Objective To establish a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model by transplanting tumor tissue mass into the rabbit's liver,to analyze and observe the growing features of the liver tumor.Methods The tumor tissue mass(about 106-108 VX2 liver tumor cells)was inoculated into the left hepatic labe in 20 rabbits to establish rabbit VX-2 hepatic carcinoma model.The observation included the following two respects.(1)The tumor's volume at 7,10,14,17 and 21 days after the procedure was measured by ultrasonography and the growth rate of tumor was calculated.(2)The morphological feature of the tumor was inspected both macroscopically and microscopically.Results The growing pattern of the tumor was compatible with the exponential curve.Seventeen days after transplantation the increase rate of the tumor volume was much higher than that of the tumor diameter. Histopathologjcally,the growing pattern of the tumor took the form of infiltrative way,with its appearance being quite similar to the VX2 squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion Transplantation of tumor tissue mass is the technique of first choice to establish the VX2 liver carcinoma model in rabbits.This experimental model is a very ideal animal form for both clinical and fundamental studies of liver carcinoma.

Objective To explore the most suitable equation in accessing renal function for the elderly type 2 diabetic patients, and its clinical utility in combination with hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Methods The new Cystatin C-based equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (Cys-eGFR) and conventional predictive equations were compared with isotopic GFR (iGFR) by linear regression analysis, paired t-test, Bland and Altman procedures and non-parametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The new Cys-eGFR equation and hsCRP were also incorporated for detecting renal disease in this population. Results The new Cys-eGFR equation had a better relativity with iGFR (r= 0.767, P＜0.001), a less bias (bias: 0.0007, P＞0.05), a higher conformance (2SD: 21.56), higher sensitivity (90.7%) and specificity (88.6%) for diagnosing moderate decrease in renal function. There was a negative relationship between the new Cys-eGFR and hsCRP (r=-0.655, P＜0.01). When the new Cys-eGFR was 67.06 ml· min-1 ·1.73 m-2 and hsCRP was 5.65 mg/L, the combination of Cys-eGFR and hsCRP was better than the combination of serum creatinine and urine albumin/creatinine ratio in screening stage 3 chronic kidney disease (95%vs.46%). Conclusions The combination of new Cys-eGFR equation and hsCRP may screen an early decrease of moderate GFR.

Objective To investigate the evolution of surgical treatment and it's influence on prognosis in reptured liver cystic echinococcosis.Method Clinical data of 110 surgically treated cases of reptured liver cystic echinococcosis from January 1990 to December 2008 were retrospectively analysed,and these cases were divided into three groups by different surgical approach;Group A(22 cases):removal of internal capsule,with formaldehyde or hydrogen peroxide regional anthelminthic,with residual cavity side edge of lock stitching or greater omentum filling or drainage after residual cavity closure;Group B (65 cases):Removal of intemal capsule,with hypertonic saline regional anthelminthic,with external capsule extrahepatic partial resection,with residual cavity bile leakage sutured,and with residual cavity open drainage,Group C(23 cases):the total or subtotal external capsule stripping operation,with hypertonic saline regional anthelminthic and drainage.Result The rate of overall postoperative complications of residual cavity was 40.9%、16.9%、0.0%(P<0.05)respectively and the recurrence rate was 18.2%、4.6%、0.0%(P<0.05)respectively;drainage time needed was the longest in group A,and shortest in group C,whereas the operation time was the longest in group C and it costed higher blood loss.Intraabdominal implantation of the hydatid significantly decreased with hypertonic saline treatment.Conclusion Total or near total removal of the external capsule of the hydatic cyst and hypertonic saline treatment with postoperative external drainage is the therapy of choice for reptured liver cystic echinococcosis.

