This study was to measure and compare the amount of fluoride, microhardness and solubility of high viscosity glass ionomer and resin-reinforced glass ionomer during 84 days.Fuji IX GP EXTRA, Fuji IX GP, Fuji II LC and Filtek™ Z350XT stored in deionized water for 84 days to measure fluoride release, microhardness and solubility.As a result of measurement of fluoride release, all the glass ionomers showed the highest amount of fluoride release on day 1 and gradually decreased. Fuji IX GP EXTRA showed the highest amount of fluoride release and cumulative release. And Fuji IX GP and Fuji II LC showed no significant difference. Microhardness measurements showed that all experimental groups decreased 1 day after exposure to water. After 84 days, microhardness showed no significant difference between Fuji IX GP EXTRA and Fuji IX GP, and Fuji II LC was the lowest. In the solubility measurement, Fuji IX GP EXTRA, Fuji IX GP, and Fuji II LC increased rapidly to 21 days. After 21 days, there was no significant difference in the three groups. As a result, short term fluoride release affects solubility and microhardness, but long term fluoride release has no correlation.Through this study, the amount of fluoride, microhardness, and solubility of various glass ionomers were evaluated, and these properties could be applied clinically.
Fluorides ; Glass ; Solubility ; Viscosity ; Water

BACKGROUND: In South Korea, the number of cases of dental treatment for the disabled is gradually increasing, primarily at regional dental clinics for the disabled. This study investigated pediatric patients at a treatment clinic for the disabled within a university hospital who received dental treatment under general anesthesia. This data could assist those that provide dental treatment for the disabled and guide future treatment directions and new policies. METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of 263 cases in which patients received dental treatment under general anesthesia from January 2011 to May 2016. The variables examined were gender, age, reason for anesthesia, type of disability, time under anesthesia, duration of treatment, type of procedure, treatment details, and annual trends in the use of general anesthesia. RESULTS: Among pediatric patients with disabilities who received dental treatment under general anesthesia, the most prevalent age group was 5–8 years old (124 patients, 47.1%), and the primary reason for administering anesthesia was dental anxiety or phobia. The mean time under anesthesia was 132.7 ± 77.6 min, and the mean duration of treatment was 101.9 ± 71.2 min. The most common type of treatment was restoration, accounting for 158 of the 380 treatments performed. CONCLUSIONS: Due to increasing demand, the number of cases of dental treatment performed under general anesthesia is expected to continue increasing, and it can be a useful method of treatment in patients with dental anxiety or phobia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Dental Anxiety ; Dental Clinics* ; Disabled Children ; Humans ; Korea ; Methods ; Pediatric Dentistry ; Phobic Disorders ; Retrospective Studies