The left clavicle of a healthy female was scanned by CT and serial sections were obtained. The CT images were fed into the Mimics and Ansys 10.0 software to construction a three-dimensional and finite element modeling of clavicle. Through meshing, assigning the material attribution, restricting the freedom and stimulating loading which effect to the vertical area of the acromion surface of clavicle, the result of stress and strain distribution and response of the model was obtained. Under the loading, the stress and strain mainly concentrated within the middle 1/3 part of the clavicle, and the stress on the superior surface was obviously highter than inferior surface. But the highest strain concentrated within the inferior surface of the middle 1/3 part of clavicle. The stress on superior surface of the middle 1/3 part of the clavicel was mainly tensile stress,or the inferior surface was compression stress. The stress and strain distribution didn't changed when the coracoclaviculare ligamenta was constructed. The result of finite element analysis of clavicle explains the reason why the middle 1/3 part of clavicle is prone to fracture, and the stress and strain distribution didn't changed when the coracoclaviculare ligamenta was constructed. Also, finite element analysis can be used to effectively understand the biomechanical characteristics of clavicle.

BACKGROUND: There is not any experimental model that can reflect the pathological change of hormone-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head in a good way nowadays, which is unfavourable to the further observation of its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: The model of the avascular necrosis of the femoral head is induced by giving a large dose of dexamethasone into rabbits, which provides the animal experimental models for the study of clinical pathogenesis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the Animal Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from June 2004 to August 2005. MATERIALS: Sixteen healthy adult New Zealand albino rabbits (50% female and 50% male), weighing 3.0-3.2 kg were selected for this study. Dexamethasone was provided by Jiangsu Lianshui Medical Co., Ltd. etalon: 5 g/L. METHODS: Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: model and control groups. Dexamethasone of 2.5 mg/kg per day was injected into each rabbit of the model group, and saline of 2 mL was injected into each rabbit of the control group for 6 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum lipid and prothrombin time (pt) were tested before and after the experiment, and the histopathological change was observed with radiography, optical microscrope and transmission electron microscopy at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of dexamethasone administration. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, in the model group cholesterin levels were significantly increased at 2 weeks (P

Objective To compare the clinical safety and efficacy of simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and staged bilateral TKA in treatment of both knee osteoarthritis.Methods A total of 119 patients (14 males,105 females) with both knee osteoarthritis who underwent TKA from March 2005 to March 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Their ages ranged from 30 to 81 years with the average age of 65.23±6.33 years.The patients were divided into three groups according to different treaments:simultaneous bilateral TKA group,staged bilateral TKA group during the same hospitalization period and staged bilateral TKA group in two separate hospitalization periods.All the procedures were performed by the same surgeons and the same type of prostheses (LPS-Flex,Zimmer,US) were implanted.Differences of preoperative factors (age,height,body mass in dex and complications),treatment factors (preoperative hemoglobin,operation time,drainage volume,blood transfusion volume,total hospitalization time and total hospitalization costs) and postoperative curative effects (HSS scores,WOMAC scores and ROM)among three groups were compared.The analysis of viariace,LSD-t test and x2 test were used for data analysis.Results The differences of gender composition,body mass index,preoperative hemoglobin were not statistically significant among three groups (P＞0.05).The patientsin simultaneous bilateral TKA group were younger,and havelower incidence ofpreoperative complications (P＜0.05).The differences of post-operative HSS scores,WOMAC scores and ROM were not statistically significant among the three groups (P＞0.05).Although the total hospitalization time,operation time were shorter,and the hospitalization costs were significant ly lower in simultaneous bilateral TKA group,the total drainage volume,the total blood transfusion volume and incidence of postoperative complication rate were higher in this group than those of the other two grops (P＜0.05).Conclusion Due to great impact on patients' physiological conditions,more postoperative complication occurrence and high risk of periprosthetic infection,the decision of simultaneous bilateral TKA should be made cautiously.

