No abstract available.
Biological Products*

Background. Ultrasound remains to be an ideal imaging tool for the diagnosis of various conditions in the body. However, the cost and unavailability of the commercial acoustic gel continue to hamper the tool's diagnostic value in low-resource communities.

Objectives. The study aims to investigate the feasibility of extracts of common Philippine succulents as ultrasound acoustic gel, based on image quality parameters, organoleptic characteristics, spreadability, pH, and viscosity.

Methods. Aloe Vera, common houseleek, burro's tail, snake plant, echeveria, crown of thorns, panda plant, and jade plant were extracted and filtered before subjecting them for a physical evaluation. The evaluation analyzed the organoleptic characteristics, spreadability, pH, and viscosity of the formulated gels. The commercial acoustic gel was used as the reference gel. Three experienced ultrasonographers blindly evaluated a total of 243 images obtained using the formulated gels based on four image quality parameters.

Results. The formulated gels had optimal appearance, texture, homogeneity, and pH value. However, all of the extracts had a lower viscosity than the commercial reference gel. The extract obtained from the burro's tail exhibited the highest viscosity among the tested extracts. There was no significant difference in the image quality parameters among the commercial and formulated gels.

Conclusion. The extracts obtained from the succulents are feasible as an acoustic gel for ultrasound imaging based on the physical and image quality analyses. The tested plants are readily available and easy to produce compared to commercial acoustic gel.

MOH-decision of minister of health, No 3947/2004/QD-BYT, 8/11/2004 amendent of “Regulartion of registation of vaccines and medico-biologicals” medical bio products. Complemetary to article 3, section 5 of the regulation of vaccine registration, medical bio products issued together with the decision No 1012/2003/QD-BYT dated 30/07/2003 as follows: vaccines, biomedical products were registered, within the valid time, if the price is changed differently from the registered document, the registree have to report to the Ministry of Health. The new amended form 3, 4 and 9 are to replace the old form 3, 4 and 9 in the regulation of registration of vaccines and biomedical products.
Vaccines ; Biological Products

The 2- hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl pyrimidine (8),2-amino-4,6 –dimethyl pyrimidine (10) and sulfamet-hazine(1)were prepared by condensation of urea (4), guanidine (5) or sulfaguanidine (6) with acetylacetone(7) and then the 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl pyrimidine (9) was obtained by treating the compound (8) with phosphorylchoride (POCl3)
Biological Products ; chemistry ; pharmacy

Biological products are a kind of special agents for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. The research and development of biological products come from the combined knowledge of many subjects, such as microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, cytology, genetic engineering and fermentation technology. Biological products industry is the core and the hot spot of the biotechnology industry. In recent years, China has made some advances in biological products research and development. To promote biological products research in China, invited reviews and selected research articles were published in this special issue of "Biological Products". The reviews and research articles focus on the field of the biological products for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.
Biological Products ; China

Nature, a rich source of bioactive natural products, serves as a massive pool of drug candidates for the pharmaceutical industry. However, the supply of these structurally complex chemicals is costly as most of the natural products are scarce in nature, thus requiring de novo synthesis. The supply chain issue hinders the development of novel therapeutic agents from natural products. Microbial synthesis, based on the expression of biosynthetic genes in a suitable microbial host to produce certain chemicals, is a sustainable strategy to produce complex natural products. However, this strategy requires gaining insights into the biosynthesis of target molecules. Most natural products are biosynthetically unknown or not fully elucidated; thus, the sole application of microbial synthesis strategy to produce a given molecule is challenging. In this review, we highlight a strategy that combines microbial and chemical syntheses to tackle the supply chain issue in developing drugs from natural products. We believe this strategy can revive the drug development pipeline for natural products.
Biological Products/chemistry* ; Aminoglycosides

A large proportion of patients with rheumatic disease have an immunocompromised status resulting from disease pathogenesis itself and/or several immunosuppressive drugs including biologics. These conditions are closely related to a higher risk of a variety of infectious diseases. Therefore, a few vaccinations for vaccine‐preventable pathogens should be considered in patients with rheumatic disease at the appropriate time. The quadrivalent inactivated influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations, including both 13‐valent conjugate and 23‐valent polysaccharide vaccines, are strongly recommended in all patients with rheumatic disease. The immunogenicity of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination have generally been demonstrated in patients with rheumatic disease on biologics except for rituximab and abatacept. Vaccines can be administered during therapy with tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists but may be more ideal during a stable or remission status without immunosuppressive therapy. In particular, vaccination should be done at least 6 months after an injection of rituximab as a B‐lymphocyte‐depleting biologic. Basically, all live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided in highly immunocompromised rheumatic disease patients. The vaccination for herpes zoster (HZ) can be taken carefully according to degree of immunosuppression because the currently available vaccine is only live‐attenuated. The newly developed subunit HZ vaccine is promising in immunocompromised patients with rheumatic disease.
Abatacept ; Biological Factors ; Biological Products* ; Communicable Diseases ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunosuppression ; Influenza, Human ; Necrosis ; Pneumococcal Infections ; Rheumatic Diseases* ; Rituximab ; Vaccination* ; Vaccines

During 2001-2002 period, 19 lots of oral cholera vaccines were prepared at the Company No1 of Vaccine and Biological Preparation. Weight gain tests were performed on white mice, each test used 20 mices for vaccine sample and 20 mices for control. According to WHO standards and Central National of Control for Biological Preparation standards, cholera vaccine does not cause death for mice, and mean weight of mouse after three days injection is at least equal to that of infection moment and the mean weight gain of the seventh day is higher or equal 60% of control. All 19 lots of vaccine had had high safety
Cholera Vaccines ; Cholera ; Biological Products

19 lots of oral vaccine producted in the years 2001-2002 at the Company No1 of Vaccines and Biological Preparations were studied. pH=6.9 in the lot 110102, the highest was 7.3 in the lots 050901, 060901 and 091201 (permissible pH=6.8-7.4); thimerosant content from 0.005 g% in the lot 020801 to 0.015 g% in the lots 110102, 120302 and 150502 (permissible content ≤ 0.02 g%); formaldehyde content from 0.005 g% in the lot 060901 to 0.017 g% in the lot 110102 (permissible content ≤ 0.02 g%); total protein content 0.77 g% in the lot 091201 and 1.63 g% in the lot 181002 (permissible content ≤ 2 g%)
Cholera Vaccines ; chemistry ; Biological Products

At Cho Ray Hospital – Ho Chi Minh city from Dec 2001 to Dec 2002, 228 heart failure cases (96 males, 130 females, aged 58.4317.45) were studied. Their associated conditions were: 14 with diabetes, 5 brain blood infactus, 5 hyperthyroidies, 19 kidney failures. Among 162 patients with electrolyte disorders, 25 were died, the rate of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia was significantly higher in fatal group than in survival group. Hyponatremia was fatal risk factor and it should pay great attention to treat this condition with hypertonic natrium solution
Cholera Vaccines ; chemistry ; Biological Products