Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([ Ca2+ ]i) in isolated rabbit tracheal smooth muscle cells (TSMCs).Methods The single rabbit TSMC was isolated by acute enzymatic isolation method as described by Cheng et al.The isolated TSMCs were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =5 each):propofol group (group Ⅰ ),propofol + 2-aminoethoxy-diphenylborate (2-APB) group (group Ⅱ ) and propofol + the blocker ryanodine group (group Ⅲ).In group Ⅰ,the cells were incubated with propofol with the final concentration of 300 μmol/L for 15 min,followed by washing with calcium-free Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) for 3 times,acetylcholine 1 μmol/L was then added to the culture medium and [ Ca2+ ]i was recorded.In group Ⅱ,the cells were incubated with 2-APB with the final concentration of 40 μmol/L for 15 min,propofol with the final concentration of 300 μmol/L was then added,the cells were incubated with 2-APB and propofol for another 15 min,followed bywashing with calcium-free HBSS for 3 times,and acetylcholine 1 μmol/L was then added.In group Ⅲ,the cells were incubated with ryanodine with the final concentration of 10 μmol/L for 15 min,propofol with the final concentration of 300 μmol/L was then added,the cells were incubated with ryanodine and propofol for another 15 min,followed by washing with calcium-free HBSS for 3 times,and acetylcholine 1 μmol/L was then added.[ Ca2+ ]i in TSMCs was measured using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fluor-3/AM.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,no significant change was found in [Ca2+ ]i in group Ⅱ (P＞0.05),while [Ca2+ ]i was significantly decreased in group Ⅲ (P＜0.05).Conclusion Propofol can decrease the [Ca2+ ]i in isolated rabbit TSMCs,and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate pathway,but not ryanodine pathway.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)in recent years is a new disease detection methods basedon molecular biology level.It has the advantage of sensitive,specific,trace,simple,fast,but in the operation due to multiple factors,quality control is not easy to control.Especially in the first stage of quality control,it engages alot of operations and is weakest stage such needs most concern.It is necessary and important to have a good quality control;it not only improve the reliability and accu-racy of PCR testing,treatment of molecular biology,the professional level of work staff,but also reduce patient disputes and increase technology access,acceptance of the PCR laboratory.In this paper,the author from the factors which influence the first stage of PCR:whether correctly fill PCR test application form,patient preparation,handling,transportation,storage of good sample,unqualified specimen rejection,the requirement of laboratory technicians,calibration and maintenance on the in-struments;quality check on reagents,consumables quality inspection,standard operating procedures (SOP)writing,and la-boratory safety.Hope this paper can do a good reference for other same profession.

Objective:To explore the impact of applying micro-video tracing training model to emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) knowledge training on the autonomous learning ability and learning outcomes among emergency department nurses.Methods:In this study, the training content was developed from the perspective of the historical development of EIDs. The training program was constructed in the form of a micro-video classification module and periodic WeChat group push-based autonomous learning. Convenience sampling was used to select 85 emergency nurses ( n=85) from a grade A tertiary general hospital in Shanghai for micro-video tracing training. The nurses were provided with EIDs knowledge training using a module consisting of 11 episodes, each of which included 5 sessions, i.e., enlightening thinking, micro-video learning, key point consolidation, key point analysis, and extension and expansion. After the intervention, the nurses were compared for their autonomous learning ability and their knowledge, belief, and action levels of EIDs, and their degree of satisfaction with the training model was evaluated. SPSS 20.0 and GraphPad Prism 9.3.0 were used for non-parametric Wilcoxon paired tests of quartiles ( Q25, M, and Q75). Results:After the training, the emergency department nurses had significantly higher scores in overall autonomous learning ability ( Z=-4.69, P<0.001) and in each dimension: concept of self-motivation ( Z=-4.48, P<0.001), task analysis ( Z=-4.06, P<0.001), self-monitoring and regulation ( Z=-4.50, P<0.001), and self-evaluation ( Z=-4.82, P<0.001); they had significantly higher scores in overall knowledge, belief, and action levels of EIDs ( Z=-4.65, P<0.001) and in each dimension: knowledge ( Z=-4.04, P<0.001), belief ( Z=-3.24, P=0.001), and action ( Z=-4.05, P<0.001). Emergency department nurses had a high degree of satisfaction with the training model (degree of satisfaction for each item >90%). Conclusions:The micro-video tracing training model can effectively improve the autonomous learning ability of emergency department nurses and their knowledge, belief, and action levels of EIDs, with a high degree of satisfaction among the nurses, making it promising for wide use.