Objective To investigate the expressions of Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 protein in ovarian serous carcinoma(OSC) and their clinicopathological significance.Methods The expressions of Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 protein in 45 cases of OSC,60 cases of ovarian serous cystadenomas and 32 cases of ovarian borderline serous cystadenomas were detected by immunohistochemical SP method.The relationship between the expressions of these two proteins and the clinicopathological features of OSC and the correlation between Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 expressions in OSC were analyzed.Results The positive rates of Apaf-1 in OSC,ovarian serous cystadenoma and ovarian borderline serous cystadenoma were 24.4%(11/45),75.0%(45/60) and 46.9%(15/32),the difference was statistically significant (χ2=26.734,P<0.01).Apaf-1 expression was correlated with pathological grade,clinical stage and lymph nodes metastasis (χ2=6.318,7.565,5.554,P<0.05).The expression rates of Caspase-9 in OSC,ovarian serous cystadenoma and ovarian borderline serous cystadenoma were 28.9%(13/45),83.3%(50/60) and 56.3%(18/32),the difference was statistically significant (χ2=31.682,P<0.01).The expression of Caspase-9 was correlated with pathological grade,clinical stage and lymph nodes metastasis (χ2=5.750,4.391,5.466,P<0.05).In OSC,the expressions of Apaf-1 and Capase-9 were positively correlated (k=0.433,P=0.003).Conclusion The low expressions of Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 in OSC may be related to the occurrence and development of OSC.

Purpose To investigate the expression of Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 in prostate cancer ( PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH) , and to analyze their correlation with clinicopathological parameters of PCa. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to de-tect Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 protein in 45 cases of PCa and 60 cases of BPH. Results The positive rate of Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 in PCa tissues was significantly lower than that in BPH (P<0. 05). The expression of Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 was not correlated with the age of patients and distant metastasis (P>0. 05), but it was correlated with the pathological grade and clinical stage of PCa (P<0. 05). Conclusion Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 are lowly expressed in PCa. There is positive correlation between the expression of Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 (rs =0. 645, P<0. 01). Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 might be correlated with the carcinogenesis and development of PCa.

Objective To investigate the value of CT scans in differential diagnosis of thyroid neoplasm.Methods CT findings ofthyroid neoplasm in 29 cases including 8 cases thyroid adenoma,4 cases nodular goiter and 17 cases thyroid carcinoma identified by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results The contour of thyroid adenoma was distinct,a completely enhanced ring in 5 cases and enhanced nodules in 3 cases were showed on contrast-enhanced scan.4 cases of nodular goiter showed homogenous cystic low density the lesions were localized and distinct in contour,the cystic wall could be seen.Thyroid carcinoma appeared unhomogenous density,the edges contour of lesion was not distinct and infiltration on adjacent tissue might be seen.Conclusion CT scan might play an important role in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid neoplasm.

Objective To investigate whether hydrogen can regulate the expressions of inflammatory factors by ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced human HaCaT keratinocytes through the autophagy pathway.Methods Cultured HaCaT keratinocytes were divided into several groups:blank control group receiving no treatment,hydrogen group cultured in hydrogen-rich medium,three UVB groups irradiated with UVB at 1,10,50 mJ/cm2 respectively,three UVB + hydrogen groups irradiated with UVB at 1,10,50 mJ/cm2 respectively followed by culture in hydrogen-rich medium,UVB + 3MA group pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3MA for 1 hour followed by UVB radiation at 50 mJ/cm2,UVB + rapamycin group pretreated with the autophagy activator rapamycin for 1 hour followed by UVB radiation at 50 mJ/cm2,UVB + 3MA +hydrogen group pretreated with 3MA for 1 hour followed by UVB radiation at 50 mJ/cm2 and culture in hydrogen-rich medium,UVB + rapamycin + hydrogen group pretreated with rapamycin for 1 hour followed by UVB radiation at 50 mJ/cm2 and culture in hydrogen-rich medium.After additional culture with or without hydrogen for 12 hours,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate cellular proliferative activity,Western-blot analysis to measure the expressions of autophagy-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the supernatant levels of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-6 and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1),and a test kit was used to determine the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).Results Compared with the blank control group,the 10-and 50-mJ/cm2 UVB groups showed significantly increased release of LDH,expressions of LC3 and Beclin1 and supernatant levels of TNF-α,IL-1 β,IL-6 and HMGB 1,but decreased cellular proliferative activity (all P ＜ 0.05).Hydrogen significantly attenuated the release of LDH,down-regulated the supernatant levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and HMGB1,but up-regulated cellular proliferative activity as well as LC3 and Beclin1 expressions in the 10-and 50-mJ/cm2 UVB + hydrogen groups compared with the 10-and 50-mJ/cm2 UVB groups respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,II-6 and HMGB1 were significantly higher in the 50-mJ/cm2 UVB + 3MA group than in the 50-mJ/cm2 UVB group,and higher in the 50-mJ/cm2 UVB + 3MA + hydrogen group than in the 50-mJ/cm2 UVB + hydrogen group,but lower in the 50-mJ/cm2 UVB + rapamycin group than in the 50-mJ/cm2 UVB group (all P＜ 0.05).Conclusion UVB radiation can increase the expressions ofautophagy-associated proteins,and hydrogen-rich medium can down-regulate the expressions of inflammatory factors by UVB-induced HaCaT cells through the autophagy pathway.

