Objective: To investigate the relationship between fine motor skills and executive function in school aged boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aged 6-10 years, so as to provide a reference for promoting executive function. Methods: From November 2022 to May 2021,65 boys with ADHD were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Beijing and a public elementary school in Beijing, and 65 boys with typical development according to age and sex were recruited as controls. Children s fine motor skills were assessed using the movement assessment battery for children, second version (MABC-2), and children s inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were assessed using the Stroop color word test (SCWT), Rey osterrich complex figure test (ROCFT) and trail making test (TMT), respectively. Independent samples t-tests were used to analyze the differences between the two groups, and Pearson correlation analysis and stratified regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between fine motor skills and executive functioning in boys with ADHD. Results: In the fine motor skills test, boys with ADHD scored significantly lower (8.68±3.62) than control boys (11.22±2.27)( t =4.80, P <0.05); in the executive function test, the results of SCWT, ROCFT, and TMT tests were significantly worse in boys with ADHD than in normal boys ( t =-4.53-4.42, P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the fine motor skill scores of boys with ADHD were negatively correlated with the number of word sense errors ( r =-0.35) and color errors ( r =-0.42), and positively correlated with memory scores for delayed structure ( r =0.30) and detail ( r =0.25), which were negatively correlated with TMT-A ( r =-0.34),TMT-B reaction time ( r =-0.26), number of errors ( r =-0.43) ( P <0.05). Stratified regression analysis showed that fine motor skill scores of boys with ADHD were predictive of test results for inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility, with explanatory rates of 15%, 7%, and 19%, respectively. Conclusion Fine motor skills in boys with ADHD are correlated with executive functions, and fine motor skills could predict inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility to some extent. The development of fine motor skills in boy with ADHD could promote their executive functions.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the cognition and emotional response of the public in Zhejiang province during the epidemic of human H7N9 avian influenza and provide scientific support for group psychological intervention under public health emergency.

METHODS57 communities in 19 counties from Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Lishui district of Zhejiang province were selected as survey sites using stratified clustered sampling method from March, 2013 to April, 2014. 2 319 ordinary civilians were chosen using convenience sampling method and 390 individuals who had close contact history with H7N9 avian influenza patients, 109 family members of patients and 281 medical workers, were selected using census method. The inclusion criteria for subjects were: subjects aged over 10 years; could complete the questionnaire independently or with the help of the investigators. A total of 2 709 subjects were surveyed by avian influenza risk perception and response questionnaire, negative emotion questionnaire was also used to see their cognition and negative emotion related to the disease. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the interrelationship between public risk perception, response and negative emotions.

RESULTS95.10% (2 576)of the subjects have sensed the risk of epidemic and 91.00% (2 465) of the subjects have taken preventive measures in 2 709 subjects. The positive rate for depression, neurasthenia, fear, anxiety and hypochondriasis were 36.40% (986) , 37.21% (1 008) , 79.70% (2 159) , 33.41% (905) , 27.69% (750) respectively (χ(2)=1 935.89, P<0.001) ;the P(50)(P(25)-P(75)) of the depression scores of patients' family members, medical workers and the general public were 0.50 (0.00-0.83), 0.17 (0.00-0.67), 0.17 (0.00-0.50) (H= 7.27, P=0.03) ; the neurasthenia scores were 0.20 (0.00-0.60), 0.2 (0.00-0.40), 0.00 (0.00-0.20) (H= 64.74, P<0.001) ; fear scores were 0.83 (0.33-1.17), 0.33 (0.17-0.67), 0.33 (0.17-0.83) (H=30.03, P< 0.001) ; anxiety scores were 0.17(0.00-0.50), 0.00(0.00-0.33), 0.00(0.00-0.17) (H=51.82, P<0.001). The neurasthenia, fear, anxiety scores (P(50)(P(25)-P(75))) for females among the public were 0.00(0.00-0.20), 0.50(0.17-0.83), 0.00(0.00-0.17), which were higher than those of male's (0.00(0.00-0.20), 0.33(0.00-0.67), 0.00(0.00-0.17)) (χ(2) values were 5.26, 27.52, 8.29, P<0.05); Among medical staff, the depression, neurasthenia, fear, anxiety and hypochondriasis scores for females were 0.33(0.00-0.67), 0.20(0.00-0.40), 0.50(0.17-0.83), 0.00(0.00-0.33), 0.00(0.00-0.50) respectively, which were higher than those of males'(0.00(0.00-0.50), 0.00(0.00-0.40), 0.33(0.17-0.50), 0.00(0.00-0.17), 0.00(0.00-0.00))(χ(2) values were 7.22, 7.97, 14.46, 4.93, 5.22, P<0.05); for the family members of the patients who were in poor mental conditions when doing self-assessment, their depression and neurasthenia scores were 0.50(0.08-0.96), 0.30(0.00-0.55), which were higher than those of people in good mental conditions (0.17(0.00-0.83), 0.20(0.00-0.60)) (χ(2) values were 12.95, 11.20, P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the subjects' risk perception level was positively correlated with depression, neurasthenia, fear, and hypochondriasis, with the correlation coefficients 0.07, 0.07, 0.08, 0.04, respectively (P<0.05) ; the subjects' risk response level was also positively related with depression, neurasthenia, fear, anxiety and hypochondriasis, and the correlation coefficients were 0.09, 0.09, 0.12, 0.05, 0.04, respectively (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe general public was highly concerned about the epidemic of H7N9 avian influenza and developed certain levels of negative emotions. The female, equal or over 60 years old, those with poor educational level, agricultural related occupation and poor physical and psychology health were risk factors of disease related negative emotions. The subject's risk perception and response level was positively related with depression, neurasthenia, fear and hypochondriasis.