Objective To investigate the expression of stathmin and evaluate its influence to anti-microtubule adjuvant chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods The clinical data and survival status of 78 NSCLC patients were collected,and their paraffin-embedded tissue were detected immunohistochemically with a rabbit anti-human stathmin polyclonal antibody.The clinical significance of stathmin expression and its influence to overall survival rate were analyzed statistically between patients who received paclitaxel or vinblastine adjuvant chemotherapy.Results The positive expression of stathmin could only be observed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells.Among 78 patients,40 (51.3 ％ ) patients were stained stathmin-positive.The positive rate of stathmin was significantly higher in male than female,in central type than peripheral type,in pleura-involved than non-involved,and in dead patients than survival patients ( P ＜ 0.05 ),but showed no significant differences in patients with different age,differentiated grade,pathological type,clinical stage,or lymph-node metastasis status.The expression of stathmin had a significant influence to overall survival rate(x2 =4.348,P ＜0.05 ),and those stathmin-negative patients showed a longer survival time.In stathmin-negative patients,those who received adjuvant chemotherapy with vinblastine exhibited a shorter survival time than those with paclitaxel,but the P =0.06.In stathmin-positive patients,the survival rate or time showed no difference between groups with paclitaxel and vinblastine.The differentiated grade,metastasis to lymph node and expression of stathmin were independent risk factors influencing survival rate.The positive expression of stathmin could only be observed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells.Among 78 patients,40 (51.3 ％ )patients were stained stathminpositive.The positive rate of stathmin was significantly higher in male than female,in central type than peripheral type,in pleura-involved than non-involved,and in dead patients than survival patients ( P ＜ 0.05 ),but showed no significant differences in patients with different age,differentiated grade,pathological type,clinical stage,or lymph-node metastasis status.The expression of stathmin had a significant influence to overall survival rate(x2 =4.348,P ＜ 0.05 ),and those stathmin-negative patients showed a longer survival time.In stathmin-negative patients,those who received adjuvant chemotherapy with vinblastine exhibited a shorter survival time than those with paclitaxel,but the P =0.06.In stathmin-positive patients,the survival rate or time showed no difference between groups with paclitaxel and vinblastine.The differentiated grade,metastasis to lymph node and expression of stathmin were independent risk factors influencing survival rate.Conclusion Our study suggested that the detection of stathmin in resected NSCLC tumor tissues may be helpful for prediction of prognosis,but helpless for making a choice between paclitaxel and vinblastine.NSCLC patients with stathmin-negative,no metastasis to lymph node or good-differentiated grade may have a better prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of related substances in Lovastatin tablet. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Waters XTerra? MS C18 with mobile phase A of 0.01%Phosphoric acid solution and B of acetonitrile(gradient elution)at a flow rate 1.0 ml/min,column temperature was 40 ℃,the detection wavelength was 238 nm,and the injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The impurity components were well separated in principal components;the linear range of lovastatin was 17.5-700 μg/ml(r=0.9999);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 1%;recov-ery was 99.30%-100.67%(RSD=0.4%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is reproducible with good durability and high preci-sion,and can be used for the quality control of Lovastatin tablet.

OBJECTIVE: To explore and analyze the the expression change of miRNA associated with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) treated by the Salvia combined with law-dose prednisolone. METHODS: Ten pairs of tissues from patients with typical early or advanced stage clinical pathological features of OSF and their paired normal tissues (internal control), were selected respectively. The miRNA expression profiles between the OSF and its paired controls were compared by the Affymetrix analysis. The primary normal oral mucous cells were cultured in arecoline (50 μg/mL) for 3, 6, 12 d (0 d ser ved as cont rol), and the primary OSF-fibroblast cells were cultured with Salvia (90 mg/mL) combined with low-dose prednisolone for 12, 24, 36 h (0 h served as control). The differential expression of miRNA was detected. RESULTS: Arecoline induced the expression changes of miRNAs in normal mucosal cells. Salvia combined with low doses of prednisolone reversed the related miRNA expression. CONCLUSION MiRNAs play an essential role in the occurrence and development of OSF. Salvia combined with low-dose prednisolone can reverse the expression of related miRNAs in OSF cells.
Arecoline ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Mouth Mucosa ; cytology ; drug effects ; Oral Submucous Fibrosis ; metabolism ; Prednisolone ; pharmacology ; Salvia ; chemistry ; Transcriptome