Background and purpose:In preparation for using this tracer in humans, this study estimated thedosimetry of18F-FES with the method established by MIRD based on whole-body PET imaging of mice.Methods:Three female mice receivedⅣ tail injections of18F-FES and were scanned for 160 min in an Inveon dedicated PET/CT scanner. This study selected some important organs (brain, lung, liver, heart wall, small intestine, large intestine, kidney and urinary bladder), computed their residence times. Then, the residence times in mice organs were converted to human values using scale factors based on differences between organ and body weights. OLINDA/EXM 1.1 software was used to compute the absorbed human doses in multiple organs for both adult female and adult male body phantoms. Results:The highest absorbed doses in gallbladder wall, urinary bladder wall, small intestine, upper large intestine and liver are 0.072 5, 0.044 5, 0.043 0, 0.031 5 and 0.028 2 mGy/MBq, respectively. The organs which have the lowest ab-sorbed doses were brain (0.005 2 mGy/MBq), followed by skin (0.001 1 mGy/MBq), breast (0.001 1 mGy/MBq), heart wall (0.001 2 mGy/MBq) and thyroid (0.001 2 mGy/MBq). The mean absorbed doses for the other major organs ranged from 0.009 5 to 0.023 5 mGy/MBq. The total mean effective dose is 0.019 0 mSv/MBq and the mean effective doses equivalent is 0.025 0 mGy/MBq. A 370-MBq injection of18F-FES leads to an estimated effective dose of 7.03 mSv for the female. There was no statistical difference in the doses results obtained from direct measurement of18F-FES ab-sorption in normal people between previous publications by others and our work.Conclusion:The whole-body mouse imaging can be used as a preclinical tool for initial estimation of the absorbed doses of18F-FES in humans. Furthermore, the potential radiation risk associated with18F-FES imaging is well within the accepted limits.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) and bax in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Apaf-1 and bax in the tissues from 45 PCa patients and 60 BPH patients. Results The positive rates of Apaf-1 and bax in PCa tissues were 22.22%(10/45) and 20.00 % (9/45), respectively, while those in BPH tissues were 48.33 % (29/60) and 46.67 % (28/60). There was a statistically significant difference in the expressions of Apaf-1 and bax between two groups (P< 0.05). The expressions of Apaf-1 and bax were not correlated with the age of patients and distant metastasis (P>0.05), but they were correlated with the pathological grade and clinical stage of PCa (P< 0.05). The expressions of Apaf-1 and bax in PCa tissues were lower than those in BPH tissues. There was a positive correlation between the expression of Apaf-1 and bax (r=0.535, P<0.01). Conclusion Apaf-1 and bax might be correlated with the carcinogenesis and development of PCa.

Objective To investigate the expressions and significances of Bcl-2 and Bax in basal-like breast carcinoma (BLBC).Methods The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected in 43 cases of BLBC, 57 cases of non-BLBC and 60 cases of normal breast tissues by immunohistochemistry,and their relationships with physiological and pathological characteristics of patients were analysized.Results The positive rate of Bcl-2 in BLBC was 69.77%,higher than 43.86% in non-BLBC (χ2 =6.647,P =0.01 0)and 21 .67% in normal breast tissues (χ2 =23.831 ,P =0.001 ).The positive rate of Bax in BLBC was 20.93%,lower than 45.61 % in non-BLBC (χ2 =6.564,P =0.01 0)and 76.67% in normal breast tissues (χ2 =31 .270,P =0.001 ).The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were correlated with lymphnode metastasis (χ2 =6.927,P =0.008;χ2 =6.203,P =0.01 3)and pTNMstaging of BLBC (χ2 =6.331 ,P =0.01 2;χ2 =5.972,P =0.01 5).There was negative correlation between the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in BLBC (r = -0.408,P <0.01 0). Conclusion High expression of Bcl-2 and low expression of Bax interact with each other leading to unbalance of cell deferation and apoptosis,resulting in promoting genesis and progress of BLBC.

