Objective To detect the expression change of ETFβin diabetic nephropathy rats and study the role of ETFβin fatty acid-induced apoptosis in renal tubules.Methods Diabetic nephropathy model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and unilateral nephrectomy.In vivo ETFβexpression was detected in renal cortex, as well as tubular injury evaluated.In vitro fatty acid-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells NRK 52E model was established and ETFβrecombinant plasmid was constructed to be transfected into NRK 52E cells and furtherly to observe the effect of ETFβover-expression on the fatty acid-induced apoptosis.Results In the rats model of diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin injection and unilateral nephrectomy, ETFβmRNA and protein expression were decreased as obvious tubular damage occurred.Fatty acids could induce apoptosis in NRK 52E, and ETFβover-expression reduced the apoptosis.Conclusion The expression of ETFβis decreased in diabetic nephropathy model , and ETFβover-expression can reduce apoptosis induced by fatty acid in renal tubular cells.

Objective To establish standard parameters of cervical alignment and cervical range of motion(ROM) in asymptomatic population,and to explore the influential factors such as age,sex and cervical disc degeneration.Methods The cervical standard lateral,flexion and extension plain radiographs of 212 asymptomatic volunteers were analyzed retrospectively.The volunteers,including 128 females and 84 males with ages ranging from 20 to 79 years,were divided into 6 groups from 3rd to 8th decade of life and were divided into 4 groups based on the scoring system of cervical disc degeneration.These plain films were blindly measured by 3 spine surgeons with Mimics software,and each spine surgeon mcasured them for 3 times.Several parameters,including C2-C7 cervical alignment,total ROM,flexion ROM,extension ROM and segmental ROM were measured.The score of disc degeneration were assessed from C2-C3 to C6-C7.Pearson correlation analyses was used to quantify the relation between cervical alignment and total ROM.Multiple linear regression analyses were required to account for influential factors.Inter-and intrarater correlation coefficient was analyzed.Results The C2-C7 cervical alignment was 21.40°± 12.15°,and the total ROM was 63.59°± 15.37°.Sex had a significant impact on the cervical alignment (regression coefficient was-2.472,P ＜ 0.05).Both sex and age had significant impacts on the total ROM (regression coefficient was 3.863 and-6.463 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).Sex had a significant impact on C2,3 and C5,6 segmental ROM; age had a significant impact on all of the five segmental ROM from C2,3 to C6,7; cervical disc degeneration had a significant impact on the C4-5,C5-6 and C6-7 segmental ROM.The cervical alignment had no significant association with both of the extension and total ROM (r=-0.106 and 0.215,respectively,P ＞ 0.05),but had a significantly negative association with flexion angle (r=-0.401,P＜ 0.05).The measurement of cervical alignment,total ROM and segmental ROM showed excellent intra-rater agreement and excellent inter-rater agreement.Conclusion Sex is an influential factor of the cervical alignment.Sex and age are two influential factors of the total ROM.Sex,age and cervical disc degeneration are influential factors of the segmental ROM.The cervical alignments do not have an impact on total ROM.

AIM:To investigate the effect of rhein on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and the expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling molecules in rats.METHODS:A single dose of bleomycin was intratracheal injected into the SD rats to induce pulmonary fibrosis .After injection of bleo-mycin, the rats were randomly divided into low-, medium-and high-dose rhein treatment groups and model group .The rats that were instilled with normal saline intratracheally served as control group .After the treatment for 28 d, the pulmonary pathologic changes were observed under microscope with hematoxylin-eosin staining .The lung coefficient and hydroxypro-line content were also measured .The expression of miR-21 and the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and Smad7 in the lung tissues were detected by real-time PCR.The protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad7 were determined by Western blot .RESULTS:Rhein significantly attenuated the experimental alveolitis , pulmonary fibrosis , lung coefficient and hydroxyproline contents in the rats.Rhein obviously decreased the expression of miR-21,and the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1, but signifi-cantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of Smad 7 in the lung tissues .CONCLUSION: Rhein effectively prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of miR-21 and promoting the expression of Smad 7, thus regulating the TGF/Smad signaling pathway to decrease extracellular matrix deposition .

