Objective To analyze and discuss the prevention and treatment effect of mupirocin on infection for hemodialysis patients with central venous catheterization (CVC). Methods A total of 114 cases hemodialysis patients receiving CVC in our hospital from July 2013 to July 2014 were randomly divided into two groups. 57 patients in the observation group were given externally mupirocin at the outlet of central venous catheter in addition to conventional medicine. 57 cases in the control group were given only conventional medicine. Healing time, incidence of infection and the total treatment efficiency of the two groups were compared. Results In the observation group, there were 2 cases of internal jugular vein infection with an infection rate of 3.5% and the average catheterization time was (22.42±5.22)d. And there were a total of 3 cases of femoral vein infection with an infection rate of 5.3% and the catheterization time was (19.16±3.13)d. Also there were 2 cases of subclavian vein infection with an infection rate of 3.5%and the catheter-ization time was (29.23±4.92)d;In the control group, there were a total of 6 cases of intravenous infection with an infec-tion rate of 10.5% and the catheterization time was (16.82±4.33)d. And there were 4 cases of femoral vein infection with an infection rate of 7.0% and the catheterization time was (15.26±3.88)d. Also there were 4 cases of subclavian vein infection with an infection rate of 7.0% and the catheterization time was (19.65±4.68)d. There were significant dif-ferences in the treatment outcomes between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Mupirocin application at the outlet of central venous catheter effectively reduces central venous catheter-related infections and increases patient's catheters indwelling time. It is easy for patients to accept, relative cheap and easy to operate, thus its use is worth promoting.