Objective To investigate the distribution differences of Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) FimA genotypes between periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes for a better understanding of the relationship between diabetes and periodontitis.Methods Questionnaires and detailed periodontal examinations(6 sites per tooth) were conducted in 80 subjects with moderate-severe chronic periodontitis in the Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.There were 40 type 2 diabetic patients and 40 systemicly healthy patients enrolled respectively.The periodontal parameters including plaque index(PLI), probing depth(PD), bleeding index(BI), attachment loss(AL) by 6 sites per tooth and numbers of missing teeth were also recorded.Pooled subgingival plaque samples using pocket method with Whatman No3 filterpaper were collectedat each of the 6 sites from one incisor and one molar.Pg and its FimA genotype distributions were investigated using DNA extrctedfrom plaque samples by PCR.Results Diabetic patients had a significantly higher score of PLI[2.35(0.58) vs 1.64(0.76), P＜0.05] , while rest of periodontal indexes observed(PD, BI and AL) did not differ significantly between diabetic patients and systemicly healthy controls(P＞0.05).The detection rate of Pg did not show statistically significant difference between the two groups(50％ vs 60％, P＞0.05).However, the proportion of FimA Ⅱ was significantly higher in diabetic group than systemicly healthy group(80％ vs 42％, P＜0.05).Conclusions Type 2 diabetic patients were prone to be infected by highly virulent strains of Pg: FimA Ⅱ Pg.

Worster-Drought syndrome (WDS) is a special and rare type of cerebral palsy, which is characte-rized by pseudobulbar palsy, selective weakness of the muscles of the lips, tongue, and soft palate, dysarthria, dysphagia, salivation, and jaw spasm.The onset of WDS is linked with a variety of prenatal, intrapartum and postnatal factors.The report of family cases of WDS suggested the genetic predisposition.Although there is no cure at present, early genetic counseling, early diagnosis and intervention can reduce the morbidity of offspring and improve the symptoms of children with WDS, which will greatly reduce the burden on the family and society in the future.In the present study, this paper aims to explore the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, imaging examination, diagnosis, disease spectrum and current treatment of WDS, thus improving the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy.

In February 2022, the German Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine published the first Evidence-based Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Non-specific Back Pain in Children and Adolescents, which provides clinical evidence and recommendations for the etiology, risk factors and diagnosis of back pain in children and adolescents, and the treatment and prevention suggestions on the non-specific back pain.Although the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of non-specific low back pain have been launched in China, a specific description of back pain in children and adolescents is lacking.With regard to increasing incidence of low back pain in children and adolescents, and differences in term of the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of back pain between children-adolescents and adults, this article aims to interpret the guidelines to provide references and guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of back pain in children and adolescents.

Objective:To analyze the influences of leukocytes on improving blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis after periodontal mechanical therapy.Methods:Thirty-five patients visiting Peking University Third Hospital from March 2011 to August 2012, as well as thirty-four patients visiting Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from March 2011 to August 2012 and December 2016 to December 2018 were selected in this research. These subjects were non-smokers, and with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis and T2DM. The full set of periodontal examinations including probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), bleeding index (BI) and plaque index (PLI) were conducted. Besides, counts of white blood cells (WBC), parameters of glucose and lipids metabolites such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in serum were examined before treatment. Then, oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing (SRP) were carried out. Three months after SRP, the baseline examinations were repeated in all patients. According to the baseline leukocyte counts, the patients were divided into subgroups: low WBC group (WBC<6.19×10 9/L) and high WBC group (WBC≥6.19×10 9/L). Paired t-test for comparison of changes after treatment, analysis of co-variance for comparing the intervention effects between subgroups, and multifactor Logistic regression analysis were performed. Results:Three months after SRP, all periodontal indexes were significantly improved in both groups. Leukocyte counts decreased significantly in high WBC group (6.89±1.53 vs. 7.64±1.51, P=0.008). In high WBC group, HbA 1c (7.18±1.09 vs. 7.67±1.35, P=0.001) and LDL (2.67±0.85 vs. 3.28±0.76, P=0.042) decreased significantly, while there were no such differences in low WBC group. Influence of leukocyte level on HbA 1c ( OR=0.12, P=0.038) and LDL ( OR=0.15, P=0.001) improvement was statistically significant. Hierarchical analysis showed such improvement notably perform in female [HbA 1c ( OR=0.30, P=0.021), LDL ( OR=0.34, P=0.001)] and severe periodontitis group [HbA 1c ( OR=0.15, P=0.025), LDL ( OR=0.24, P=0.017)]. Through interaction test, female and leukocyte counts at baseline had relative excess risk affecting the effect of periodontal intervention on HbA 1c ( P=0.036) and LDL ( P=0.005). Conclusions:SRP could significantly improve the blood glucose and lipid control in patients who had T2DM and chronic periodontitis with relative higher leukocytes level. Female patients with severe periodontitis showed more obviously effects.