In recent years, due to the dramatic increase in the number of surgical operations, there has been a clinically significant increase in the demand for medical adhesives capable of cohesion in a moist environment that can overcome blood or tissue fluids . As the understanding of the mechanisms and key elements of natural adhesion to aquatic organisms continues to develop, a variety of medical adhesives have been developed by mimicking adhesion procedures or utilizing key functional groups. This article will review the classification, adhesion mechanism, use, research progress and development prospects of biomedical adhesives inspired by aquatic organisms octopus and mussels.
Adhesives ; Animals ; Biomimetic Materials ; Bivalvia

As an important auxiliary material, adhesive materials have many important applications in various fields including but not limited to industrial packaging, marine engineering, and biomedicine. Naturally occurring adhesives such as mussel foot proteins are usually biocompatible and biodegradable, but their limited sources and poor mechanical properties in physiological conditions have limited their widespread uses in biomedical field. Inspired by the underwater adhesion phenomenon of natural organisms, a series of biomimetic adhesive materials have been developed through chemical or bioengineering approaches. Notably, some of those synthetic adhesives have exhibited great promise for medical applications in terms of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, strong tissue adhesion and many other attractive functional properties. As natural adhesive materials possess distinctive "living" attributes such as environmental responsiveness, self-regeneration and autonomous repairs, the development of various biologically inspired and biomimetic adhesive materials using natural adhesives as blueprints will thus be of keen and continuous interest in the future. The emerging field of synthetic biology will likely provide new opportunities to design living glues that recapitulate the dynamic features of those naturally occurring adhesives.
Adhesives ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Biomimetic Materials ; chemistry ; Biomimetics ; Bivalvia

This paper presents a novel technique for evaluating the performance of ventricular assist devices in vitro, innovatively combining dynamic physical testing of assist devices with a mature, numerical human cardiovascular model. Based on this technique, one self-made direct mechanical ventricular assistance (DMVA) prototype is tested. With the true representation of device performance in vivo, the real-time interactions between DMVA and the cardiovascular system are captured and studied. Hemodynamic simulations under DMVA are performed. Experimental results demonstrate that it provides a useful tool for the study of device assist impact on the cardiovascular system as well as the improvement of device structure and effectiveness of control mechanism.
Biomimetic Materials ; Heart-Assist Devices ; Humans ; Models, Cardiovascular

The reconstruction of structurally compromised posterior teeth is a rather challenging procedure. The tendency of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) to fracture is considerably higher than vital teeth. Although posts and core build-ups followed by conventional crowns have been generally employed for the purpose of reconstruction, this procedure entails sacrificing a considerable amount of residual sound enamel and dentin. This has drawn the attention of researchers to fibre reinforcement. Fibre-reinforced composite (FRC), designed to replace dentin, enables the biomimetic restoration of teeth. Besides improving the strength of the restoration, the incorporation of glass fibres into composite resins leads to favorable fracture patterns because the fibre layer acts as a stress breaker and stops crack propagation. The following case report presents a technique for reinforcing a badly broken-down ETT with biomimetic materials and FRC. The proper utilization of FRC in structurally compromised teeth can be considered to be an economical and practical measure that may obviate the use of extensive prosthetic treatment.
Biomimetic Materials ; Biomimetics ; Composite Resins ; Crowns ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Glass ; Molar* ; Tooth

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical differences between human dura mater and dura mater substitutes to optimize biomimetic materials.METHODS: Four groups were investigated. Group I used cranial dura mater (n=10), group II used Gore-Tex® Expanded Cardiovascular Patch (W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., Flagstaff, AZ, USA) (n=6), group III used Durepair® (Medtronic Inc., Goleta, CA, USA) (n=6), and group IV used Tutopatch® (Tutogen Medical GmbH, Neunkirchen am Brand, Germany) (n=6). We used an axial compression machine to measure maximum tensile strength.RESULTS: The mean tensile strengths were 7.01±0.77 MPa for group I, 22.03±0.60 MPa for group II, 19.59±0.65 MPa for group III, and 3.51±0.63 MPa for group IV. The materials in groups II and III were stronger than those in group I. However, the materials in group IV were weaker than those in group I.CONCLUSION: An important dura mater graft property is biomechanical similarity to cranial human dura mater. This biomechanical study contributed to the future development of artificial dura mater substitutes with biomechanical properties similar to those of human dura mater.
Biomimetic Materials ; Collagen ; Dura Mater ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mechanics ; Pericardium ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Tensile Strength ; Transplants

