Purpose: This study aimed to explore the knowledge and performance of sleep hygiene among nurses with shift work schedules and examine the influence on sleep disturbance. Methods: A total of 199 shift-work nurses from a tertiary hospital were included in the study. To examine the knowledge and performance of sleep hygiene, the participants were asked to respond to a self-reported survey. To assess sleep disturbance, the General Sleep Disturbance Scale was used. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were applied using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program to analyze the data. Results: Both the knowledge and performance of sleep hygiene among nurses with shift work schedules were measured at a moderate level. Nurses’ knowledge and the performance of sleep hygiene was not significantly associated with sleep disturbance, whereas age, experience with shift-working, and perceived health status were significantly associated. Conclusion Strategies for providing more accurate information and motivating better sleep hygiene would help to enhance sleep hygiene in nurses with shift work schedules. Further studies examining the association of knowledge and the performance of sleep hygiene with sleep disturbances in nurses with shift work schedules are needed.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social exclusion and paranoid ideation, and to explore moderating and mediating effects of depression and self-esteem in that relationship. METHODS: Ninety seven neurosis patients receiving treatment in a psychiatric outpatient setting were selected. Social Exclusion Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, paranoia scale of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used for evaluation. RESULTS: Social exclusion showed highly positive correlation with paranoid ideation, and had significant influence. Among three types of social exclusion, contempt, bullying, and isolation, only isolation showed significant influence on paranoid ideation. Depression showed a partial mediating effect on that relationship indicating that social exclusion affects paranoid ideation not only directly, but also indirectly. On the other hand, self-esteem showed no moderating or mediating effects on that relationship. CONCLUSION: Depression mediates the influence of social exclusion on paranoid ideation. This finding provides an opportunity to decrease paranoid ideation of neurosis patients by not only prescription of antipsychotic agents but also therapeutic approach to social exclusion and depression. An experimental study to verify these findings seems to be needed.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Bullying ; Depression* ; Hand ; Humans ; Negotiating* ; Outpatients ; Paranoid Disorders ; Prescriptions ; Social Isolation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The surgical approach for the removal of inverted papilloma (IP) involving the frontal sinus (FS) depends on the site of tumor origin. This study was designed to determine the appropriate surgical approach according to the site of origin in the FS. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Eleven patients with IPs originating from the FS, who had surgery at the department of ORL-HNS, Pusan National University Hospital from 1998 to 2007, were retrospectively reviewed for the site of tumor origin, surgical approach, recurrence, mode of reoperation, and complications. The mean age was 53.8 years with a male-to-female ratio of 7:4. The average follow-up duration was 35.7 months. RESULTS: The sites of tumor origin were the whole wall (2/11), medial wall (3/11), intersinus septal cell (2/11), lateral wall (1/11), posterior wall (1/11), anterior wall (1/11) and diffuse whole wall with invasion into the opposite sinus (1/11). In the two cases with whole wall involvement, one was treated by an osteoplastic frontal sinus surgery (OPF) and the other by a modified endoscopic Lothrop operation (MEL). The case with diffuse anterior wall origin was treated by OPF. For the two cases with the intersinus septal cell origin, one was reoperated using MEL after recurrence and the other was initially treated with MEL. A recurrent case with the lateral wall origin was reoperated by MEL. IPs originating from the posterior or medial wall were successfully managed by endoscopic surgery /c or /s trephination. CONCLUSION: IPs originating from the FS were successfully managed by the integrated endoscopic-assisted approach to the FS. Especially, MEL was a safe and effective alternative treatment to OPF for IPs originating from the FS.
Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Papilloma, Inverted ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the pneumatization pattern of the frontal recess (FR) in a Korean population. We also determined the correlation between the volume of the agger nasi cell (ANC) and the anterior-to-posterior (A-P) length of the frontal isthmus (FI) and FR. METHODS: Multiplanar paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) images from 105 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery were reviewed. The prevalence of frontal recess cells (FRCs), thickness of the frontal beak (FB), volume of the ANC, A-P length of the FI, and FR were evaluated. RESULTS: The ANC was identified in 96% of the patients and frontal cells (FCs) in 32% (FC type 1, 24.2%; type 2, 4.2%; type 3, 3.1%; and type 4, 0%). The prevalences of frontal bullar, suprabullar, supraorbital ethmoidal, and interfrontal sinus septal cells were 10%, 7.8%, 3.6%, and 6.8%, respectively. The A-P lengths of the FR and FI were 10.1+/-3.1 and 8.4+/-2.9 mm, respectively. The thickness of the FB was 7.8+/-1.8 mm and the volume of the ANC averaged 394.1+/-240.5 mm3. The thickness of the FB did not correlate with the volume of the ANC. In contrast, the A-P length of the FI and FR were positively correlated with the volume of the ANC. CONCLUSION: ANCs and FCs were found in 96% and 32% of the cases in this series. FC type 4 was not seen. What appeared to be FC4 on conventional CT was identified as FBC from reconstructed parasagittal images. A large ANC increased the A-P length of the FI and FR, regardless of the thickness of the FB.
Animals ; Beak ; Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

