Objective To investigate the anatomic landmarks during the exposure of thalamus via the transcorpus callosal ventricle approach between microscope and endoscope to provide an anatomic foundation for clinical application. Methods The transcorpus callosal ventricle approach to expose the thalamus was simulated in selected 6 (12 sides) red and blue latex-perfused cadaver head specimens. The anatomic structures of four stages-interhemispheric, septum pellu?cidum cavity, lateral ventricle and third ventricle were examined by microscope and endoscope and relevant anatomic date was obtained during the process. Results Both microscope and endoscope could show the anatomic structures clear?ly during the interhemispheric and septum pellucidum cavity stages. The major landmarks of the interhemispheric cavity included callosal margin artery, cingulate sulcus, pericallosal artery and corpus callosum, and landmarks of septum pellu?cidum cavity included the septum pellucidum and body of fornix. Lateral ventricle stage-the major landmarks contained foramen of monro, septum vein, thalamus striatum vein, choroid plexus, body of fornix and body of caudate nucleus. The blind field under microscope such as anterior part of frontal horn (25.7mm±1.7mm vs. 14.2mm±1.2mm, P<0.05), lateral part (1/3) (12.1mm ± 0.7mm vs. 7.0mm ± 0.9mm, P<0.05) and posterior part (2/5) (28.8mm ± 1.4mm vs. 18.7mm ± 1.4mm, P<0.05) of thalamus could be made up by endoscope. Third ventricle stage-neither microscope nor endoscope could show the medial part of thalamus effectively due to the restriction of fornix and internal cerebral vein. Conclusions The anatomic landmarks can be identified during the exposure of thalamus via the transcorpus callosal ventricle approach. The coordination of microscope and endoscope can be helpful to identify eloquent structures and make up blind surgical field.