Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; analysis ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; chemistry ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo better understand the molecular pathogenesis of cervical cancer, and provide novel means for clinical diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy.

METHODSThe gene chip data of cervical cancer were obtained from GEO database and statistically analyzed using BRB-ArrayTools to identify the genes related to cervical cancer with bioinformatics analysis using Panther software.

RESULTSThirty-seven differentially expressed genes were identified in cervical, cancer samples, including 23 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated genes. These genes were associated with the cell skeletons transporters and such processes as cell signal transduction, transcriptional control, cell adhesion, and cell apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONBioinformatics analysis can help with effective analysis of the gene chip data. The pathogenesis of cervical cancer involves abnormal expression of multiple genes, and these data may benefit further investigations of the early diagnosis and treatment of the malignancy.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; genetics ; Computational Biology ; methods ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; genetics

Colorectal cancer screening dates to the discovery of pre-cancerous adenomatous tissue. Screening modalities and guidelines directed at prevention and early detection have evolved and resulted in a significant decrease in the prevalence and mortality of colorectal cancer via direct visualization or using specific markers. Despite continued efforts and an overall reduction in deaths attributed to colorectal cancer over the last 25 years, colorectal cancer remains one of the most common causes of malignancy-associated deaths. In attempt to further reduce the prevalence of colorectal cancer and associated deaths, continued improvement in screening quality and adherence remains key. Noninvasive screening modalities are actively being explored. Identification of specific genetic alterations in the adenoma-cancer sequence allow for the study and development of noninvasive screening modalities beyond guaiac-based fecal occult blood testing which target specific alterations or a panel of alterations. The stool DNA test is the first noninvasive screening tool that targets both human hemoglobin and specific genetic alterations. In this review we discuss stool DNA and other commercially available noninvasive colorectal cancer screening modalities in addition to other targets which previously have been or are currently under study.
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/genetics ; DNA/analysis ; Early Detection of Cancer/*methods ; *Feces ; Humans ; Mass Screening/*methods

Many studies have reported that the expression of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is associated with the clinical features and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer, but the exact function remains controversial. We conducted this study to illustrate the clinical and prognostic value of Sirt1 in gastric cancer. The related publications before December 2015 were searched in the databases including Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The studies were included and excluded according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and clinical features such as age, T stage, N stage and differentiation were analyzed by software RevMan 5.3. A total of 1650 patients in 7 studies were included according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The high expression of Sirt1 was found in 58.4% cases by immunohistochemistry. High expression of Sirt1 was closely linked with the 3-year OS (OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.16-0.39, P<0.00001, fixed), patient's age (≥60 years old vs. <60 years old; OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.06-1.93, P=0.02, fixed), T stage (T3+T4 vs. T1+T2; OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.08-1.94, P=0.01, fixed), N stage (N1+N2+N3 vs. N0; OR=3.47, 95% CI: 2.39-5.05, P<0.00001, fixed) and tumor differentiation (G1+G2 vs. G3; OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.35-0.69, P<0.0001, fixed). Nevertheless, it seemed that high expression of Sirt1 was not associated with 5-year OS (OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.15-1.28, P=0.13, random). It was suggested that the high expression of Sirt1 implies a poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients in a relatively short period (3 years), but not in a long time (≥5 years). The expression of Sirt1 is also linked with patients' age, T stage, N stage and tumor differentiation.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sirtuin 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Survival Analysis

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to screen sialyl Lewis(a) (sLe(a)) in the tumors of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore the association of sialyl Lewis(a) expression with local lymph node metastasis.

METHODSSpecimen from 38 patients with primary OSCC were obtained and analyzed by immunohistochemical methods.

RESULTSThe expression of sLe(a) protein, but not E-selectin, of OSCCs significantly correlated to the local lymph node metastasis. sLe(a) was expressed in 79% (15/19) of the metastatic cases compared with 21% (4/19) of the non-metastasis ones, indicated the association of sLe(a) expression with the local lymph involvement.

