Objectives To reveal the epidemiological trends of leprosy and the achievements of leprosy control in Fujian Province. Methods In the light of methods of Basic Statistics in Handbook of Leprosy Control written by Ma Hai De, each statistic index was analyzed. Results① The incidence and detection rate decreased from 0.782/10 000 and 1.231/10 000 in the period of 1955～ 1959 to 0.036/10 000 in the period of 1990～ 1994 and to 0.033/10 000 in the period of 1995～ 1998 respectively;② prevalence dropped from the highest of 0.65‰ in 1959 to 0.007‰ in 1998;③ with the elapse of time, the average age at onset showed a shift to advance age group, and incidence of leprosy in children decreased dramatically;④ the ratio of MB to PB was higher in early period and in late period than that in middle period, and the male ratio of MB to PB was always higher than female ratio;⑤ the average disease duration reduced, and the disability rate of new cases decreased. Conclusion Through the comprehensive measures against leprosy, the endemic of this disease in Fujian Province has been evidently under control.

Fufang Ganning(FGN)is an oral liquid,consisting of 8 kinds of chinese herbs including Radix Astragali,Radix Salviae Multiorrhizae,Radix Curcumae,Rhizoma Polygonati,etc.It was found to be effective in protecting against experimental acute hepatic damage caused by CC14,TAA and D-Glan in mice,FGN could reduce ALT and retention of BSP,and histopathological chan- ges revealed that the hepatic injury induced by CC14 in animals received FGN was much less severe than those of the control ones.It could also lower ALT and serum bilirubin in mouse and rat models with hepatic injury caused by ?- isothioeyanate.On the other hand,in the animal models with cirrhosis induced by CC14,FGN could not only cut down ALT but also lessen the degeneration and necrosis of hepatic cells and cirrhotic changes.Meanwhile,FGN could significantly increase the clearance index of carbon particles(phagocytic func- tion)and serum hemolysin in normal mice.It is concluded that FGN has the effects of protecting liver from damage and enhancing the immune function.

Objective To investigate the role of PPAR-γ in the gene expression of T-bet/GATA-3 in Jurkat T cells,and to explore the mechanisms underling this sensitizing effect of the change of TH cell subpopulation group.Methods Jurkat T cells were stimulated with PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone.TH cell related cytokine IFN-γ and IL-10 was detected by ELISA,and the expression of transcription factors(T-bet and GATA-3)mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.To prove the PPAR-γ-dependent effect.the PPAR-γ-specific antagonist GW9662 was used.Results Stimulated with agonist PPAR-γpioglitazone.the concentration of IFN-γ and IL-10 and the expression of transcription factor T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA were both significantlY decreased in Jurkat T cells obviously,and these actions were dependent on the time and the concentrations of pioglitazone.Added with antagonist GW9662 at the same time,such inhibitory actions of IFN-γ and T-bet expression were recovered.but not IL-10 and GATA-3.Conclusion Pioglitazone can inhibite T cells proliferation and their secretion of cytokines.Pioglitazone can inhibit TH1 cells from secreting cytokines,and it is a PPAR-γ-dependent effect related to T-bet.The inhibition on TH2 is not a PPAR-γ-dependent effect and it is GATA-3 related.

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on neurological function, and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factorκB (NF-κB) protein in ischemic penumbra after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury. Methods A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=12), model group (n=12) and EA group (n=12). The later two groups were occluded their right middle cerebral arteries for two hours and reperfused. The EA group was pretreated with EA at Baihui (GV20) for two weeks before modeling. They were assessed with modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS), the injury in ischemic brain was detected with HE staining, and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB protein in ischemic penumbra were detected with Western blotting, 24 hours after reperfusion. Results The score of mNSS decreased (P<0.05), the injury of brain tissue ameliorated, and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB decreased in ischemic penumbra (P<0.05) in EA group compared with those in the model group. Conclu-sion EA pretreatment can reduce the injury and improve the neurological function in rats after CIR by down-regulating the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB protein in ischemic penumbra.

Objective To explore the clinical and electrophysiological features and pulmonary function of 8 Chinese patients with Kennedy's disease (KD) and to enhance the understanding for the disease.Methods Eight patients with KD,admitted to out hospital from July 2010 to December 2013 and confirmed by gene examination,were chosen in our study; their clinical and electrophysiological features,and laboratory characteristics and pulmonary function were compared with those in the healthy volunteers.Results The average age of onset in the 8 patients was (45.13±17.47) years,and the average age of diagnosis was (55.63±12.11) years.The most common complaint was leg weakness.All patients presented hemifacial spasm,tongue muscle atrophy and fibrillation,amyotrophy and gynaecomastia; creatine kinase level was elevated and endocrine disorder appeared in different degrees.The electromyogram characteristics included widespread neurogenic changes accompanied with/without sensory or motor conduction abnormalities.The forced vital capacity,forced expiratory volume in first second,maximal voluntary ventilation and peak expiratory flow rate were significantly lower,and the residual volume in the KD patients was statistically higher than that in the healthy volunteers (P＜0.05).Respiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory pressure and maximum expiratory pressure) decreased in the KD patients.Conclusion KD is a degenerative disease with slow clinical progression which has its own characteristics of inheritance pattern and natural course; the age of onset,repeat number of CAG sequences,pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength may be valuable for illness evaluation.

