Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; standards ; Mutation ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) protein in human insulinoma and explore its clinical significance.

METHODSNineteen pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor tissue were collected from patients treated in Nanfang Hospital between 2000 and 2014. The protein expression of YY1 in benign and malignant insulinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSPositive expression for YY1 protein was detected in both benign and malignant tumor tissues, but the malignant tissues had a significantly greater intensity of YY1 expression than the benign tissues (P=0.042). The intensity of YY1 expression was positively correlated with the nature of the tumor, and the insulinomas with high expressions of YY1 had significantly greater malignant potentials (P=0.037).

CONCLUSIONThe high expression of YY1 protein is associated with the development of insulinima. YY1 may serve as a new tumor marker for detecting the malignant transformation of insulinoma.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; YY1 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism

Many studies have reported that the expression of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is associated with the clinical features and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer, but the exact function remains controversial. We conducted this study to illustrate the clinical and prognostic value of Sirt1 in gastric cancer. The related publications before December 2015 were searched in the databases including Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The studies were included and excluded according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and clinical features such as age, T stage, N stage and differentiation were analyzed by software RevMan 5.3. A total of 1650 patients in 7 studies were included according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The high expression of Sirt1 was found in 58.4% cases by immunohistochemistry. High expression of Sirt1 was closely linked with the 3-year OS (OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.16-0.39, P<0.00001, fixed), patient's age (≥60 years old vs. <60 years old; OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.06-1.93, P=0.02, fixed), T stage (T3+T4 vs. T1+T2; OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.08-1.94, P=0.01, fixed), N stage (N1+N2+N3 vs. N0; OR=3.47, 95% CI: 2.39-5.05, P<0.00001, fixed) and tumor differentiation (G1+G2 vs. G3; OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.35-0.69, P<0.0001, fixed). Nevertheless, it seemed that high expression of Sirt1 was not associated with 5-year OS (OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.15-1.28, P=0.13, random). It was suggested that the high expression of Sirt1 implies a poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients in a relatively short period (3 years), but not in a long time (≥5 years). The expression of Sirt1 is also linked with patients' age, T stage, N stage and tumor differentiation.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sirtuin 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Survival Analysis

Personalising cancer treatment to optimise therapeutic efficacy while minimising exposure to the toxicities of ineffective drugs is the holy grail of medical oncology. Clinical parameters and conventional histopathological characterisations of cancers are no longer adequate to guide the practising oncologists in treatment planning. The explosion of knowledge in cancer molecular biology has led to the availability of tumour-specific molecules that serve as predictive and prognostic markers. In breast cancer, HER-2 positivity is a good predictor for success of anti-HER-2 trastuzumab monoclonal antibody therapy. K-ras mutational status predicts the likelihood of response to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in advanced colorectal cancers. Similarly, EGFR mutational status in pulmonary adenocarcinoma is highly predictive for responses or otherwise to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Notwithstanding our deeper understanding of tumour biology and the availability of predictive and prognostic laboratory tools, we are still far from achieving our dream of the perfect personalised cancer treatment, as each tumour in a particular patient is unique to itself. A much coveted, real-time, anti-tumour drug sensitivity testing in the future may one day pave the way for truly treating the right tumour with the right drug in the right patient.
Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; Genomics ; methods ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prognosis

Novel recurrent somatic mutations have been identified in patients with myeloid malignancies including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Mutations of tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2), DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2, enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) and additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of epigenetic patterning, and may be used as molecular predictors for pathogenesis and clinical outcome for patients with myeloid malignancies.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Mutation

Omics docking has become a hot spot in oncology research, which is used to screen specific biomarkers for the establishment of molecular classification in the treatment and/or prognosis of diseases, especially in cancer research. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common malignant tumors, the traditional diagnosis and treatment of which depends on clinical manifestations, classic pathological and imaging examination. In clinical pathology, completely different fates and prognoses were observed in CRC patients with the same type, at the same stage, and even with the same treatment. It is critical to use the omics docking strategy to select molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis and to assess the prognosis of CRC, to further standardize molecular classification model, and to guide individual treatment of CRC.
Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; classification ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Proteomics

Ubiquitin-ribosomal protein S27a(UBRPS27a) is a fusion protein of Ubiquitin and ribosomal protein. The N-terminal is ubiquitin and C-termina is ribosomal protein S27a with a high conservative zinc finger domain of the C2-C2 type. When it was expressed in eukaryotes,The intact fusion protein were rapidly processed to free ubiquitin monomer and ribosomal protein S27a (RPS27a). Ubiquitin degradated proteins particularly and selectively in cell and RPS27a is indispensable for translation. This multifunctional ribosomal protein is expressed at high levels in a wide variety of actively proliferating cells and tumor tissues and is a representative characteristic of various tumor cells. In our preliminary study of this protein in the silkworm,RPS27a also be found express highly in actively proliferating cells. The precise functional role of each ribosomal protein is largely unknown and many ribosomal proteins have extraribosomal functions apart from the particle. In this article, we review the recent research on the connection between tumor and this fusion protein, Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and ribosomal protein. These research may indicate the origin and development of tumor, provide the basis for clinical diagnosis of cancer and the novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of malignant tumors.
Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Ubiquitin ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules, which are associated with specific proteins to form small nucleolar ribonucleoparticles. However, the function of snoRNAs in cancer still remains elusive. Recently, several independent lines of evidence have indicated that these ncRNAs might have crucial roles in controlling tumorigenesis, and snoRNAs could be potential biomarkers for cancer.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Nucleolar ; genetics ; metabolism

Metabolomics is a new science and technology, which it refers to a holistic analytical approach to all the low molecular weight metabolites in an organism or a cell. In this paper, the definition and objective of metabolomics are provided, and the current application of metabolomic research in malignant tumors (diagnosis and therapy) are summarized.
Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genomics ; methods ; trends ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; methods ; trends ; Transcription, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and intracellular localization of FRZB gene in gastric cancer tissue, and to explore its significance in gastric cancer.

METHODSThe expression of FRZB in tumor tissues from 90 patients with gastric cancer and in normal gastric mucous as control were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in tissue array. FRZB expression in gastric cancer cell lines and immortalized gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR(Q-PCR) and Western blot. The intracellular localization of FRZB was observed by immunofluorescence staining.

RESULTSThe positive expression rate of FRZB in gastric cancer was 92.2%. FRZB expressed in gastric cancer with well differentiation was higher than that with poor differentiation.The positive rate in normal gastric mucous was 10.0% (one out of ten). By confocal microscope, FRZB localized both in cytoplasma and nucleus, especially on the nuclear membrane. The Q-PCR and Western blot results also showed that the expression of FRZB in gastric cancer cell lines was higher than that in GES-1.

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of FRZB in gastric cancer is correlated with tumor cell differentiation and tumor Lauren classification. The nuclear localization of FRZB may contribute to its function in gastric cancer formation and progression.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology