The paradigm of a real world study has become the frontiers of clinical researches, especially in the field of Chinese medicine, all over the world in recent years. In this paper, ethical issues which probably exist in real-world studies are raised and reviewed. Moreover, some preliminary solutions to these issues such as protecting subjects during the process of real-world studies and performing ethical review are raised based on recent years' practices to enhance the scientificity and ethical level of real-world studies.
Biomedical Research ; ethics ; methods ; Humans

Clinical experiments are always used to evaluate the safety and validity of medical devices. The experiments have two types of clinical trying and testing. Ethic review must be done by the ethics committee of the medical department with the qualification of clinical research, and the approval must be made before the experiments. In order to ensure the safety and validity of clinical experiments of medical devices in medical institutions, the contents, process and approval criterions of the ethic review were analyzed and discussed.
Biomedical Research ; ethics ; Equipment and Supplies ; ethics ; Ethical Review ; Humans

Attitude of Health Personnel ; Biomedical Research ; Child ; Ethics, Research ; Humans ; Pediatrics

Biomedical Research ; ethics ; Humans ; Microbiota ; Research Design ; standards

There are many international guidelines that have been developed to ensure that the conduct of researches by countries, institutions and individuals are ethical. There are, however, unique opportunities as well as challenges in research in the ASEAN region which mandate not only adherence to these guidelines but which necessitate regional as well as individual country efforts to ensure that biomedical researches uphold the dignity, ensure safety and protect the rights of participants. Some of the challenges are: the widespread poverty or uneven distribution of resources in developing countries which cause patients to participate in clinical trials to avail of services that otherwise are inaccessible, lack of a research infrastructure that makes ethics review of protocols inadequate or slow, and lack of post-trial access to medications which have been tested in precisely the populations that need these drugs. The aim of this paper is to review the ethical challenges in health research encountered in Asia and to describe the regional efforts being undertaken to address them.

Human ; Asia ; Developing Countries ; Health Occupations ; Health Resources ; Poverty ; Research ; Safety ; Ethics ; Biomedical Research ; Ethics, Research

In recent years, medical professionals are in charge with multiple roles. They have to work as an educator, researcher, and administrator, as well as medical practitioner. In addition, they experience a conflict between the primary responsibilities that each role requires of them. A conflict of interest (COI) is a set of circumstances that creates a risk that professional judgment or actions regarding a primary interest will be unduly influenced by a secondary interest. It occurs when an individual or organization is involved in multiple interests, one of which could possibly corrupt the motivation for an act in the other. The COI should be managed appropriately to preserve the value of public trust, scientific objectivity, and the benefit and safety of patients. Primary interest of medical professionals refers to the principal goals of the medical profession, such as the health and safety of patients, and the integrity of research. Secondary interest includes not only financial gain but also such motives as the desire for professional advancement and the wish to do favors for family and friends, but COI rules usually focus on financial relationships because they are relatively more objective, fungible, and quantifiable. This article will briefly review the COI in medical practice and research, discuss about what is COI, why we should manage it, and how we can manage it.
Biomedical Research/*ethics ; *Conflict of Interest ; *Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; Physicians/ethics/psychology

Biomedical Research ; ethics ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Public Health

Autopsy ; Biomedical Research ; ethics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Brain ; pathology ; Humans ; Tissue Banks ; ethics ; legislation & jurisprudence

While there is an ethical obligation to improve clinical outcomes by developing better therapies, surgical innovation has largely progressed without the strict regulations required of novel pharmaceutical products. We explore the reasons why new surgical techniques are frequently introduced without the benefit of randomised controlled trials, and present an approach to the ethical evaluation of novel surgical procedures.
Biomedical Research ; ethics ; Clinical Competence ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Ethics, Medical ; General Surgery ; ethics ; methods ; standards ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Medical Audit ; Medicine ; Singapore ; Specialty Boards

Technology has become a major driver of the future direction of healthcare and surgery. Likewise, the speed of change has accelerated beyond comprehension, with a number of revolutions occurring during a surgeon's career. Being an agent of change or rapidly adapting to change has become the hallmark of the gifted surgeon. The fundamental challenges to a future surgeon are addressed from a technological viewpoint, with emphasis on the impact upon healthcare.
Biomedical Technology/education/ethics/*trends ; Education, Medical/trends ; General Surgery/trends ; Humans ; Medicine/trends ; Research/trends ; Robotics/trends