Objective To explore the effect of microRNA-203(miR-203) on the expression of collagen type Ⅳ alpha 4(COL4A4) and its role in oral submucous fibrosis(OSF).Methods It has been revealed that COL4A4 is the putative target of miR-203 by retrieving a variety of bioinformatics software tools.The expression of COL4A4 protein in the indicated tissues was examined by Western blotting analysis and the potential binding sites of miR-203 and COL4A4-3'UTR was analyzed by using bioinformatics.This study integrated a fragment of COL4A4 3'UTR containing the target sequence into the pMIR-REPORT luciferase vector.Then,the COL4A4 3'UTR-luciferase and miR-203 were contransfected into 293T cells.Beta-gal was used as a control to monitor transfection efficiency.Cells were harvested and luciferase activity was measured after 24 h of transfection.Results The relative expression mean valves of COL4A4 were 2.46±2.26 in OSF and 0.70±0.49 in normal control.The expression of COL4A4 in OSF was higher than normal control(P＜0.05) and the difference between groups was statistically significant.The relative expression mean valves of miR-203 were 2.57±2.09 in OSF and 154.07±191.11 in normal control.The expression of miR-203 in OSF was lower than in normal control(P＜0.01) and the difference between groups was statistically significant.Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the COL4A4 3'UTR had a conserved site (site 1) and 3 non-conserved sites(site 2,site 3,site4) complementary to the miR-203.MiR-203 could significantly inhibit site 1-luciferase reporter activity,partially inhibited site 3-and site 4-1uciferase reporter activities,while no significant effect on site 3-luciferase reporter activity.Conclusions MiR-203 was negatively correlated with the expression of COL4A4 protein in OSF.Moreover,miR-203 repressed the expression of COL4A4 by targeting 3'UTR site of COL4A4 mRNA.

From April 2017 to April 2018, three male patients aged 46-71 years with large area burns were treated in our hospital. Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) symptoms of the patients began to appear 15-81 days after injury. AAC was diagnosed 24-81 days after injury. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy was performed 26-82 days after injury. The symptoms subsided in 2 patients, and cholecystectomy was performed in 1 patient with gallbladder perforation 94 days after injury. The patients were cured and discharged 41-118 days after injury. No recurrence of cholecystitis occurred during 8-9 months of follow-up after discharge.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of situational simulation teaching in the clinical clerkship education of endodontics.Methods:Stomatology students from Batch 2015 of Xinjiang Medical University were selected and randomly divided into two groups, experimental group ( n=28), taking situational simulation teaching and control group ( n=27), taking traditional teaching. The SEGUE scale was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching methods. SPSS 21.0 software was used for independent samples t-test. Results:The theoretical results of the experimental group [(91.31±3.37) points] were higher than those of the control group [(87.93±4.28) points], with significant differences ( P < 0.05). According to the scores of SEGUE scale, the communication ability scores before and after teaching in the experimental group were (9.07±3.37) points and (21.86±2.47) points, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05); the control group were (8.85±3.43) points and (15.67±2.87) points, respectively; the teaching effect of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The application of situational simulation teaching can effectively improve doctor-patient communication skills of medical students, thereby promoting the combination of theory and practice, and has a positive impact on improving students' clinical practice communication skills in the future.

Periodontitis is closely related to systemic health,especially adverse pregnancy.Periodontal pathogens are actively in-volved in the formation and development of intrauterine infections.Studies have shown that infection by periodontal pathogens is an im-portant risk factor for adverse pregnancy.Periodontal pathogens reach the uterus via the hematogenous or retrograde route,and the bacte-ria,their virulence factors,and the immunoinflammatory mediators produced by the pathogens promote each other and together mediate the development of intrauterine infections and ultimately lead to adverse pregnancies.This article reviews the role of periodontitis and perio-dontal pathogens in adverse pregnancies and their mechanisms of infection to provide new possibilities for improving the birth rate.