In the present work, NiTi alloy substrates were activated by three different pretreatment processes. 5 X SBF1 and 5 X SBF2 concentrated simulated body fluids were prepared with citric acid buffer reagent, and then calcium phosphate coatings were formed quickly on NiTi alloy surface by accelerated biomimetic synthesis after pretreatment. The microstructure, composition and surface morphology of calcium phosphate coatings were studied. The results indicate that calcium phosphate coatings possess porous and net structure, which are composed of precipitated spherical particles with diameter less than 3 microm. The analysis of XRD shows that the main component of calcium phosphate coatings is hydroxyapatite, whereas the concentrated 5 x SBF simulated body fluid, which is in the absence of Mg2+ and HCO3- crystal growth inhibitors, apparently accelerates the growth rate of hydroxyapatite coatings.
Biomimetic Materials ; Body Fluids ; Calcium Phosphates ; chemistry ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemical synthesis ; Computer Simulation ; Durapatite ; chemical synthesis ; Humans ; Nickel ; Titanium

To the specificity of equivalent material of human skin mechanical properties, the static-load pressing method for testing the elastic nature of the equivalent material of human skin is proposed, and the designs experimental set for the test is designed. The result show that the method is correct and feasible.
Biomimetic Materials ; chemistry ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; methods ; Skin ; Skin Physiological Phenomena ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

The aim of this study was to elaborate a dense, strong and thin calcium-phosphate coating on commercial porous pure titanium implant surface in the light of a fast biomimetic procedure. After being polished, sandblasted, cleaned and treated with the mixture of HF and HNO3, the titanium plates were divided into two groups, namely group A and group B. The specimens of group A were free from any treatment. The specimens of group B were treated with the mixture of 48% H2SO4 and 18% HCl. All specimens soaked in SBF-A solution for 1d. Then the specimens were immersed in the SBF-B solution for 2 d. A thin calcium-phosphate coating was deposited on all the specimens of the two groups, the surface consisted of well-formed crystals, which were proved to be the mixture of hydroxycarbonated apatite (HCA) and octacalcium phosphate (OCP); the coating's Ca/P rate was 1.51. A thin carbonated calcium-phosphate coating was deposited on porous pure titanium by the use of the fast biomimetic procedure.
Biomimetic Materials ; analysis ; chemistry ; Calcium Phosphates ; analysis ; chemistry ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemistry ; Crystallization ; Prostheses and Implants ; Surface Properties ; Titanium ; chemistry

Porous HA ceramics were prepared by using NH4 HCO3/PVA as pore-formed material along with biological glass as intensifier, and these ceramics were immersed in Locke's Physiological Saline and Simulate Body Fluid (SBF). The changes of phase composition, grain size and crystallinity of porous HA ceramics before and after immersion were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The biological activity was evaluated. The porous HA ceramics showed various degrees of decomposition after immersion in the two solution systems, but there was no evident change in respect to crystallinity. Besides, the impact of different degrees of solution systems on the change of grain size and planar preferred orientation was observed. The TCP phase of the ceramics immersed in Locke's Physiological Saline decomposed and there was no crystal growth on the surface of ceramics; however, the grain size of ceramics immersed in SBF became refined in certain degree and the surface of ceramics took on the new crystal growth.
Bicarbonates ; chemistry ; Biomimetic Materials ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Ceramics ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Durapatite ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; chemistry ; Porosity

This review summarized the progress of researches on the active locomotion system for capsule endoscope, analyzed the moving and controlling principles in different locomotion systems, and compared their merits and shortcomings. Owing to the complexity of human intestines and the limits to the size and consumption of locomotion system from the capsule endoscope, there is not yet one kind of active locomotion system currently used in clinical practice. The locomotive system driven by an outer rotational magnetic field could improve the commercial endoscope capsule, while its magnetic field controlling moving is complex. Active locomotion system driven by shape memory alloys will be the orientated development and the point of research in the future.
Animals ; Biomimetic Materials ; Capsule Endoscopes ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Magnetics ; instrumentation ; Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems ; instrumentation ; Motion ; Robotics ; instrumentation