Objective To investigate the effects of bisphenol A(BPA)exposure to perinatal on learning and memory behaviour in F1 generation male rats.Methods From the 11th day of gestation to the 7th day of field test was used to detect the locomotion activity,the Morris water maze was employed to measure learning and memory ability and long-term potentiation(LTP)were recorded to detect the synaptic plasticity in hippocampus CA1 with extracellular recording.Results The crossing number of BPA group(70.35±13.56)was much more than control group((29.32±14.12),P＜0.05).The number of standing up and ornament of BPA group((38.52±6.52),(6.26±2.78))were both higher than control group((10.35±8.38),(2.67±1.46),P＜0.05).BPA rats had longer escape latencies to find platform((55.22±5.78)s)than control rats((21.22±2.65)s,P＜0.05).Conditional protocol with high-frequency stimulation evoked a stable LTP in hippocampus CA1 region in control rats((162.13±10.12)%),however the LTP could not be induced with the same conditional protocol in BPA-exposed rats((101.05±7.58)%,P＜0.05).Conclusion Perinatal BPA exposure impaires learning and memory ability in F1 generation male rats related to presynaptic dysfunction.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of monosegmental pedicle instrumentation in management of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Methods A total of 67 patients with traumatic thora-columbar burst fractures (type A3.1 and A3.2) were treated with monosegmental pedicle instrumentation in our department from October 2003 to February 2008. Imageologic effect was observed by measuring sagittal index and wedge index via X-ray and clinical outcomes evaluated by using low back outcome score. Results All operations were performed successfully, with average operation duration of 93 mi-nutes and average intraoperative blood loss of 157 ml. Of all, 65 patients were followed up for 4-27 months (average 19.8 months), which showed that all the patients achieved bony fusion, with no implant failure except for one with screw loosening. The sagittal index and wedge index were 13.06°and 42.9% preoperatively and 4.47° and 21.78% postoperatively, with statistical difference (P <0.01). The final follow-up showed no significant correction loss except for two patients (P < 0.05). The low back outcome scores of all patients at follow-up were improved significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusions Monoseg-mental pedicle instrumentation has advantages of minimal invasion, short operative duration, less blood loss and less vertebral motion segment loss and hence is an effective and reliable operative technique for thoracolumbar burst fractures.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of liver transplantation for the treatment of polycystic liver disease.Methods The clinical data of 8 patients with polycystic liver disease who received liver transplantation at the Third Affiliated Hospital from September 2003 to July 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent modified piggyback liver transplantation with vena cava plasty,and 1 of the patients received simultaneons liver-kidney transplantation.Data including acute rejections,complications,graft functions and survival time of patients were recorded.Results Operation was successfully performed on all patients.The mean operation time,anhepatic phase and operative blood loss were (7.5 +2.8)hours (range,4-11 hours),(42 + 14)minutes (range,25-70 minutes) and (2250 ± 1850)ml (range,2000-6500 ml),respectively.One patient received liver retransplantation at 45 days after primary liver transplantation because of hepatic artery stenosis.Two patients died during perioperative period.One patient died of pulmonary infection and multiple organ disfunction syndrome (MODS) at 39 days after operation,and the other one died of MODS at 59 days after operation.The median follow-up time was 60 months (range,37-93 months).Six patients survived for more than 3 years,4 patients survived for more than 5 years and 2 patients survived for more than 7 years.No acute rejection of gratis was observed at the end of the follow up.Conclusion Liver transplantation is safe and effective for the treatment of polycystic liver disease.