CONCLUSIONHigh expression of sLe(a) in OSCC may be related to the metastasis of cervical lymph nodes and it seems useful in predicting poor prognosis in OSCC.

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate ; analysis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; chemistry ; genetics ; pathology ; secondary ; E-Selectin ; analysis ; genetics ; Female ; Gangliosides ; analysis ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Neoplasms ; chemistry ; genetics ; pathology

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotype, and molecular signatures of oncocytic papillary renal cell carcinoma (OPRCC), and to compare these findings with those in type 1 papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC 1). Methods: The clinicopathologic data of 19 patients with OPRCC from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (16 patients) and the 971 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Navy (3 patients) from October 2003 to February 2021 were collected. Histologic, immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular analyses, together with a control group of 15 cases of PRCC I diagnosed in the same period, were assessed. Results: The cohort included 15 males and 4 females, with a median age of 61 years (range, 47-78 years). In 13 patients the tumors were found at physical examination; four presented with painless gross hematuria and two with low back pain. As for the pathologic stage, 14 patients were pT1, one patient was pT2a, three patients were pT3a and one patient was pT4. The tumor size ranged from 1.7-14.0 cm, with clear boundary and soft texture. The cut surface was grayish-yellow and grayish-red. Microscopically, the tumor cells were mainly arranged in papillary (10%-100%) and acinar (tubular) patterns, with strongly eosinophilic cytoplasm, round or irregular nuclei, and prominent nucleoli (WHO/ISUP grade Ⅲ). Two cases showed sarcomatoid differentiation. Stromal foamy macrophages were visible in all cases. IHC staining showed diffuse strong positivity for AMACR in all cases. RCC (18/19), CD10 (17/19), vimentin (16/19) and PAX8 (17/19) were positive in most tumors. CK7 was expressed in about 50% of cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization identified trisomy 7 in eight patients, trisomy 17 in seven patients, and the two aberrations occurred simultaneously in seven cases. Eight of 13 men had Y chromosome deletion. All patients were followed up for 8-120 months. Three patients died of metastases at 8, 62 and 82 months postoperatively, respectively, and one patient relapsed 36 months after surgery. Compared with PRCC1, OPRCC tended to have higher nuclear grade, and stromal foam cell aggregation was more commonly found (P<0.05). The expression of CD10 and EMA were different (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the two groups (P=0.239). Conclusions: OPRCC has unique morphologic features, and its immunophenotype overlaps but differs from PRCC1. The molecular results support that it belongs to a morphologic variation of PRCC. This tumor has similar biologic behavior to PRCC1, and has a poor prognosis when sarcomatoid differentiation occurs.
Aged ; Biological Products ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis* ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Kidney Neoplasms/genetics* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neprilysin/analysis* ; Vimentin/analysis*

BACKGROUNDHuman epididymis secretory protein 4 (HE4) has been proved to be a promising novel biomarker for the detection of epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Compared with CA125, HE4 assay demonstrated an improved ability to discriminate between pelvic mass with malignant and benign disease. Though it is well known that HE4 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer, however, the role of HE4 in the carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian cancer remains unkown.

METHODSIn this study, we explored the role of HE4 in the carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian cancer. We screened nine ovarian cancer cell lines for HE4 expression, and using RNA interference (RNAi), we silenced HE4 gene expression in CaoV3 and SKOV3.ip1 ovarian cancer cell lines. We assessed the effect of HE4 gene silencing on the transformed phenotype by examining the cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation and transwell migration/invasion in vitro.

RESULTSHE4 gene silencing induces G0/G1 arrest and blocks the progression from the G1 to S phase in CaoV3 and SKOV3.ip1 cells. HE4 knockdown also inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in SKOV3.ip1 cells in vitro.