Anxiety ; China ; Depression ; Epidemics ; Family ; Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; psychology ; Male ; Neurasthenia ; Occupations ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To examine the developmental trajectory of fine motor ability in schoolage children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for two years, so as to provide scientific evidence to promote motor development in ADHD children. Methods: From April to June 2019, 31 children aged 6-8 years old were selected from a public elementary school. They were diagnosed with ADHD by two psychiatric professionals according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) criteria. Additionally, 31 typical developmental children, matched for age, sex and IQ with the ADHD group, were recruited as the control group. Fine motor ability was assessed with tasks of hand manual dexterity in Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MACB-2), and a followup assessment was conducted from April to June 2021. The development changes of fine motor ability between two groups of children were compared by using t test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Between baseline and followup periods after two years, the total score of hand fine motor in the ADHD group did not show significant improvement (7.4±3.0, 8.0±3.4; t=-1.05, P>0.05), while there was a small effect size improvement in typically developing control group (9.5±2.1, 10.5±2.4; t=-2.12, effect size=0.38, P<0.05). Followup after two years, coin/peg throwing scores with dominant hand improved between ADHD group and control group (7.0±3.3, 9.5±3.2; 8.4±2.8, 11.6±1.6) (t=-3.74, -6.33, P<0.01; effect size=0.67, 1.14), with a smaller improvement in the ADHD group. The score for threading beads/threads decreased in between ADHD group and control group (7.9±2.4, 5.8±3.1; 9.2±1.1, 8.2±1.9) (t=3.89, 2.78, P<0.01; effect size=0.70, 0.50), with a greater decrease in the ADHD group. Conclusions The development speed of fine motor ability in children with ADHD aged 6-8 is slow and continues to lag behind normal developmental children. Fine motor development in children with ADHD should be closely monitored, and targeted interventions should be implemented when necessary.

BACKGROUND:Extracellular vesicles are secreted into the extracellular milieu by a wide range of cell types,including tumor cells,under different physiological and pathophysiological conditions,where a wide range of biological signals and cell-to-cell signaling exists.Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles may exacerbate cancer progression,survival,invasion,and promote angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS:Literature search was performed by the first author in PubMed,WanFang,CNKI and other databases with the keywords"EVs,oral squamous cell carcinoma,diagnosis and treatment,biopsy,tissue engineering"in Chinese and English.Finally,63 articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In oral squamous carcinoma saliva biopsies,extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by acting as an information transfer tool between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment,carrying a wide range of biomolecules including soluble proteins,lipids,DNA,and RNA.These tiny vesicles not only play a key role in tumor growth and spread,but also provide important information about the biological properties of the tumor.(2)Saliva biopsy,as a non-invasive diagnostic method,can open up new possibilities for early diagnosis and targeted treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma by analyzing the extracellular vesicles therein.(3)It has been found that bioactive molecules,such as microRNAs(miRNAs)and specific proteins,contained within extracellular vesicles can serve as biomarkers for oral squamous carcinoma and improve the accuracy of early diagnosis.Specific proteins in extracellular vesicles such as EHD2,CAVIN1,PF4V1,and CXCL7 show potential as novel predictive biomarkers.(4)In addition,this paper highlights the potential application of extracellular vesicles in the treatment of oral squamous carcinoma.Through engineering modifications,extracellular vesicles can serve as a new generation of nanoscale drug delivery systems to enhance the efficiency and specificity of targeted tumor therapy.(5)Future studies will further explore the effect and mechanism of extracellular vesicles in oral squamous cell carcinoma,which is expected to improve patients'survival and quality of life.

OBJECTIVETo identify and assess the potential public health risks of emergency events of infectious disease in the surrounding areas of Hangzhou during the 11th G20 summit, and to assess their impacts on the G20 summit.

METHODSThe surrounding cities of Hangzhou included Ningbo, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou, Zhoushan, Taizhou and Lishui. Background information on infectious diseases in Zhejiang province was collected, and the brainstorming and expert consultation methods were used to identify the risks. The local risks and the impact of local risks on the G20 summit were assessed.

RESULTSThe criteria for public health risk was first established. Through the assessments,a total of 27 kinds of infectious diseases in 4 types of public health risks were identified. The impact of these risks on Hangzhou G20 summit was divided into 1 item of high-risk, 12 items of medium risk and 14 items of low risk.According to the results of risk assessment, the recommendations for risk management of respiratory infectious diseases, intestinal infectious diseases, imported infectious diseases like Middle East respiratory syndrome and other infectious diseases were made. With risk management, Middle East respiratory syndrome was not occurred during the G20 summit, and the epidemic situation of other infectious diseases with middle or low risks was almost the same with that of past years.

CONCLUSIONSsThe public health risks of Hangzhou G20 summit from sudden infectious diseases in outlying areas are mainly medium and low risks. The recommendations on risk management provide a basis for reducing the adverse consequences of public health risks in the event of an outbreak of infectious diseases, avoiding the impact of various risk factors in the outlying areas on G20 summit.

Communicable Diseases ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Risk Assessment