ObjectiveTo investigate the choice of graft,and transfusion and immunosuppressant regimen of a RhD negative recipient in liver transplantation.MethodsOne RhD negative patient with hepatocellular carcinoma who received a liver graft from a RhD positive donor was retrospectively studied,and related references were reviewed.During the operation,the patient received five units of RhD negative/O RBC,3000 ml positive/O plasma and 30 units cryoprecipitate.Tacrolimus and prednisone were used to prevent rejection,and prednisone was withdrawn 30d post transplant.Results The patient's liver function recovered smoothly,without any acute rejection or hemolytic reaction.Anti-D antibody was not detected.The patient suffered from cancer recurrence 9 months and died of brain metastasis 13 months after transplantation.ConclusionsA RhD negative recipient can receive a graft from a RhD positive donor in liver transplantation.The selection of RBC and platelet from RhD negative or positive donors should be based on the result of anti-D antibody test.Plasma and cryoprecipitate can be transfused regardless of Rh type.Enhanced immunosuppressant regimen was unnecessary for these patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and indications of salvage liver transplantation for patients with recurrent hepatecellular carcinoma(HCC)after liver resection.MethodsThe clinical data of 35 HCC patients who received salvage liver transplantation after liver resection at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University from October 2003 to March 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into the salvage liver transplantation(SLT)group(n = 19)and extended SLT group(n = 16).Perioperative condition,postoperative complications and prognosis of the 2 groups were compared.The survival rate was analyzed and compared by the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test,respectively.Results The anhepatic phase,ischaemic time,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,packed red blood cell transfusion,fresh frozen plasms transfusion,mobidity and retransplantation rate were(32 ± 9)minutes,(8.0 ± 2.1)hours,(7.6 ± 1.5)hours,2300 ml,8 U,23 U,6/19 and 2/19 in the SLT group,and(34 ± 7)minutes,(7.4 ± 2.3)hours,(7.4 ± 2.0)hours,2750 ml,12 U,20 U,4/16,1/16 in the extended SLT group,respectively,with no significant difference between the 2 groups(t=0.726,-0.804,-0.366,Z=-0.348,-0.549,-0.149,x2 =0.184,0.203,P＞0.05).The perioperative mortality,tumor recurrence rate were 0 and 2/19 in the SLT group,and 4/16 and 9/16 in the extended SLT group,with significant differences between the 2 groups(x2 = 5.363,8.426,P ＜ 0.05).The 1-,3-,5-year cumulative survival rates were 100%,84% and 84% in the SLT group,and 75%,33% and 33% in the extended SLT group.The 1-,3-,5-year tumor-free survival rates were 100%,89% and 89% in the SLT group,and 48%,29% and 19% in the extended SLT group.There were significant differences in the cumulative and tumor-free survival rates between the2 groups(x2 =11.58,19.31,P＜0.05).Conclusions The efficacy of SLT is satisfactory in the treatment of recurrent HCC.The optimal indication for SLT is Milan criteria.

BACKGROUND:Hydroxyapatite (HA) artificial bone,as bone grafting substitute,would not cause inflammatory reaction or immunological rejection and possesses good biocompatibility after transplantation into human body.It is a novel implant material with bone conduction ability.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of HA artificial bone in bilateral open-door posterior cervical expansive laminoplasty and to make a comparison with autogenous bone.DESIGN,TIME AND SETFING:A retrospective case analysis was performed at the Department of Spine Surgery,Hungpuyuan Branch,the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from March 2001 to December 2008.PARTICIPANTS:Seventy patients with cervical spondylosis complicated by compression in 3 or more segments or by cervical stenosis and additional fifteen patients with cervical stenosis complicated by cervical trauma were included in this study.METHODS:A bilateral open-door posterior cervical expansive laminoplasty was performed,in which,23 patients received autogenous bone transplantation (autogenous bone group) and 62 patients underwent HA artificial bone transplantation (HA group).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score pdor to and after surgery,surgery time,and intraoperative bleeding.② HA artificial bone-host biocompatibility.RESULTS:All eighty-five patients were followed up for more than 3 months.There was no significant difference in JOA scores no matter prior to or after surgery between the autogenous bone and HA groups (P＞0.05).The surgery time averaged 85.2 minutes (range 65-110 minutes) in the HA group and averaged 116.4 minutes (range 75-150 minutes) in the autogenous bone group.The intraoperative bleeding averaged 210 mL (range 130-400 mL) in the HA group and averaged 260 mL (range 170-500 mL) in the autogenous bone group.There were no material-host response and other severe complications found in each group,except HA artificial bone fragmentation in 3 patients from the HA group.CONCLUSION:HA artificial bone yields good efficacy and causes fewer complications in bilateral open-door posterior cervical expansive laminoplasty;in addition,it requires less time for surgery and causes less bleeding.