CONCLUSIONHE4 may be involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and promote ovarian cancer migration and invasion.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Progression ; Epididymal Secretory Proteins ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology ; Female ; Gene Silencing ; physiology ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology ; RNA Interference

Biomarkers, Tumor ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; trends ; Neoplasms ; classification ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC; or kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, KIRC), to analyze the relationship between the expression of FGFR2 and the clinical pathological features and prognosis of ccRCC, to study the relationship between the expression of FGFR2 and other molecules, and to explore its role in the development of ccRCC. METHODS: Gene expressional and clinical information of ccRCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database. Next, the data were transformed and collated. In the study, 104 clinical ccRCC samples and corresponding paracancerous normal tissue samples were collected from Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed and the staining results were scored, so as to compare the expression of FGFR2 in ccRCC and paracancerous normal tissues. Besides, quantify real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression level of FGFR2 in normal renal epithelial cell lines (293) and ccRCC cell lines (786-O, 769-P, OSRC-2, Caki-1, ACHN, and A498). In addition, the relationship between FGFR2 expression and clinical pathological characteristics (including TNM staging and pathological grading) and survival prognosis in ccRCC patients was further analyzed. Furthermore, the relationship between FGFR2 expression and B cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and neutrophil infiltration in the ccRCC patients was analyzed, and the Biological General Repository for Interactionh Datasets (BioGRID) was used to builds protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to study molecules that interacted with the FGFR2 protein. RESULTS: In the TCGA database, the expression of FGFR2 was down-regulated in ccRCC tissue samples compared with normal tissue samples, and the expression in the GEO database also showed this differences. Furthermore, FGFR2 expression was downregulated in ccRCC clinical samples and ccRCC cell lines, compared with corresponding paracancerous normal tissue or normal renal epithelial cell lines. In addition, FGFR2 high expression was associated with earlier, lower-level ccRCC and was associated with a better prognosis in the patients with ccRCC. Moreover, FGFR2 expression was not significantly related to B cells, T cells, NK cells and neutrophil infiltration, and the PPI network showed that FGFR2 protein interacted with certain molecules. CONCLUSION Our work sheds light on the potential role of FGFR2 in the development of ccRCC, suggesting that FGFR2 may serve as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for patients with ccRCC.
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis* ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology* ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics*

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological and molecular features of primary cardiac angiosarcoma (PCAS), and to analyze the correlation between KDR mutation and the clinicopathological features of PCAS. Methods: Thirteen cases of PCAS were collected at Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2007 to December 2021. The clinicopathological features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and outcome were retrospectively analyzed. KDR mutation was detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and then the expression of KDR (VEGFR2) was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), with review of relevant literatures. Results: There were eight males and five females with a mean age of 45 years. The primary tumor was in the right atrium in 10 cases, left atrium in two cases and right ventricle in one case. The histomorphology was mainly poorly differentiated angiosarcoma (11 cases), with highly pleomorphic spindle or round cells in solid sheets, brisk mitotic activity and extensive necrosis. Vascular lumen formation was observed in two cases of high to moderate differentiation, and biphenotypic differentiation was seen in five cases. IHC staining showed CD34, CD31, Fli1, ERG and vimentin were diffusely positive, pan-cytokeratin was positive, Ki-67 index ranged from 3% to 90%, which was positively correlated with the differentiation degree and grade of the PCASs (P<0.05). At the end of follow-up period, one patient was alive, two patients were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 10 patients had an average survival time of 4.6 months. Finally, NGS sequencing was performed on seven samples after screening, and the results showed that KDR and NF1 mutations were both present in three cases. VEGFR2 expression had no significant correlation with the differentiation degree and grade of PCAS (P>0.05), and it was not related to KDR mutation. Conclusions: PCASs mainly occur in the right atrium, and are mainly poorly differentiated. Ki-67 index is helpful to assess the degree and grade of tumor differentiation. The occurrence and development of PCAS may be related to the pathway involved in KDR mutation, but KDR mutation has no clear correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of PCAS, and immunohistochemical staining can not replace gene detection to determine whether the tumor had KDR mutation.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Hemangiosarcoma/genetics* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Molecular Biology ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*