97.0%, 96.8%, and 97.1% respectively. Test items for the surveys were ABO grouping, Rh(D) typing, crossmatching, direct antiglobulin test, antibody screening and identification test. The average accuracy rates of ABO grouping and Rh typing were in the range of 99.5-100% and 99.7-100% respectively. In crossmatching test, the accuracy rates were 94.3-98.2% for the compatible samples, 88.5-92.9% for the incompatible samples, and 88.5-92.9% for the samples which could be detected as incompatible only by antiglobulin method. The accuracy rates of direct antiglobulin test were 98.9-99.3% for negative samples and 89.2-96.9% for positive samples. The correct results were reported by 98.3-100% of the surveyed institutions for antibody screening test and 98.9-100% for identification test. Seventeen institutions gave repeatedly incorrect answers for crossmatching. Thirteen institutions out of them gave incorrect answers for all the test specimens sent out 3 times last year.
Blood Banks* ; Coombs Test ; Korea* ; Mass Screening