Objective: To develop novel strategies to identify relevant molecular signatures for complex human diseases based on data of identical-by-decent profiles and genomic context.Methods: In the proposed strategies, we define four relevancy criteria for mapping SNP-phenotype relationships-point-wise IBD mean difference, averaged IBD difference for window, Z curve and averaged slope for window.Results: Application of these criteria and permutation test to 100 simulated replicates for two hypothetical American populations to extract the relevant SNPs for alcoholism based on sib-pair IBD profiles of pedigrees demonstrates that the proposed strategies have successfully identified most of the simulated true loci.Conclusion: The data mining practice implies that IBD statistic and genomic context could be used as the informatics for locating the underlying genes for complex human diseases. Compared with the classical Haseman-Elston sib-pair regression method, the proposed strategies are more efficient for large-scale genomic mining.

Objective To explore the relationship between the apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma tissue and its adjacent tissues with the survival time of patients with esophageal carcinoma by examining the apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma tissue and its adjacent tissues.Methods FCM Wag performed to detect the rates of apoptosis in 68 cases of esophageal carcinoma and their adjacent tissues and 28 cases of normal esophageal mucosae tissue.Sixty-three patients with esophageal carcinoma had been followed up and noted the survival time of every patient from the operated day to the deadline.Results The rate of apoptosis was the highest in the normal esophageal mucosae tissue(12.78±1.32)%,(7.79±1.48)% in adjacent tissue,and(4.16±2.06)% in esophageal carcinoma tissue,respectively.To follow the survival time after operation of 63 cases with esophageal carcinoma showed 60 cases in one year survival time and 35 cases in three years survival time.The rate of apoptosis in the esophageal carcinoma and its adjacent tissues wag(3.45±1.51)% and (3.96±0.94)% in the patients of one year survival time,(3.90±2.53)% and (7.89±2.27)% in the patients of three years survival time,respectively,P<0.05.Conclusions There is the phenomenon of apoptosis-escape in the esophageal carcinogenesis.There is close relationship between the apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma tissue and the survival time after operation.The apoptosis in the adjacent tissue is more important than that in the esophageal carcinoma tissue for evaluating the survival time after operation of patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To study the expression of early growth response gene-1(Egr-1)in esophageal carcinoma tissue,and to explore the relationship between Egr-1 and the survival time of the patients with esophageal carcinoma.Methods RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of Egr-1 mRNA in68 cases of esophageal carcinoma.The relationship between survival time and prognosis was analyzed.Results The expression of Egr-1 mRNA was the lowest(0.567±0.404),(0.945±0.336)and(1.201±0.347)in esophageal carcinoma tissue,para-cancerous tissue and normal esophageal mucosa tissue,respectively(F=12.709,P＜0.05,P＜0.00).21 cases showed the positive expression of Egr-1 mRNA of both the esophageal carcinoma tissue and the para-cancerous tissue.21 cases showed the positive expression of Egr-1 mRNA in a single esophageal carcinoma tissue or the para-cancerous tissue.26 cases showed the negative expression of Egr-1 mRNA both in the esophageal carcinoma tissue and the paracancerous tissue.The positive rate of Egr-1mRNA expression was 65.71%and 30.00%in the groups of the survival time for three years and the groups of the survival time for one year(P＜0.05).The survival rates in the two groups with positive expression of Egr-1 mRNA were 94.44%and 86.96%,respectively(P＞0.05).Conclusion Decreased level of EGR1 expression may be related to esophageal carcinogenesis.The expression level of Egr-1 mRNA might be associated with the survival time of the patients with esophageal carcinoma.Egr-1 expression in esophageal carcinoma tissue may be of great value for determining prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.

ObjectiveTo study the role of micafungin in the treatment of invasive fungal infection after liver transplantation.MethodsWe retrospectively studied the clinical data of 32 patients who developed invasive fungal infection after liver transplantation treated in our center between December 2008 and June 2010.The therapeutic effect,adverse effect,and the blood concentration/dose ratio of tacrolimus (tacrolimus concentration per dose.kg-1) before and after micafungin treatment were analysed.ResultsThe curative rate was 93.7％.There were no obvious toxicity and sideeffect.The blood concentration/dose ratio in the triazoles treatment group [(1031± 634.2) ng·ml-1/mg · kg-1] was markably higher than the micafungin treatment group [(172.6±39.45) ng·ml-1/mg · kg-1] and the control group (ceasing antifungal agents) [(183.8±47.08) ng· ml-1/mg · kg-1] (P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the blood concentration/dose ratio between the micafungin treatment group and the control group (P＞0.05).ConclusionsMicafungin did not significantly affect the blood concentration/dose ratio of tacrolimus,and effectively treated invasive fungal infection in patients after liver transplantation.