Purpose To study the expression of HIF-1αand Glut-1 in the molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma and their correlation with basal-like breast carcinoma. Methods 803 cases of invasive breast carcinoma from our database were identified. The clinicopath-ologic findings and the biologic markers including estrogen receptor ( ER) , progesterone receptor ( PR) , and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status were reviewed. Immunohistochemical MaxVision stains for cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) and epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) were performed. All breast carcinomas were subclassified into Luminal A, Lumincal B, HER-2 over-expression, normal-like, and basal-like subtypes according to Nielsen criteria. Immunohistochemical stain was also used to detect the expression of HIF-1αand Glut-1. Results Positive expression rates of HIF-1αprotein in basal-like, HER-2 over-expression, normal-like, Luminal A and Luminal B substypes were 77. 89% (74/95), 56. 06% (37/66), 55. 76% (92/165), 31. 97% (141/441), 25. 00% (9/36), respectively. The positive expression rates of Glut-1 protein were 80. 00% (76/95), 57. 58% (38/66), 58. 18%(96/165), 34. 01% (150/441), 25. 00% (9/36), respectively. The positive expression rates of HIF-1α and Glut-1 in the basal-like, HER-2 over-expressing and normal-like subtypes were remarkably higher than that in Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes ( P<0. 004 5) and the expression of HIF-1a and Glut-1 was negatively correlated with the expression of ER (P<0. 01). In the ER-negative breast cancers, the positive expression rates of HIF-1a and Glut-1 in basal-like substype were much higher than that in the other sub-types (P<0. 004 5), and the expression of HIF-1α was positively correlated with expression of Glut-1 in basal-like breast carcinoma (P<0. 01). Conclusion The overexpression of HIF-1αand Glut-1 may be closely related to the ER-negative breast cancer and HIF-1α and Glut-1 might play an important role in the development of basal-like breast carcinoma.

Objective:To compare the clinical effect of 0.02% atropine eye drops once every two days and 0.01% atropine eye drops once every day in myopia control and adverse reactions in children.Methods:A randomized controlled study was performed.The 231 Han nationality myopic children wearing full-corrected single-vision spectacle lenses enrolled from June 2016 to June 2017 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Eye Hospital were divided into two groups by random number table, with 110 children in the 0.02% atropine group and 121 children in the 0.01% atropine group.The subjects were treated with 0.02% atropine eye drops once every two days or 0.01% atropine eye drops once every day to each eye before bedtime for one year.Ninety-two cases and 101 cases were followed up for one year in the 0.02% and 0.01% atropine group, respectively.The right eyes were selected as experimental eyes, and the spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), amplitude of accommodation (AMP), pupil diameter (PD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and corneal curvature were recorded at baseline and 12 months after treatment.Discomfort symptoms were also observed during the 1-year follow-up.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2016-35). Written informed consent was obtained from guardians prior to any treatment.Results:After 1 year of treatment, the mean SER change was (-0.46±0.49)D and (-0.48±0.46)D, and the mean AL change was (0.38±0.21)mm and (0.39±0.19)mm, and the mean AMP change was (-1.49±0.29)D and (-1.61±0.26)D, and the mean PD change was (0.72±0.44)mm and (0.70±0.40)mm in the 0.02% atropine group and 0.01% atropine group, respectively.There was no significant difference in the change of SER, AL, AMP, PD between the two groups (all at P>0.05). There were 21 cases (19.1%) in the 0.02% atropine group and 25 cases (20.7%) in the 0.01% atropine group that represented mild photophobia in bright sunlight, which disappeared in 12 and 13 cases during 1-6 months respectively.The photophobia symptoms of the remaining children were alleviated.There existed 5 cases (4.5%) and 6 cases (5.0%) in the two groups that developed mild near blurred vision that lasted no more than 1 month. Conclusions:Compared with 0.01% atropine eye drops once a day, 0.02% atropine once every two days has the same efficacy on controlling myopia progression in children with no more adverse reactions.

Objective To detect the expressions of CD70 mRNA and protein and to determine the methylation status of CD70 gene promoter in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were isolated from 15 patients with active SLE,15 patients with inactive SLE and 15 healthy control subjects.Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was carried out to quantify the mRNA expression of CD70,flow cytometry to determine the frequency of CD4+CD70+ and CD8+ CD70+ T cells,and bisulfite sequencing to evaluate the methylation status of CD70 gene promoter in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.Differences in these parameters among these groups were analyzed by one-factor analysis of variance and SNK-q test.Results Compared with the healthy controls,the patients with active SLE and inactive SLE showed a significant increase in CD70 mRNA expression in CD4+ T cells (0.82 ± 0.12 and 0.73 ± 0.11 vs.0.45 ±0.09,F =53.017,P ＜ 0.01) and in the frequency of CD70+CD4+ T cells (80.30％ ± 11.04％ and 66.80％ ± 3.98％ vs.12.48％ ± 3.45％,F =311.517,P ＜ 0.01).Also,the expression of CD70 mRNA in CD4+ T cells and the frequency of CD70+CD4+ T cells were significantly higher in patients with active SLE than in patients with inactive SLE (both P ＜ 0.05).There was a positive correlation between the frequency of peripheral CD70+CD4+ T cells and disease activity in SLE in these patients (r =0.792,P ＜ 0.01).The average methylation index of the region between-600 bp and-300 bp of CD70 gene promoter in CD4+ T cells was 0.32 ± 0.05 and 0.36 ± 0.05 respectively in the patients with active and inactive SLE,significantly lower than that in the healthy controls (0.62 ± 0.05,F =152.64,P ＜ 0.01),and the patients with active SLE showed a significantly lower methylation index than those with inactive SLE (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The CD70 gene promoter in CD4+ T cells is significantly hypomethylated in patients with SLE,which may directly lead to the overexpression of CD70.