Objective:Applying bibliometrics to analyze the research history, hotspots and trends of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) interventions in edema-related diseases, and to provide reference for the revision of diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for edema in TCM.Methods:The literature about edema treated with TCM was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM from 1 st. Jan 1995 to 25 th. May 2022. CiteSpace and VOSviewer softwares were used to draw the knowledge map, and analyze the co-occurrence relationship and clustering characteristics of the institution, author, keywords and mechanism hotspots. Results:Totally 3 198 articles were included. The annual number of documents issued generally shows a spiral rise trend. Liaoning University of Chinese Medicine published the most articles. Core authors published the most articles were Sun Wei (13 articles); the team with the highest cooperation intensity was Yang Hongtao's team; keywords formed 7 clusters. Hotspot mechanisms included metabolic disorders, immune balance, anti-inflammation, calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Keywords in the past 7 years were membranous nephropathy, chronic heart failure, diabetes, lymphedema etc.Conclusions:The attention paid to the intervention of TCM in the field of edema is generally on the rise, and has decreased in the past two years. The research categories focus on the experience of famous doctors, clinical trials, and mechanistic studies, and nephropathy-related edema has been the focus of research; diabetic nephropathy, chronic heart failure, metabolomics, and immunotherapy are expected to be the focus of attention in the next stage.

Objective To investigate the effect of up-regulation of miR-132 on expressions of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1)/endothelium-specific tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (Tie2) in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury of rats.Methods Forty adult healthy SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,cerebral ischemia group,miR-132 mimic group and negative control group (n=10).The models of middle cerebral artery occlusion in the later three groups were established by using modified Longa suture method.Rats in the miR-132 mimic group and negative control group were injected miR-132 mimic 15 μg and negative control 15 μg via paracele.Rats in each group were sacrificed 24 h after ischemia,and the brain tissues were collected;the total infarct volumes were calculated by TTC staining.The mRNA expressions ofmiR-132,Ang-1 and Tie2 in ischemic cerebral cortex tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The protein expressions of Ang-1,Tie2,CD31 and vessel endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ischemic cerebral cortex tissues were detected by Western blotting.Results The total infarct volume in the miR-132 mimic group was (27.92±3.05) mm3,which was significantly smaller than that in the cerebral ischemia group and negative control group ([51.34±2.86] mm3 and [50.46±2.57] mm3,P＜0.05).The relative mRNA expression levels of miR-132,A ng-1,Tie2,and the protein expression levels of Ang-1,Tie2,CD31,VEGF in the ischemic cerebral cortex tissues of the miR-132 mimic group were significantly higher than those in the negative control group,cerebral ischemia group and sham-operated group (P＜0.05);and those in the negative control group and cerebral ischemia group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Up-regulation ofmiR-132 expression could improve the ischemic states of ischemic stroke in rats,which might be related to Ang-1/Tie2 increased expressions to promote angiogenesis in ischemic brain tissues.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy evaluation criteria of the existing TCM treatment for edema RCT research, and to provide reference for the construction of unified standards.Methods:The batabases CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, Pubmed and Web of Science were retrieved. The randomized controlled trials for the treatment of edema of TCM research, from September 1, 1993 to July 31, 2022, were screened and included. The content of efficacy evaluation, performed statistics on evaluation standard, the curative effect evaluation indexes, as well as standard composition, usage were extracted. We analyzed the characteristics, application and problems of the existing efficacy evaluation criterion.Results:A total of 123 Chinese articles were included. The included literature involved nephrogenic edema, cardiogenic edema, idiopathic edema, apoplexy limb edema and other edema. In recent years, randomized controlled trials on the treatment of edema by TCM have mainly used four efficacy evaluation criteria. Of which the Guidelines for Clinical Research on New Chinese Medicines (Trial) in 2002 had the highest utilization rate of 29.27%. Secondly, the utilization rate of Standard for Diagnosis and Curative Effect of TCM Diseases and Syndromes was 21.14%. The rest of the criteria were used by less than 6%. While 39.02% of the literature did not use the standards or used self-designed standards. Among the composition of efficacy evaluation indices, the application rate of TCM syndrome or symptom efficacy index was the highest (91.87%), the utilization rate of the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire Indicators was only 4.88%; biochemical tests accounted for a large proportion of Western medical indicators, while the measurement of edema severity was rarely applied. Conclusions:At present, the evaluation criteria of edema curative effect are diversified and insufficiently popularized, which need to be further screened and improved. It is suggested to construct a TCM edema efficacy evaluation model based on the characteristics of edema syndrome, comprehensively evaluate the efficacy from multiple dimensions such as TCM syndromes, western medicine indicators, and quality of life, and improve the scientific indicators.

