Objective: To establish an HPLC-CAD method for the simultaneous determination of fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose in honey.Methods: The samples were separated on an Alltech Prevail carbohydrate ES(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)column using acetonitrile-water (70:30) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 ml·min-1, and detected by a charged aerosol detector.

Objective To observe the short?term clinical outcomes of kidney transplantation from brain and cardiac death donors (DBCD) and assess its feasibility to expand organ donor pool. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 48 cases of kidney transplantation from DBCD. The transplant recipients had finished 12?month follow?up in the First People's Hospital of Foshan from September 2011 to February 2015, with their renal function, rejection reaction and complications at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after renal transplantation being collected. Survival rates of transplant recipients and transplant kidneys, incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) and its influence for recipients and graft survival were analyzed by statistics. Results In the 48 cases, the survival rates of recipients at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation were 100.0%, 100.0%, 97.9%, 95.8%, and the survival rates of transplanted kidneys were 95.8%, 95.8%, 93.8%, 91.7%, respectively. DGF occurred in 8 of 48 (17.0%), but the occurrence of DGF did not adversely influence patient's survival (P=0.524) or graft survival (P=0.362). Conclusions The short?term clinical outcomes of kidney transplantation from DBCD are ideal. As the legislation of donation after brain death (DBD) has not been ratified in China, the kidney transplantation from DBCD could be an
important way to solve the shortage of organs, and increase the number of kidneys available for transplantation.

ABSTRACT:Objective To study the application effect of clinical nursing pathway in swal-lowing disorder patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 60 swallowing disorder patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized in our department the patients were divided into control group with 30 cases and the observation group with 30 cases according to admission time. The control group was given the routine nursing while the observation group was given clinical nurs-ing pathway on the basis of control group,including swallowing function assessment,health educa-tion,psychological nursing,feeding training,basic training and rehabilitation training,diet test, discharge guidance,and one-week telephone follow-up service.On the 15th day after admission, questionnaire and kubota drinking water test was used to evaluate the extent of the mastery of swal-lowing disorder knowledge and improvement of swallowing disorder,and the complications occur-rence (aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition)was recorded.Results The awareness of swallow-ing disorder knowledge in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,the dif-ference was statistically significant(P <0.05).The improvement of total efficacy rate in the obser-vation group was higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The occurrence rate of aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Clinical nursing pathway can effectively increase the level of swallowing disorder knowledge in patients and their families ,improve the degree of swallowing disorder ,reduce the
incidence of complications of swallowing disorder,so it is worthy of widely promotion in clinic.

ABSTRACT:Objective To study the application effect of clinical nursing pathway in swal-lowing disorder patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 60 swallowing disorder patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized in our department the patients were divided into control group with 30 cases and the observation group with 30 cases according to admission time. The control group was given the routine nursing while the observation group was given clinical nurs-ing pathway on the basis of control group,including swallowing function assessment,health educa-tion,psychological nursing,feeding training,basic training and rehabilitation training,diet test, discharge guidance,and one-week telephone follow-up service.On the 15th day after admission, questionnaire and kubota drinking water test was used to evaluate the extent of the mastery of swal-lowing disorder knowledge and improvement of swallowing disorder,and the complications occur-rence (aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition)was recorded.Results The awareness of swallow-ing disorder knowledge in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,the dif-ference was statistically significant(P <0.05).The improvement of total efficacy rate in the obser-vation group was higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The occurrence rate of aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Clinical nursing pathway can effectively increase the level of swallowing disorder knowledge in patients and their families ,improve the degree of swallowing disorder ,reduce the
incidence of complications of swallowing disorder,so it is worthy of widely promotion in clinic.