Objective To establish a suitable and stable metastatic rabbit VX2 liver tumor model for the use in experimental study,to discuss the successful rate of different tumor transplanting methods,and to analyze the digital subtract angiography(DSA)imagining features of the transplanted liver tumor.Methods Sixty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups with 20 rabbits in each group.For the rabbits of two groups,receiving injection methods and used as control groups,VX2 carcinoma particle(containing about 5×107 carcinoma cells) was inoculated into the left hepatic lobe through injection via hepatic artery or through direct injection with a syringe needle.For the rabbits in the retrofit group tumor tissue particle(containing about 106-108 carcinoma cells)was directly transplanted into liver through puncturing of the Glisson's capsule.The observation included the following two respects. (1)The tumor's survival rate of the three groups was evaluated.(2)The DSA imaging feature of the transplanted tumor was observed.Results The survival rate of the transplanted tumor in three groups was 7/20,10/20 and 19/20 respectively,with the survival rate of the retrofit group being the highest in 3 groups(P＜0.05).On DSA the transplanted tumors were rich in blood supplying.Conclusion For the establishment of rabbit VX2 liver carcinoma model,the direct transplantation of the tumor tissue particle is obviously superior to the injection method(direct injection or through hepatic arterial injection)in obtaining higher successful rate.This technique provides clinical and fundamental liver cancer studies with a reliable,stable and mature tumor animal model.

Objective:This work aims to explore the application value of cervical exfoliated cell DNA (Cysteine dioxygenase type 1, CDO1 and CUGBP Elav-like family member 4, CELF4) methylation in the detection of endometrial cancer in women of childbearing age. Methods:From November 2021 to October 2022, a prospective study was conducted on a total number of 517 reproductive-age women with abnormal uterine bleeding who had surgical indications for hysteroscopy at the Xiangya Third Hospital of Central South University. The cervical exfoliated cells were collected for cytology, HPV (human papillomavirus) and gene methylation detection before operation. Clinical information of patients, level of tumor-related biomarkers, and endometrial thickness of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) were also collected. Single factor regression method was used to analyze the high-risk factors of endometrial cancer. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to obtain the area under the curve(AUC), focusing on the screening efficacy of gene methylation test for endometrial cancer in women of childbearing age.Results:The age, body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m 2, endometrial thickness≥11 mm, CDO1 m ΔCt≤8.4, CELF4 m ΔCt≤8.8, and double gene methylation were associated with endometrial cancer in women of childbearing age, 1.16(1.08-1.25), 4.33(1.89-10.31), 9.49(3.88-26.69), 69.62(25.70-224.36), 23.64(9.66-63.99), 87.39(24.83-555.05), all P<0.05. The AUC was 0.90 (95% CI 0.83-0.97) of CDO1 m/ CELF4 m in diagnosing endometrial carcinoma was higher than others factors, with sensitivity and specificity of 91.7% (95% CI 80.6%-100%) and 88.8% (95% CI 86.0%-91.6%). TVS combined with DNA methylation detection further improved the sensitivity to 95.8% (95% CI 87.8%-100%), but could not improve the specificity 68.0% (95% CI 63.8%-72.1%). Conclusions:For women of childbearing age with abnormal uterine bleeding or abnormal vaginal discharge, the accuracy of cervical cytology DNA methyl detection of endometrial cancer is better than other non-invasive clinical programs. DNA methylation combined with TVS can improve the sensitivity of detection.