Objective:To clarify the relationship between interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 gene polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).Methods:Literature search was conducted through databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Embase, Wanfang Database and VIP.com, and domestic and foreign literatures related to IL-6, IL-10 gene polymorphisms and AITD were included in the study. The time limit was from the self-built of the databases to July 2021. Meta-analysis was performed with STATA 16.0 software, the odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) were used as effect indicators, random-effect or fixed-effect model was selected according to the heterogeneity results, and the source of heterogeneity was explored through subgroup analysis. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Results:Finally, 19 literatures were included, all in English. There were 12 studies on IL-6 genes and 11 studies on IL-10 genes, including 4 studies on both IL-6 and IL-10 genes. In the whole population, the loci associated with AITD were IL-6 -174 G/C site (GG vs CC + GC: OR =1.94, 95% CI = 1.01 - 3.76), IL-6 -572 G/C site (GG + GC vs CC: OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.29 - 0.84; GG vs CC + GC: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60 - 0.96; GG + CC vs GC: OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.49 - 0.81), IL-10 -819 T/C site (TT + TC vs CC: OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.01 - 3.34; T vs C: OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.00 - 2.51), and IL-10 -1 082 A/G site (AA + AG vs GG: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.64 - 0.92; AA vs GG + AG: OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.16 - 3.58; A vs G: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61 - 0.94). The results of subgroup analysis showed that in Asian population, the loci associated with AITD were IL-6 -174 G/C site (GG vs CC + GC: OR = 4.61, 95% CI = 1.11 - 19.23; G vs C: OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.44 - 0.97); IL-6 -572 G/C site (GG vs CC + GC: OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41 - 0.99; GG + CC vs GC: OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.38 - 0.94); IL-10 -819 T/C site (TT + TC vs CC: OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.48 - 4.25; T vs C: OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.05 - 3.46); and IL-10 -1 082 A/G site (AA + AG vs GG: OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.52 - 0.84; AA vs GG + AG: OR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.54 - 5.21; A vs G: OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.53 - 0.82). Conclusion:IL-6 -174 G/C, IL-6 -572 G/C, IL-10 -819 T/C and IL-10 -1 082 A/G polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to AITD, especially in Asians.

Objective To analysis the change of hip joint in healthy infants by ultrasound,and establish the normal reference value of the developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH). Methods A total of 8 000 healthy infants from 0 to 24 weeks were collected from the Multi-center study of 10 children′s medical centers. Among them,3 855 infants(2 065 females and 1 790 males) with complete data and follow-up were included in this study. All subjects were divided into 6 groups ( ＜4,4～7,8～11,12～15,16～19 and≥20 weeks group). α angle,femoral head length and width,femoral head coverage ratio by acetabulum ( FHC) were measured in the coronal view on the neutral position;distance from pubis to femoral head ( P-H) and distance from ischium to femoral head ( I-H ) were measured in the transverse view on neutral position;distance from femoral head topubis ( H-P) was measured in the posterolateraltransverse view on the flexion position. The results of each group changes with age were analysised. Results ① The α angle of healthy infants from 0 to 20 weeks were increased with age,the difference among the groups were statistically significant( P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between 16～19 and ≥20 weeks group( P ＞0.05). ②The femoral head length and width of all age groups were increased with age,the difference among all the groups was statistically significant( all P ＜0.05). ③ FHC from 0 to 20 weeks were increased with age,the difference among the groups were statistically significant( P ＜0.05) except between 16～19 and ≥20 weeks group( P ＞0.05). ④ The P-H and I-H in all age groups showed no statistically significant ( all P＞0.05). ⑤The H-P of all age groups were increased with age,the difference between the groups were statistically significant(all P ＜0.05).Conclusions The development of hip joints have the certain regular developmental pattern in healthy infants less than 5 months of birth and are relatively constant after birth more than 5 months. The ultrasound normal reference value of the hip joints can be used for the early diagnosis of the DDH.