Objective To investigate the effect of genistein on the proliferation,migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods Prostate cancer LNCaP and CWR22RV1 cells were divided into the control group(conventional culture)and the experimental group(50μmol/L genistein treatment).The effect of genistein on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells were analyzed by MTT assay.The effect of genistein on the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells were analyzed by cell scratch assay and Transwell assay.The protein levels of epithelial interstital transformation(EMT)intermediate markers E-Cadherin,N-Cadherin,Vimentin,and tumor stem cell markers CD44 and Oct-4 were detected by Western blot assay.Results MTT assay showed that genistein could inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells.The scratch closure rates of LNCaP and CWR22RV1 cells were significantly reduced in the experimental group compared with those in the control group,and the number of cells passing through the Transwell membrane was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Western blot assay showed that genistein could down-regulate the expression levels of N-Cadherin,Vimentin,CD44 and Oct4 in prostate cancer cells,and up-regulate the expression of E-Cadherin in epithelial cells(P＜0.01).Conclusion Genistein reduces the dryness of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting the EMT process,thus reducing the proliferation,migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of spleen-invigorating, dampness-removing and stasis-dissolving formula (SDSF) combined with endocrinotherapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).Methods:A retrospective case control study was conducted. The clinical data of 193 mHSPC patients treated at First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, and Tianjin First Central Hospital from January 2018 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with continuous endocrinotherapy and they were divided into the combination therapy group (82 cases) and the monotherapy group (94 cases) based on whether they received SDSF treatment or not. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), serum testosterone, blood lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol), fasting blood glucose, and international prostate symptoms score (I-PSS) and Karnofsky score were compared between the 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the progression-free survival (PFS), and log-rank test was performed. The Cox proportional risk model was used to make univariate analysis and multivariate analysis on the influencing factors of PFS.Results:A total of 176 mHSPC patients were finally enrolled and the age was 67±11 years. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of PSA, serum testosterone, triglyceride, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose, I-PSS score and Karnofsky score between the two groups (all P > 0.05). A total of 91 mHSPC patients developed metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), including the combination therapy group (40 cases) and the monotherapy group (51 cases), and 9 patients died because of the progression to mCRPC. The median PFS time of all patients was 19 months, that was 17.9 months in the monotherapy group and 20.4 months in the combination therapy group; and the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups ( P = 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that combination therapy with SDSF and the lowest testosterone level were independent influencing factors of PFS ( P = 0.001). The total cholesterol at 6-, 9-, 12-month in the combination therapy group was lower than that in the monotherapy group (all P < 0.05), triglyceride at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-month in the combination therapy group was lower than that in the monotherapy group (all P < 0.05); and the differences in fasting blood glucose after treatment at different time points were not statistically significant between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05); I-PSS score at 9-, 12-month in the monotherapy group was lower than that in the monotherapy group (both P < 0.05). Conclusions:The combination of SDSF with endocrinotherapy can delay the progression of mHSPC, improve treatment-related complications, and enhance patients' quality of life.

Prostate cancer remains the second most common malignancy in men worldwide, is a global health issue, and poses a huge health burden. Precision medicine provides more treatment options for prostate cancer patients, but its popularity, drug resistance, and adverse reactions still need to be focused on. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely accepted as an alternative therapy for cancer, with the advantages of multiple targets, multiple pathways, and low toxicity. We searched the experimental research and clinical practice of CHMs for prostate cancer treatment published in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science in the last five years. We found five CHM formulas and six single CHM extracts as well as 12 CHM-derived compounds, which showed induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest, suppression of angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration of prostate cancer cells, reversal of drug resistance, and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity. The mechanisms of action include the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AR, EGFR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, which are commonly implicated in the development of prostate cancer. We also summarized the advantages of CHMs in patients with hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer and provided ideas for their further experimental design and application.

The most common subtype of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has a poor prognosis and seriously threatens the health of human beings. The multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment model has gradually become the mainstream of NSCLC treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can be used effectively either as an adjunctive therapy or alone throughout the NSCLC therapy, which has a significant impact on survival, quality of life, and reduction of toxicity. Therefore, this paper reviewed the theoretical basis, the latest clinical application, and combined treatment mechanisms in order to explore the advantage stage of TCM treatment and the synergistic therapeutic mechanisms.