Coronary artery anomalies are often discovered incidentally during cardiac catheterization or computed tomography coronary angiography and may involve the affected coronary artery origin and its course. Coronary artery anomalies are associated with congenital heart disease. The affected coronary arteries may have an unusual high take off origin, origin from contralateral or non-coronary sinus, origin from the pulmonary artery, single coronary system or coronary artery fistula.
Bland White Garland Syndrome

Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly. The mortality rate among infants and children without operation has been eighty to ninety-five percents and few patients survive till teen-age or adulthood. This anomaly was detected during elective coronary angiogram in a 32 year-old female patient with atypical chest pain. Reversible ischemia was demonstrated on myocardial 201Tl-SPECT. Coronary angiogram revealed anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.
Adult* ; Bland White Garland Syndrome ; Chest Pain ; Child ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Ischemia ; Mortality ; Pulmonary Artery

An anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery(Bland-White-Garland syndrome) is a rare congenital malformation and sometimes fatal. It is caused by an abberant endothelial budding from or an anomalous division of the truncus arteriosus. Echocardiography (transthoracic and transesophageal) and angiographical imaging are essential for the diagnosis of this anomaly. Corrective Surgery is recommended due to its fatal natural course. A case was diagnosed in a 45-year-old man who presented with intermittent palpitation. This patient was successfully treated with closure of anomalous left coronary artery orifice combined with right saphenous vein graft anastomosis.
Bland White Garland Syndrome ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Saphenous Vein ; Transplants ; Truncus Arteriosus

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) has rarely been reported on in adults because 90% of the untreated infants die in the first year of life. We report here on a case of ALCAPA that was detected in a 41-year-old woman and she was successfully treated by direct re-implantation of the anomalous coronary artery into the aorta.
Adult* ; Aorta ; Bland White Garland Syndrome ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Pulmonary Artery*

Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery(ALCAPA) is a rare fatal congenital anormaly that needs early surgical intervention. Many reports say that the choice of operative procedure is reimplantation of the left coronary artery into the ascending aorta. We experienced the surgical management of a case of the ALCAPA. The patient was 44 days old and 3.45 kg weighed female baby who had a symptom of congestive heart failure. She underwent implantation of coronary artery on the aorta with cardiopulmonary bypass and recovered without any complications.
Aorta ; Bland White Garland Syndrome ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Replantation ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare coronary artery anomaly and double right coronary artery (RCA) is a very rare coronary anomaly. Because patients with ALCAPA usually die within 1 year of being born due to myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure, ALPACA is very rarely seen in adults. Here, we report an extremely rare asymptomatic case of MI, presumably caused by ALCAPA and double RCA, and provide a review of the literature. This is the first reported case of coronary artery anomaly that had both ALCAPA and double RCA.
Adult ; Bland White Garland Syndrome ; Camelids, New World ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; Coronary Vessels ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Pulmonary Artery

The congenital anomalous origin of the left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery, or the Bland-White-Garland syndrome, is uncommon but frequently lethal lesion of both children and adults. In several series, it has a frequency of 0.26-0.46% of all congenital cardiac defects. The mortality rate among infants and children without operation has been eighty to ninety percent. Survival to teen-age and adult has been infrequent ; review of the literature regarding this anomaly in Korean disclosed only 3 cases in infants and children and 2 cases in adults. In a 45-year-old male with palpitation and effort angina, the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery was diagnosed by echocardiogram and coronary arteriography.
Adult ; Angiography ; Bland White Garland Syndrome ; Child ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Pulmonary Artery

An anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (LCA )from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA syndrome )or Bland-White-Garland syndrome is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. We report a 65-year old female patient who presented with atypical chest discomfort. Coronary angiography and three-dimensional multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography demonstrated the ectatic right coronary artery (RCA )arising from the aorta, rich collaterals from the RCA to LCA and the ectatic tortuous LCA that originated from the pulmonary trunk.
Aged* ; Aorta ; Bland White Garland Syndrome ; Collateral Circulation ; Coronary Angiography* ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Humans ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: For the surgical management of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), there have been various techniques that reduce the tension and kinking of the coronary artery during reimplantation to the aorta. The aim of this study is to describe the results of our modified technique of coronary reimplantation for the treatment of ALCAPA. METHODS: Between October 2003 and February 2011, seven patients underwent coronary reimplantation with the modified technique (tubing formation with the sinus wall of the pulmonary artery and trapdoor formation at the site of implantation in the aorta). The median follow-up duration was 52 months (range, 4 to 72 months). Clinical outcomes and serial echocardiographic data were reviewed. RESULTS: There was no mortality. One patient had a small amount of cerebral hemorrhage postoperatively and improved without any sequelae. Another patient had left diaphragm palsy and underwent diaphragm plication. Follow-up echocardiogram showed that all patients had normal ventricular function without chamber enlargement. CONCLUSION: Our modified technique (tubing formation with the sinus wall of the pulmonary artery and trapdoor formation at the site of implantation in the aorta) demonstrated successful clinical outcomes. We conclude that this surgical technique can be a potential alternative for the treatment of ALCAPA.
Aorta ; Bland White Garland Syndrome ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diaphragm ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Mortality ; Paralysis ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Replantation ; Ventricular Function

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is an extremely rare, potentially fatal, congenital anomaly with a high mortality rate in the first year of life. It occurs rarely in adulthood and may appear with malignant ventricular a rrhythmia or sudden death. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman with ALCAPA who presented with dyspnea on exertion. Management was coronary artery bypass grafting to the left anterior descending artery and obtuse marginal arteries, closure of the left main coronary artery ostium, and reestablishment of the dual coronary artery system.
Arteries ; Bland White Garland Syndrome ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Vessels* ; Death, Sudden ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Pulmonary Artery*