Objective: To investigate the effects and the potential mechanism of shikonin on rat random flaps. Methods: Seventy-two wistar male rats in grade SPF were randomly divided into negative control group, tetramethylpyrazine group (TMP group) or shikonin treatment group. The random skin flap sized 8 cm×2 cm, with a cephalic based pedicle, was performed on the back of the rat. Each group was administered accordingly by intraperitoneal injection once per day for 7 days: shikonin treatment group (1 mg/kg), TMP group (10 mg/kg) and control group (1 ml/kg). Morphological changes of skin flaps were observed by HE staining. The positive expression of iNOS and COX-2 in skin flap tissues after operation were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The serum contents of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Results: Inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory reaction of flap was more severe in control group at different time points after operation. The number of inflammatory cells in shikonin treatment group and TMP group were significantly decreased, compared with controls (P<0.01). The decrease of the inflammatory cell numbers in shikonin treatment group was more significant. The proliferation of granulation tissue and fibroblast in skin flap was obvious, and the survival rates of the skin flap were significantly increased in shikonin treatment group and TMP group (both P<0.01). The numbers of iNOS or COX-2 positive cells in shikonin treatment group and TMP group were significantly decreased, when compared with controls (both P<0.01). Compared with TMP group, the numbers of iNOS and COX-2 positive cells in shikonin treatment group were significantly decreased (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively)in early period after operation. Compared with the control group, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in shikonin treatment group and TMP group were significantly decreased (all P<0.01). The shikonin treatment group developed more significant reduce. Conclusions Shikonin can significantly improve inflammatory response of skin flap in rats, which might be related to inhibiting the expression of iNOS and COX-2, decreasing serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 , and reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines .

OBJECTIVES: To develop a Chinese version of the Long-Term Conditions Questionnaire (LTCQ) and to test its reliability and validity in Chinese patients with chronic diseases. METHODS: With the consent of the original authors, a Chinese version of LTCQ was developed according to the cultural adjustment guidelines. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 319 patients with chronic diseases in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Wuyi County First People's Hospital and Hangzhou Gongchen Bridge Street Health Service Center. The questionnaire was evaluated by item analysis (including frequency analysis, total question correlation method and critical ratio method), reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and validity analysis [including content validity (expert scoring method) and structural validity (exploratory factor analysis)]. RESULTS The Chinese version of the LTCQ included 20 entries, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.926, a retest reliability of 0.829, a split-half reliability of 0.878, an entry content validity index of 1, and a content validity index at the questionnaire level of 1. Four common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, namely physical state and daily life, psychological state, support and coping, and safe environment, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 67.244%. Discussion: The Chinese version of the LTCQ developed in this study has good reliability and validity and it may be used to assess the long-term conditions of patients with chronic diseases in China.
Humans ; Asian People ; China ; Chronic Disease ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: To develop a Chinese version of the Stress Adaption Scale (SAS) and to assess its reliability and validity among Chinese patients with multimorbidity. METHODS: The Brislin model was used to translate, synthesize, back-translate, and cross culturally adapt the SAS. A total of 323 multimorbidity patients selected by convenience sampling method from four hospitals in Zhejiang province. The critical ratio method, total question correlation method, and graded response model (item characteristic curve and item discrimination) were used for item analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half reliability were used for the reliability analysis. Content validity analysis, structural validity analysis, and criterion association validity analysis were performed by expert scoring method, confirmatory factor analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient method, respectively. RESULTS: The Chinese version of the SAS contained 2 dimensions of resilience and thriving, with a total of 10 items. In the item analysis, the critical ratio method showed that the critical ratio of all items was greater than 3.0 (P<0.001); the correlation coefficient method showed that the Pearson correlation coefficients for all items exceeded 0.4 (P<0.01). The graded response model showed that items of the revised scale exhibited distinct item characteristic curves and all items had discrimination parameters exceeding 1.0. In the reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the revised Chinese version of the SAS scale was 0.849, and the split-half reliability was 0.873. In the validity analysis, the item-level content validity index and scale-level content validity index both exceeded 0.80. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the revised two-factor model showed satisfactory fit indices (χ²/df=3.115, RMSEA=0.081, RMR=0.046, GFI=0.937, AGFI=0.898, CFI=0.936, TLI=0.915). In the criterion-related validity analysis, the Chinese version of the SAS score was negatively correlated with the Perceived Stress Scale and the Treatment Burden Questionnaire, with correlation coefficients of －0.592 and －0.482, respectively (both P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the SAS has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the stress adaption capacity among multimorbidity patients in China, and provides a reference for developing individualized health management measures.
Humans ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Asian People ; China ; Multimorbidity ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stress, Psychological/psychology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Translating ; Cross-Cultural Comparison