Objective To investigate and analyze the data of continuing medical education in order to understand the real need of the learners.Methods Reviewing and making statistic analysis of the data of Renji hospital's continuing medical education courses from 2007 to 2012,including the amount,title,discipline,geographical distribution,training content and the questionnaire survey.Results It shows that the learners from coastal and developed areas have a higher demand for cuttingedge technology and the new progress in medicine(49.1％),while the learners from inland and western regions prefer to learn the basic medical theory and technology (41.9％).Senior doctors tend to study cutting-edge technology and new progress medical courses (51.7％) while the junior persons prefer the basic medical knowledge (46.6％).These mean that the needs of content of continuing medical education is associated with the regions and the level of the doctors (P＜0.05).Conclusion The conclusions prompt that medical development between different regions of China may be unbalanced.Chinese government should pay more attention in terms of allocation of health resources and personnel training.It also provides advice for future courses so that it may improve the efficiency of the medical education resources.

In recent years,antibiotics have been playing more and more important roles in maintaining human health with the increasing variety and quantity.However,under the influence of different reasons caused by subjective or objective factors,antibiotics irrational use has induced bacterial resistance and adverse reactions,which are becoming more and more serious.The paper put forward the countermeasures of antibiotics irrational use and provided reference for rational use of antibiotics based on the present situation analysis in China and foreign experience in order to control the irrational use.

Objective To examine the prevalence ofHelicobacter pylori in Shanghai and relevant risk factors, evaluate the resistance proifle ofH. pylori isolates to antibiotics used in ifrst-line therapy in two hospitals in Shanghai.MethodsH. pylori were isolated from the biopsy samples of gastric mucosa collected from September 2013 to January 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by E-test method for 131H. pylori strains to 4 antibiotics, clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin and tetracycline. Results A total of 955 patients receiving gastroscopy were enrolled. And 248 (26.0%)H. pylori strains were isolated from the biopsy samples of gastric mucosa. Overall, 14.5%, 64.1%, 0 and 0.8% of the strains were resistant to clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin and tetracycline, respectively. Resistance to two drugs was found in 10.7%(14/131) of the strains, and majority (92.8%, 13/14) of which were resistant to clarithromycin and metronidazole.Conclusions The prevalence ofH. pylori in gastric mucosa is rather lower compared with the data reported previously. It is associated with the sex, age and clinical outcome of patients, however, antibiotic resistance profile is not related to these factors.H. pylori eradication therapy should be individualized according to the results of susceptibility test in Shanghai.