Objective To evaluate the effects of nitrous oxide inhalation on conscious sedation of patients during colonoscopy and analyze its risk factors. Methods From October 2016 to July 2017, a total of 154 patients undergoing colonoscopy were included in the study. The comfort level was rated using Modified Gloucester Comfort Scale ( MGCS). Factors affecting comfort level were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression, and then a comfort stratification predicting model was created. Results All 154 patients finished colonoscopy. The mean time of ideal anesthesia state was 195. 15 s. Among the 154 cases, 115 ( 74. 7%) were identified as comfort ( grade of MGCS from 1 to 3) and 39 (25. 3%) were rated as discomfort ( grade of MGCS from 4 to 5). Multivariate regression indicated that age ≥60 years ( P＝0. 000, OR＝1. 074, 95%CI: 1. 036-1. 114) and mild anxiety ( P＝0. 018, OR＝3. 338, 95%CI: 1. 227-9. 079) were associated with comfort level during colonoscopy.The established model with the age (X1) and mild anxiety (X2) was P＝eY/(1+eY), Y＝－3. 812+0. 071X1+1. 205X2(no anxiety was assigned 1, mild anxiety was assigned 2), and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0. 746 (95%CI: 0. 661-0. 830), which showed moderate predictive power of the final model. The model reached the highest predictive accuracy when the Yoden Index was 0. 838 with sensitivity of 50. 4% and specificity of 89. 7% for predicting comfort level of patients in conscious sedation status induced by nitrous oxide inhalation during colonoscopy. Conclusion Nitrous oxide can ease pain during colonoscopy, especially for patients over 60 years old and with anxiety. We can use it as an option according to actual circumstance in practice.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the levels and influencing factors of phthalate internal exposure in pregnant women (gestation age ≤ 16 weeks).

METHODSDuring April to June in 2013, 1 020 pregnant women (gestation age ≤ 16 weeks) who had established the maternal care manual were recruited in maternal and child health hospital of Siming District, Xiamen city. Participators were asked to complete a questionnaire to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and antenatal examination and to provide a urine sample. Finally, 998 pregnant women who provided a urine sample and completed the questionnaire were enrolled. Adopting systematic sampling method, 100 ones were selected randomly among 998 pregnant women. High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandern mass was used to determine the concentration of five phthalate monoesters in each urine, including mono-n-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP). Based on the measurements and questionnaire data, multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the phthalate monoester levels and potential influential factors.

RESULTSThe detection rates of MMP, MEP, MBP, MBzP and MEHP in 100 pregnant urine samples were 94%, 93%, 87%, 83%, 99%, respectively. And the urinary median uncorrected concentrations of MMP, MEP, MBP, MBzP and MEHP in 100 urine samples were 20.56, 17.62, 10.15, 2.03, and 5.12 ng/ml, respectively. Specific gravity-corrected concentration were 20.81, 20.36, 12.88, 2.58, 5.00 ng/ml, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that: education degree was negatively associated with urinary concentration of MMP, MEP, MBP, MBzP and MEHP, OR (95% CI) were 0.495 (0.253-0.966), 0.380 (0.191-0.755), 0.379 (0.186-0.774), 0.401 (0.196-0.819), 0.373(0.183-0.762), respectively. Participants who had hair permed and dyed during pregnancy had higher urinary level of MBP and MBzP, OR (95% CI) were 12.867 (1.240-133.525), 15.982 (1.367-186.911), respectively; Participants who use cosmetics during pregnancy had higher urinary level of MEP and MBP, OR (95% CI) were 2.977 (1.012-8.757), 4.440 (1.485-13.272), respectively; plastic bottled water consumption was positively associated with urinary concentrations of MEP and MEHP, OR (95% CI) were 3.780 (1.417-10.083), 2.699 (1.039-7.010), respectively; annual household income was negatively associated with urinary concentration of MMP, OR (95% CI) was 0.597 (0.372-0.959); individuals who took medications during pregnancy had higher urinary level of MEHP than non-takers, OR (95% CI) was 4.853 (1.084-21.732).

CONCLUSIONPregnant women whose gestation age was less than 16 weeks are generally exposed to phthalate. Phthalate internal exposure levels are significantly associated with most measured factors and the influencing factors with different phthalates internal exposure levels are different.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; urine ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Maternal Exposure ; Phthalic Acids ; urine ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry