No abstract available.
Insect Bites and Stings*

Most insects have a stinging apparatus at the tail end of their abdominal segment and can deliver venom. The venom can usually result in pain, erythema, abscess, or allergic reaction in human tissues such as the skin and even the lips. The presentation of lip abscess, especially in the vermilion, is rare and needs to be appropriately managed. A 39-year-old prediabetic male presented with a swollen right lower lip stung by an insect six days before the consult. The swelling started as a vesicle which became bigger, then burst, exuding a yellowish fluid and blood. The swollen area became more significant, and pain was felt. The clinical presentation was that of a lower lip abscess. Adequate antibiotics were prescribed along with a corticosteroid and a topical antiseptic. The treatment was essential to prevent the dissemination of infection and the likelihood of tissue necrosis. This case report is presented as a rare clinical case of a lower lip abscess due to an insect sting with spontaneous drainage after treatment in a prediabetic male. The dentist and clinician needed to identify this condition and to manage the case properly.
Insect Bites and Stings

Reactions to Hymenoptera insect stings are common. While most are self-limited, some induce systemic allergic reactions or anaphylaxis. Prompt recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of these reactions are important for improving quality-of-life and reducing the risk of future sting reactions. This review summarizes the current recommendations to diagnose and treat Hymenoptera sting induced allergic reactions and highlights considerations for various populations throughout the world.
Anaphylaxis ; Bites and Stings ; Hymenoptera ; Hypersensitivity ; Insect Bites and Stings ; Insects

No abstract available.
Bites and Stings ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: Various modalities are available to treat warts, but surgical or destructive treatments are problematic in children and intolerable patients because these modalities are painful and frightening. For these reasons, some treatment strategies, such as keratolytic, caustic, and immunomodulatory agents, to reduce pain and discomfort are under investigation. OBJECTIVE: This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 85% formic acid for the treatment of warts. METHODS: Twenty patients with 52 lesions of warts were included. Formic acid was applied to the warts using stick 1 to 5 times according to the degree of response. This procedure was repeated at 2-6 day-intervals until the lesions disappeared. Assessment for response and the occurrence of side-effects was performed every visit until clinical cure or up to a maximum of 10 weeks RESULTS: Twenty-six of 52 (50%) lesions showed complete clearance. Fifteen (29%) showed partial clearance-good, which is a >50% reduction in wart size, and 10 (19%) showed partial clearance-poor, which is a <50% reduction. Only one(2%) showed no response. The number of treatments required for the warts to disappear was 1-9 (mean 5). Seven patients reported adverse effects, such as pain, stinging, nail discoloration, and erythema, but were generally mild and transient. CONCLUSION: 85% formic acid is a relatively safe and effective alternative in the treatment of warts with few side-effects and good compliance.
Bites and Stings ; Child ; Compliance ; Erythema ; Humans ; Warts*

Reactions from stinging insects are significant to dermatologists because of the wide variety of clinical presentations from mild local reaction to severe anaphylactic reaction. Although ant sting commonly occurs, it has been rarely reported in the literatures. We experienced a unique case with allergic reactions by the ant of the Cremawgaster iw6w urai vagala, subfamily Myrmicinae, family Formicidea, order Hymenoptera that has not been previously reported.
Anaphylaxis ; Ants* ; Bites and Stings* ; Humans ; Hymenoptera ; Hypersensitivity ; Insects

An effective strategy for preventing rabies consists of controlling rabies in the host reservoir with vaccination. Rabies vaccine has proven to be the most effective weapon for coping with this fatal viral zoonotic disease of warm-blooded animals, including human. Natural rabies infection of an individual is always associated with exposure to rabid animals, and the duration of clinical signs can vary from days to months. The incubation period for the disease depends on the site of the bite, severity of injury, and the amount of infecting virus at the time of exposure. The mortality of untreated cases in humans is 100%. Over the last 100 years, various rabies vaccines have been developed and used to prevent or control rabies in animals, such as modified live vaccine, inactivated rabies vaccine, and oral modified live vaccine. These have proved safe and efficacious worldwide. New-generation rabies vaccines, including recombinant rabies virus-based vaccines, vectored vaccines, DNA-based vaccines, and plant vaccines, have been explored to overcome the limitations of conventional rabies vaccines. This article discusses current and next-generation rabies vaccines in animals.
Animals ; Bites and Stings ; Plants ; Rabies ; Rabies Vaccines ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Viruses

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasingly used for superficial skin cancers. However, there have only been a few reports on Bowen's disease treated with PDT in the Korean literature. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of PDT in the treatment of Bowen's disease. METHODS: We treated 20 Bowen's disease lesions in 15 patients using topical PDT containing 5-aminolaevulinic acid and a light-emitting diode device. The light intensity used was 100 mW/cm(2) and the dosage was 140~220 J/cm(2). RESULTS: Complete clearance was achieved in 17 of 20 lesions (85%) after 2~4 treatment sessions. The only side effect was a stinging sensation, which occurred in 5 lesions (20%). CONCLUSION: PDT is a relatively effective and useful alternative therapy for treatment of Bowen's disease.
Bites and Stings ; Bowen's Disease* ; Humans ; Photochemotherapy* ; Sensation ; Skin Neoplasms

Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroa Vacciniforme ; Hypersensitivity ; Insect Bites and Stings

A multicenter post-marketing surveilance study has been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of levocabastine eye drops(0.5mg/ml). Total 340 patients suffering from allergic conjunctivitis(96%) or other similar ophthalmic disorders were participated. Clinical symptoms(itching, hyperemia, tearing and chemosis) were assessed according to a four point scale before treatment and at every visit. Total symptom severity score before therapy, 6.67(N=340), was remarkably decreased to 3.28(N=252) at 1 week, and to 2.39(N=197) at 2 weeks. The physicians rated the application as `very effective` 1.5% of patients. Adverse reactions(10.3%) were limited to ocular irritation like stinging and burning sensation. These events were even lower in children(age< OR =14 yrs) and elderly(age> OR =65 yrs) showing 7.0% and 9.5% respectively. Patients with gepatic, renal impairment and hypertension did not experience any special adverse effects. The overall assessment by physicians showed that the application in 80.9% of the patients was evaluated above `useful`(i.e, `very useful`; 17.1%, `useful`; 63.8%, `slighty useful`; `7.1%). therefore, it was conclued that levocabastine eye drops is a a safe and effective treatment for allergic conjnctivitis and other similar ophthalmic disorders.
Bites and Stings ; Burns ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hypertension ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Sensation