BACKGROUND: We evaluated physician's management of hypercholesterolemia on the basis of the third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) report of the National Cholesterol Education Program. METHODS: The subjects were, 85 adult patients. The inclusion criteria were follows: outpatients with an initial total cholesterol level of > or =200 mg/dL or HDL-cholesterol <40 mg/dL from October to November in 2002, and those visiting the clinic at least three times for the 12 weeks after the baseline test. We reviewed the patients' cardiovascular risk factors (age, low and high HDL, hypertension, history of coronary heart disease (CHD), and diabetes) and the use of LDL-lowering drugs using hospital records. Smoking status and family history of premature CHD were obtained from 19 patients out of 36 patients without CHD or diabetes by telephone. On the whole, cardiovascular risk in 68 patients was identified. Among the total, 52 patients responded to telephone interview concerning education of therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) provided by a physician. RESULTS: Forty nine (72.1%) of 68 patients were diagnosed as CHD or diabetes. Fifty three (77.9%) showed undesirable LDL that was categorized by the number of cardiovascular risk factors (> or =160 mg/dL for patients with risk factor<2; > or =130 mg/dL for patients with risk factors > or =2; > or =100 mg/dL for patients with CHD or diabetes). In 59.5% of patients with undesirable LDL reported that they did not provide education about TLC and in 40.0% of patients with desirable LDL were provided prescription of LDL- lowering drugs from physicians. Physicians were more likely to prescribe if the patients had more risk factors (P=0.001) and educated patients when they prescribed them (P=0.049). However, physicians did not educate on TLC and did not recheck lipid profile prior to first prescription. CONCLUSION: The physicians did not follow the ATP III guideline for management of hypercholesterolemia. Barriers to comply with these guidelines and ways to eliminate barriers should be found.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adult ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Disease ; Dyslipidemias* ; Education ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Interviews as Topic ; Life Style ; Outpatients* ; Prescriptions ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Telephone

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The reports of normative measurements for inner ear structure using computer-based programs are rare. The purpose of this study was to measure the normative data of the Korean inner ear structures and establish the basic data for diagnosis of congenital inner ear anomaly. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Temporal bone CT of 38 patients (16 men and 22 women) without apparent disease of middle and inner ear, fractures or major disorder such as seizure or tumor were retrospectively reviewed. Fifteen dimensions on axial views and 9 dimensions on coronal views were measured in PACS using pi-view program. The slice thickness of CT was 0.6 mm. RESULTS: From the axial view, the canal diameter of SSCC was 1.09+/-0.15 mm, the bony island width was 5.70+/-0.50 mm, the bony island width of LSCC was 3.99+/-0.58 mm, the cochlear upper turn width & height were each 5.63+/-1.07 and 3.03+/-0.65 mm. The vestibular aqueduct were observed 95.3%. From the coronal view, the cochlear height was 5.14+/-0.36 mm. The length of IAC was significantly longer in male than female (p<0.05) and the opening site of IAC was significantly wider in the left than the right (p<0.05). The upper turn of cochlea in good bone conduction (< or =10 B) had larger width and smaller height than those in poor bone conduction (>10 dB). CONCLUSION: We established the Korean normative measurements of the inner ear structures, which can be used for further diagnosis of the inner ear anomaly.
Bone Conduction ; Cochlea ; Diagnosis ; Ear, Inner* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Temporal Bone* ; Vestibular Aqueduct

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to determine the appropriate surgical approach for the resection of inverted papilloma (IP) involving the maxillary sinus (MS) according to the site of tumor origin in the MS. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Twenty-six patients who underwent surgery from January 2002 to April 2008 for IP originating from the MS were reviewed retrospectively in regard to the type of integrated surgical approach, site of tumor origin in the MS and the follow-up clinical results. RESULTS: Ten cases (38.4%) originated from medial wall of the MS; of these, four EES (endonasal endoscopic surgery), two EMM (endoscopic medial maxillectomy), two EES+CP (canine puncture), and two EES+CLA (Caldwell-Luc's approach) were performed. EES+CP procedure were performed in all three cases (11.5%) of the anterior wall origin. One case (3.8%) that originated from the posterolateral wall was removed by EES+CLA. Four cases (15.3%) originated from the medial-posterolateral wall. Two EES, and one each of EMM and EES+CLA were performed. Three cases (11.5%) originated from the superior-posterolateral wall, of which two cases were removed by EES and the other by EES+CLO (Caldwell-Luc's operation). Two cases of inferior-anterior wall and inferior-posterolateral wall were removed by EES+CLO and EES+CLA, respectively. EES+CLO were performed for three cases of the whole wall origin (11.5%). Two recurrent cases were found in each of EES and EES+CLO. CONCLUSION: IP originated from the MS were successfully managed by EES alone or EES combined with other approaches such as CP, CLA, CLO and EMM. These integrated approaches need to be applied in a gradual manner from less severe to more aggressive cases.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Papilloma, Inverted ; Retrospective Studies

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of six Yukatan minipig brains was performed. The animals were placed in stereotaxic conditions currently used in experiments. To allow for correctpositioning of the animal in the MRI instrument, landmarks were previously traced on the snout of the pig. To avoid movements, animal were anesthetized. The animals were placed in a prone position in a Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5 System with a head coil. Axial T2-weighted and sagittal T1-weighted MRI images were obtained from each pig. Afterwards, the brains of the pigs were fixed and cut into axial sections. Histologic and MR images were compared. The usefulness of this technique is discussed.
Animals ; Brain ; Head ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Nervous System Diseases ; Prone Position ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature