Objective To evaluate the protective value of cardioplegia solution plus metformin in different cardiac arrest time and concentration of metformin in isolated rat hearts .Methods There were 36 male Sprague–Dawley rats divided into six groups randomly, according to the duration of cardioplegic arrest(30 min or 60min) and the concentrations of metformin(50μmol/L or 100 μmol/L) .Langendorff-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were perfused for 20 minutes with Krebs-Henseleit buffer followed by 30 or 60 minutes of crystalloid cardioplegia or plus metformin (50 or 100 μmol/L) and 60 minutes of reperfu-sion.The left ventricular performance was recorded at 5 time points.The expressions of AMPKαand phosphorylation of AMPKαwere detected by western Blot.The changes of myocardial mitochondria were observed under transmission electron mi-croscope.Results There were no significant differences in Con(A), 50(A) and 100(A) groups in LVDP, ±dp/dtmax and HR.Compared with Con(B) group subjected to 60 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion, the 100(B) group significantly improved myocardial performance , and the ratio of p-AMPKα/AMPKαwas the highest in all 6 groups.The structure of myocardial mitochondria in 100(B) group was better protected than that of Con(B) group.Conclusion These findings suggested that the left ventricular performance was protected in rat heart perfused by cardioplegia plus 100 μmol/L after 60 minutes cardioplegic arrest .The mechanism may be the activation of AMPK and the protection of structures of myocardial mitochondria.

Adenosine ; pharmacology ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; pharmacology ; Arginine ; pharmacology ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Heart Arrest, Induced ; Humans ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Nitric Oxide ; physiology

Objective To investigate the risk factors of severe hemolysis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Methods The clinical data of adult patients undergoing ECMO after cardiac surgery admitted to Fuwai Hospital from December 2010 to October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics, renal function, primary disease, operation data, ECMO related data and outcomes were recorded. Patients were divided into normal free hemoglobin (FHB) group (FHB ≤ 500 mg/L) and severe hemolysis group (FHB > 500 mg/L) according to the FHB level during ECMO support. The parameters before and after ECMO support were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to identify the independent risk factors of severe hemolysis. Results A total of 81 patients including 19 patients with severe hemolysis was enrolled, and 62 in normal FHB group. There was no difference in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, clamping time, lactate level before ECMO, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intra-aortic balloon pump use and central catheter insertion between two groups. The maximums of serum creatinine (SCr) and FHB levels were higher in severe hemolysis group as compared with those in normal FHB group [maximal SCr (μmol/L): 281.02±164.11 vs. 196.67±87.31, maximal FHB (mg/L): 600 (600, 700) vs. 200 (100, 300)], the incidence of clots in circuit or oxygenator, infection, and hemofiltration in severe hemolysis group was increased [26.3% (5/19) vs. 4.8% (3/62), 31.6% (6/19) vs. 12.9% (8/62), 36.8% (7/19) vs. 14.5% (9/62), all P < 0.1]. As well as outcomes including the rate of site of surgery or intubation bleeding and acute renal failure [ARF, 57.9 % (11/19) vs. 30.6% (19/62), 94.7% (18/19) vs. 41.9% (26/62)], and the survival rate was lowered [10.5% (2/19) vs. 51.6% (32/62), all P < 0.05]. As result of univariate analysis, clots in circuit or oxygenator, infection and hemofiltration were associated with severe hemolysis. It was showed by logistic regression analysis that the clots in circuit or oxygenator was a risk factor of severe hemolysis during ECMO [odds ratio (OR) = 6.262, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.244-31.515, P = 0.026]. Conclusions The clots in circuit or oxygenator were independent risk factors of severe hemolysis during ECMO. Severe hemolysis can induce the increase of the rate of bleeding in the operation site or intubation and the rate of ARF, and decrease of the survival rate.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the data of patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during perioperative period of cardiac transplantation and provide objective and reliable evidence for further clinical promotion.Methods:Collect the clinical data of patients undergoing heart transplantation and ECMO support in Fuwai Hospital, analyze the duration of ECMO support, combined use of aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP), and complications during the supporting period. All statistical analyses were processed by SPSS 23.0 software. Independent sample Student's test was employed for normal distribution and Mann-Whitney U test for abormal distribution. χ2 or Fisher exact test was utilized for comparinge the classification data between groups. Results:All ECMO support models were intravenous-arterial ECMO (V-A ECMO). Eight patients successfully bridging heart transplantation through VA-ECMO. Sixty-one patients (89.7%) who had undergone cardiac transplantation were successfully weaned from ECMO while 48 patients (70.5%) survived and discharged. The most common complications during circulation support are bleeding, acute renal insufficiency, and pulmonary infection. Patients with ECMO support in the operating room had a better rate of survival and weaning off(95.6%, 84.4%) than those with ECMO at the bedside of ICU(72.2%, 27.8%).Conclusions:ECMO can provide adequate circulation and respiratory function support for heart transplant patients, and it is an indispensable treatment for patients to go through the perioperative period of heart transplant surgery smoothly. It is advocated to use IABP combined with ECMO in the early stage and at the same time to increase the perfusion of vital organs, improve the prognosis of patients and obtain good outcomes.

Objective: To explore the safety and strategy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) combining coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) as one-stop performance in treating the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and thoracic aorta disease. Methods: A total of 20 patients received one-stop treatment of TEVAR combining CABG in our hospital from 2009-04 to 2016-01 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 18 male and the mean age of patients was (65.2±8.5, 51-82) years. The performance strategy and peri-operative management were studied. Results: There were 1/20 patient received 2 stents implantation in thoracic aorta and 19 received 1 stent in thoracic aorta those including 1 case with endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, 1 with right iliac artery stent implantation and 1 with carotid endarterectomy at meanwhile. The average number of coronary artery bypass branch was (2.4±0.94, 1-4) and 10 (50%) patients received internal mammary artery grafting. The average in-hospital time in all 20 patients was (22.4±11.6, 8-58) days. There were 6 (30%) patients received blood transfusion; 1 (5%) having low cardiac output syndrome received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), then received the second thoracotomy for hemostasis due to excessive pleural effusion; 2 (10%) patients died at 30 days post-operation. 1 patient lost contact and 17 received clinical or telephone follow-up visit at the average of (13.4+13.6, 1-49) months; 2 patients died for cerebral hemorrhage at 12 and 49 months post-operation, the rest 15 had disappeared symptoms and improved quality of life, no operation related death occurred. Conclusion: TEVAR combining CABG as one-stop performance presented good mid-term effect in treating the patients with CAD and thoracic aorta disease; in otherwise, the operative time and risk might be increased by two step performance.

Objective: To summarize the peri-operative management experience of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods: A total of 56 CTEPH patients received PEA in our hospital from 2015-01 to 2016-11 were retrospectively analyzed. Our study was focused on the medication in respiratory and circulatory system during ICU stay, peri-operative application of vasoactive drug and target drug to pulmonary hypertension (HP), usage of ventilators, mechanical assisted devices and other management experiences. Results: No peri-operative death occurred. There were 2/56 (3.6%) patients with lung reperfusion, 2 (3.6%) with PH crisis. Compared with pre-operation, the post-operative pulmonary artery hemodynamics parameters were improved as right heart catheter measured pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) decreased from (85.05±22.40) mmHg to (36.83 ±17.21) mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from (773.84±342.95) dyn·s·cm-5 to (293.59±214.95) dyn·s·cm-5. Post-operative oxygen saturation was maintained at (95-100) % in all patients. Echocardiography found that PASP from pre-operation (85.03±25.78) mmHg decreased to (39.44±19.24) mmHg at follow-up period, P<0.01.Conclusion: A comprehensive peri-operative management of PEA was helpful to improve pulmonary hemodynamics in CTEPH patients; meanwhile, effective prevention and treatment of severe complication could obviously reduce peri-operative mortality.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effects on blood transfusion of modified minimally cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods From April 2013 to February 2016,1103 elective cardiac surgery cases in National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases China,Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College were prospectively enrolled in the study.Patients undergoing modified minimally CPB were assigned to mini-CPB group(n=553),the others undergoing conventional CPB were assigned to conventional group(n=550).In mini-CPB group,oxygenator with integrated arterial filter,modified minimized circuit,mini-cardioplegia and vacuum assisted venous drainage(VAVD)were used.In conventional group,conventional CPB was composed with conventional oxygenator from the same manufactory,conventional circuit and 1:4 blood cardioplegia.Analysis was performed with t test,t'test,Wilcoxon rank-sum test,x2 test,and Fisher exact test.Results No CPB accidents and perioperative stroke were observed.There was no statistical difference in postoperative mechanical ventilation time,length of ICU stay,postoperative complications and mortality between the two groups.The incidence of erythrocyte transfusion(13.7％vs.27.6％,x2=32.458,P=0.000)and the incidence of ultrafilter(11.0％vs.33.7％,x2=76.019,P=0.000)were lower in the mini-CPB group.Postoperative hematocrit(M(QR):32.9(5.7)vs.32.2(5.7),Z=3.403,P=0.001)and 12-hour chest drainage((228±154)ml vs.(260-±197)ml,t'=3.004,P=0.003)of mini-CPB were imporved compared with conventional group.Conclusions Modified minimally CPB is safe.It might reduce erythrocyte transfusion for adult cardiac surgery,warranting widely adoption.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effects on blood transfusion of modified minimally cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods From April 2013 to February 2016,1103 elective cardiac surgery cases in National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases China,Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College were prospectively enrolled in the study.Patients undergoing modified minimally CPB were assigned to mini-CPB group(n=553),the others undergoing conventional CPB were assigned to conventional group(n=550).In mini-CPB group,oxygenator with integrated arterial filter,modified minimized circuit,mini-cardioplegia and vacuum assisted venous drainage(VAVD)were used.In conventional group,conventional CPB was composed with conventional oxygenator from the same manufactory,conventional circuit and 1:4 blood cardioplegia.Analysis was performed with t test,t'test,Wilcoxon rank-sum test,x2 test,and Fisher exact test.Results No CPB accidents and perioperative stroke were observed.There was no statistical difference in postoperative mechanical ventilation time,length of ICU stay,postoperative complications and mortality between the two groups.The incidence of erythrocyte transfusion(13.7％vs.27.6％,x2=32.458,P=0.000)and the incidence of ultrafilter(11.0％vs.33.7％,x2=76.019,P=0.000)were lower in the mini-CPB group.Postoperative hematocrit(M(QR):32.9(5.7)vs.32.2(5.7),Z=3.403,P=0.001)and 12-hour chest drainage((228±154)ml vs.(260-±197)ml,t'=3.004,P=0.003)of mini-CPB were imporved compared with conventional group.Conclusions Modified minimally CPB is safe.It might reduce erythrocyte transfusion for adult cardiac surgery,warranting widely adoption.

Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) technology is the basic means of organ protection in complex aortic arch surgeries, congenital heart disease surgeries, pulmonary endarterectomy and other operations. The establishment of DHCA in rat model is helpful to explore the influence of DHCA and its pathophysiological pathways. However, there are some problems in this process, such as imperfect monitoring, inaccurate management and non-standard heparinization during the experimental period. It is necessary to review relevant literatures on DHCA rat model, in order to establish a DHCA rat model with standardized operation, clear standards and mature technology.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor ( KIR) genes and immune reconstitution failure in human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients after anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Methods:HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART for ≥1 year who attended the AIDS outpatient clinics of Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and People′s Hospital of Mashan from May 2007 to December 2019 were included. Patients were divided into immune reconstitution failure group and full immune reconstitution group. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) was used to detect KIR genotypes in all subjects, and the genotype frequency (PF) of 16 KIR genotypes was calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between KIR genotypes and immune reconstitution failure.Results:There were 102 patients with HIV/AIDS, including 44 immunological non-responders and 58 immunological responders. The PF of KIR2 DL5 in immune reconstitution failure group was 59.09%(26/44), which was higher than 36.21%(21/58) in full immune reconstitution group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=5.27, P=0.022). Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that KIR2 DL5 was associated with immune reconstitution failure when adjusted for age and baseline CD4 + T cell count. Positive expression of KIR2 DL5 may be a risk factor for immune reconstitution failure (adjusted odds ratio (a OR)=2.431, 95% confidence interval 1.012 to 5.844, P=0.047). Conclusions:Positive expression of KIR2 DL5 may be related to immune reconstitution failure in HIV/AIDS patients after ART.