With scrap and easy to find material, the author had designed a tissue array machine which could make specimens as good as being made by imported machine. Method of making tissue array: making holes array on paraffin bar. Implement tissue array technique on holes array on paraffin bar. Cut, process and dye specimen normally. Because the tissue array technique gives result as accurate as the normal specimen dying technique does (the results of two method matched in 94% of specimens) it should apply the tissue array technique in studying
Tissue Array Analysis ; Equipment and Supplies

A study on private traditional medicine network in Ha Noi city was conducted from February 1998 to April 1998. Result showed that there are 396 private traditional medicine outlets to date in the urban area of Hanoi focusing in Hoankiem, Dongda, Haibatrung, Badinh districts with 31.4%, 27.3%, 19.2%, 12.9%, respectively. In the new established districts, the number of outlets is lower. Generally, The working time and the address of the outlets are not appropriated with the original application registered. Traditional medicine providers include good experienced traditional physician, consultations and prescribers, traditional medicine qualified doctors with 28.1%, 24.3%, 21.8% respectively, and the rest is roughly prepared traditional medicine wholesalers and retailers. Official regulations for traditional medicine are not uniform and systematical raising difficulties on control and administration.
Medicine, Traditional ; Practice Management

A study on buying drug of consumers at 30 randomly selected public and private drug outlets in Hue City had been conducted from February 1997 to May 1997. Results showed: 70.5% of consumers bought without prescription, in which 10% with at least one injection, 43.7% with antibiotics. 29.5% of consumers bought drugs with prescriptions, in which 55.0% with antibiotics, including 21.2% with at least two antibiotics. The average number and value of drug per prescription is 3.2 and about 4 USD, respectively. 36.1% drug are prescribed under generic names and 64.5% are in Essential drug list. Some recommendations had been cited.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Residence Characteristics

A multi intervention approach to rational use of drug through private practitioners of traditional medicines. The education and enforcement of regulation interventions was designed to assist the pharmacy staff in choosing appropriate treatment option and comply with the other elements of Good Pharmacy Practice. Results from interventions will be used to provide policy-markers with a scientific basis for decisions relating to rational use of drug, which is one of main objectives in national drug policy in Vietnam.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Medicine, Traditional

A survey on 120 consumers who have been treated by traditional medicine in Hanoi. Results of the study showed that the average age of them is 48.8, the main of the consumers have gastrointestinal tract diseases, rheumatics, cough and flu with 16.7%, 24.2%, 23.3% respectively. The average cost of a treatment course by traditional medicine is about 7.5 USD, it is not reasonable price for people with low earning. The belief of the consumers in traditional remedies are more and more increasing. Most of them think that the traditional medicine have no poisoning and adverse drug reactions
Medicine, Traditional ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Most of countries developed and used the traditional medicine for primary health care. The promotion of integration of traditional medicine into the health systems is a mechanism to strengthen the rational and safe use and control of traditional medicine. The major point of program was to improve the country's potential in the legal aspect, quality assurance of the traditional medicine, development and research on the evidence of efficacy and safety of traditional medicine. In addition to, it should strengthen the practicable abilities of practitioner of traditional medicine
Medicine, Traditional ; Drug Toxicity ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Stimulated Client Method (SCM) was used to measure services quality of private area of traditional medicine. Five females Hanoi College of Pharmacy staff members, the average 26 ages (range 23-31), were selected as simulated clients. They visited 30 traditional medicine stores in Hanoi with 147 encounters were conducted. The results showed that most practitioners in traditional medicine stores lack the communication skills to facilitate effective treatment taking by patients. The prescribing practice of them, as well as the issue and enforcement on regulation should be improved toward Good Pharmacy Practice
Pharmacy ; Medicine, Traditional

Free radical and antioxidant are very interesting field of research in other country as in Viet Nam. They are mentioned as a new pathogennic agent. Objectives: Determination of total antioxidant capacity in plasma. Methods: Lag-time assay was established to measure Total Antioxidants Capacity (TAC) in human plasma of healthy volunteers (6 males, 4 females, aged 29,8+-5,2). Results: - TAC was 513.3+/-79.64 mM Trolox equivalents. TAC was significantly higher in men (568.83+/-41.08 mM Trolox equivalents) in comparison with women (430.00+/-28.15 mM Trolox equivalents). A main reason was a higher concentration of uric acid in men compared with women (397.5+-79.86 mM versus 245+-33.16 mM). Conclusions: TAC in plasma after drinking vegetable juice for 1 week (547.8+-80.67 mM Trolox equivalents) was significantly higher in comparison with before (513.3+-79.64 mM Trolox equivalents).
Antioxidants, Plasma

The unreasonable use of antibiotic is one among factors to increase antibiotic resistance situation in the world now. In Viet Nam, abuse use of drugs is a worried issue, the diseases models in the tropical countries is always in top, shortage of dose of antibiotic, lack of necessary legal documents. People ‘s knowledge of reasonable use drug is shorten. The use of safety drugs are interested by all society, in which relating to: physician, supplier and users, beside of that, other factors as legal system, economic factor and cultural social environmental factor
Medicine ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Street Drugs ; drugs ; Health Services Misuse

The retail price of some domestic produced medicines had the tendency to increase in line with the increase rate of consumption commodities from 2001 to April 2004. Some kinds of medicines had surveyed as follow: antibiotics; vitamines; reliever; antifebrile; anti- inflamatory; digestion drug, and other medicines. The variation of price of those medicines at that time compared with the rate of consumption commodities, the variation of rate of USA and EURO. The price of consumption commodities increased rate of 3.61% in 2002 compared with 2001. the price increased rate of 3.03% compared with 2003 and during 3 months of 2004 the price of consumption commodities increased 5.40% compared with 2003
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Commerce ;