No abstract available.
Blinking ; Meningioma* ; Trigeminal Neuralgia*

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a signal processing algorithm to separate independent sources from unknown mixed signals and can be applied to separate artifacts and independent neural sources from EEG recordings. This study was designed to extract individual components of eyeball movements from scalp EEG. Digital EEG signals were recorded using the international 10-20 system during eye closure, eye opening, and blinking. 18 EEG tracings using bipolar montage were analyzed by ICA algorithm into 18 independent components. Each of the components was reviewed, selected, and reconstructed into an original montage. Among 18 components, two components which were thought to represent eyeball movements were obtained. Each of the components was inversely projected into the original bipolar montage. This inverse projection showed separated vertical and horizontal eyeball movements components. These results suggest that the ICA analysis of EEG can separate vertical and horizontal eyeball movements and may be applied to separate other EEG artifacts and source signals from unknown mixed sources recordings of EEG.
Artifacts ; Blinking ; Electroencephalography ; Scalp

The habituation of early (R1) and late response (R2) of blink reflex was investigated in 44 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 19 control subjects. The latency, duration and area of R1 and R2 components of blink reflex in single stimulation, and the percentage recovery of R1 in paired stimulation were not different between patients and control subjects. However, in PD patients, the latency of R2 evoked by test stimuli was shorter than that of conditioning stimuli, and the percentage recovery of R2 habituation was increased as compared to that of control subjects. The degree of early recovery of R2 habituation was slightly more evident in advanced PD patients and nonmedicated patients than that of control subjects. In addition, the early recovery of R2 was present in the test of asymptomatic side of PD patients. Our results suggests that blink reflex may be used as a method of evaluating the clinical status of PD patients.
Blinking* ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease*

PURPOSE: As the evaluation of the preoperative sensibility in the orbitozygomatic complex fracture, used by most surgeons, depends on the patient's subjective judgements, it is difficult to make generalization and to use it as an objective evaluation method. We used the blink reflex study to objectively evaluate injury to the infraorbital nerve. METHODS: From December 2008 to November 2009, a total of 16 patients underwent the patient's subjective report on sensory symptoms and the blink reflex study preoperatively. Among patients having orbitozygomatic complex fracture of type III or more according to Henderson's classification and simultaneously suspected as being injured along the infraorbital nerve pathway, patients who had difficulty in checking preoperative sensibility and said 'normal sensibility' were selected as candidates. RESULTS: Fifteen patients showed abnormal R1 on the fracture side. These results suggested that most of patients had injury to the infraorbital nerve. CONCLUSION: Contrary to the existing tests, the blink reflex study is a useful diagnostic tool in reflecting injury to the infraorbital nerve objectively.
Blinking ; Generalization (Psychology) ; Humans

No abstract available.
Blinking ; Infarction ; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases

No abstract available.
Blinking* ; Diplopia ; Miller Fisher Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Blinking* ; Cerebellopontine Angle* ; Neuroma, Acoustic*

No abstract available.
Blinking* ; Cerebellopontine Angle* ; Neuroma, Acoustic*

No abstract available.
Blinking* ; Facial Nerve* ; Hemifacial Spasm*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS(R)) instrument for the assessment of dry eye syndrome. METHODS: Dynamic recording of double-pass (DP) retinal images was performed in 1 eye dry eye patients (20 eyes) and in healthy controls (20 eyes) for 20 seconds after eye blinking. RESULTS: The mean objective scatter Index (OSI) value was 4.53 in dry eyes, 0.67 in healthy eyes and the standard deviation of OSI was 1.20 in dry eyes and 1.18 in healthy eyes. The patients with dry eyes showed significantly higher mean OSI and standard deviation values. Ocular scatter increased over time and significant changes occurred 13.5 seconds after blinking. The difference in OSI value between 0 second and 20 seconds was significantly greater in dry eye patients (4.15) than in controls (0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Ocular scatter increased over time after blinking. The dry eye patients had larger and more variable ocular scatter index than the controls. OQAS(R) may be useful to detect and follow-up tear film-related patient complaints in dry eye syndrome.
Blinking ; Dry Eye Syndromes* ; Humans ; Retinaldehyde ; Tears