The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was applied to detect the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) specific target cDNA fragments in the present study. The target cDNA fragments of SARS-CoV were synthesized artificially according to the genome sequence of SARS-CoV in GenBank submitted by The Chinese University of Hong Kong, and were used as simulated positive samples. Five primers recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) were used to amplify the fragments by single PCR and multiplex PCR. Three target cDNA fragments (121, 182 and 302 bp), as well as the three different combinations of any two of these fragments, were amplified by single PCR. The combination of these three fragments was amplified by multiplex PCR. The results indicated that the multiplex PCR technique could be applied to detect the SARS-CoV specific target cDNA fragments successfully.
Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; SARS Virus ; genetics

Objective To observe humoral and cellular immune responses induced in mice by a TSOL18 recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis (MS) vaccine of Taenia solium.Methods Sixty specific pathogen-free (SPF) Kunming mice (18-22 g,half male and half female) were divided into 3 groups by random number table method,20 mice in each group.One group was administered with recombinant MS-TSOL18 vaccine,one group was administered with MS as control,and one group was administered phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as control.Kunming mice were vaccinated once every two weeks for 2 times through intragastric administration.At 0,2,4,6,and 8 weeks after immunization,blood sample was collected and serum was separated.The levels of IgG and IgG2a in serum were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The spleen was separated to prepare spleen suspension.The proliferation of spleen lymphocyte with the stimulation of a specific antigen was detected by CCK-8.The levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 in spleen cell culture supernatant with the stimulation of a specific antigen were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with MS control group (IgG:0.160 ± 0.019,0.187 ± 0.038,0.193 ± 0.050,0.170 ± 0.005;IgG2a:0.213 ± 0.010,0.198 ± 0.012) and PBS control group (IgG:0.159 ± 0.015,0.184 ± 0.029,0.191 ± 0.025,0.165 ± 0.018;IgG2a:0.198 ± 0.032,0.178 ± 0.025),the levels of specific IgG (0.310 ± 0.034,0.391 ± 0.029,0.443 ± 0.030,0.373 ± 0.021) in recombinant MS-TSOL18 vaccine group increased at 2,4,6,and 8 weeks after immunization (P ＜ 0.05),the levels of specific IgG2a (0.446 ± 0.056,0.339 ± 0.026) in recombinant MS-TSOL18 vaccine group increased at 6 and 8 weeks after immunization (P ＜ 0.05),and reached the highest level by the 6th week.After antigen stimulation,compared with MS and PBS control groups,the levels of spleen lymphocyte proliferation increased at 2,4,6,and 8 weeks after immunization (P ＜ 0.05),and reached the highest level by the 6th week.After antigen stimulation,compared with MS and PBS control groups,the levels of IL-2 and IL-4 in spleen lymphocyte culture supernatant increased at 2,4,6,and 8 weeks after immunization (P ＜ 0.05),and reached the highest level by the 6th and 4th weeks,respectively.Conclusion The recombinant MS-TSOL18 vaccine of Taenia solium might induce mice to produce humoral and cellular immune responses.

We expressed B cell epitopes of dengue virus envelope protein and NS1 protein in prokaryotic cells,and purified and evaluated for its serological activities.A recombinant multi-epitope chimeric gene named rE including eight B cell epitopes was connected by linker peptide (EAAAK)2 and cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+),and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) cells for expression under induction of IPTG.The expressed recombinant protein was purified with 6× His purification media,and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot,and its antigenicity was analyzed by using an indirect ELISA assay.The recombinant expression vector pET28a-rE was constructed and expressed in BL21 (DE3) successfully,but the recombinant proteins mainly appeared as inclusion bodies.The target protein was obtained with high purity through the purification of affinity chromatography.SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that the molecular weight of fusion protein was in the expected line.The established indirect ELISA has high accuracy.This recombinant peptide antigen expressed in E.coli has good potential for serum testing.

Teaching level is the core of teaching quality monitoring.Students' feedback to the quality ofteaching will help teachers to reflect and rectify the related factors of their teaching,so as to achieve the purpose of improving teaching quality.We have always insisted on doing this work.However,there are inconveniences in the "paper version" of the survey:complicated preparations and operations,inconvenient storage,and labor and material costs.Combined with the actual situation in our department,we are trying to reform and explore the digital survey for teaching quality ofhuman parasitology.Teachers will put the issue on the network,students can evaluate it at anytime,anywhere,and the platform automatically organize the information and quickly feed back to the teachers.The novel and effectiveway has been well received by students and teachers.

Objective To explore the association between diabetes mellitus type Ⅱ (DM) and deglutition function of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients.Methods Seventy-five ALS patients older than 45 years and admitted to our hospital from August 2008 to November 2015 were selected into this study;67 of them were without DM and 8 were with DM.Water swallow test,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis severity scale-swallow (s-ALSSS),amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale (ALSFR-R) and videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFS) were performed to evaluate the deglutition functions of these ALS patients with or without DM,and the results of the two groups were compared.Results (1) Patients with DM had significantly higher s-ALSSS scores,ingurgitation part in ALSFRS-R scores and in parts of VFS scores,such as transportation to pharyngeal,pharyngeal transit,flow into pharyngeal before reflexion,epiglottic vallecula residue,and piriform sinus residue than patients without DM (8.88±1.34 vs.7.54±1.47,3.50±0.54 vs.2.96±0.77,2.88±0.35 vs.2.16±0.69,2.75±0.46 vs.2.09±0.69,2.88±0.35 vs.2.42±0.56,2.88±0.35 vs.2.39±0.58,P＜0.05).(2) Scores of Kubota drinking test,ALSFRS-R,VGF (including oral phase,pharyngeal phase and aspiration degree) in patients without DM were 2.15±1.12,7.18±1.41(1.78±0.69,1.69±0.60 and 3.72±0.65),and those in patients with DM were 1.88±1.34,8.00±0.93(2.13±0.64,2.00±0.53 and 4.00±0.00);no significant differences were noted between the two groups (P＞0.05),but there was a trend showing that DM patients had higher scores in these evaluations.Conclusion As compared with ALS patients without DM,ALS patients with DM get more mildly impaired deglutition function.