Worster-Drought syndrome (WDS) is a special and rare type of cerebral palsy, which is characte-rized by pseudobulbar palsy, selective weakness of the muscles of the lips, tongue, and soft palate, dysarthria, dysphagia, salivation, and jaw spasm.The onset of WDS is linked with a variety of prenatal, intrapartum and postnatal factors.The report of family cases of WDS suggested the genetic predisposition.Although there is no cure at present, early genetic counseling, early diagnosis and intervention can reduce the morbidity of offspring and improve the symptoms of children with WDS, which will greatly reduce the burden on the family and society in the future.In the present study, this paper aims to explore the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, imaging examination, diagnosis, disease spectrum and current treatment of WDS, thus improving the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy.

In February 2022, the German Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine published the first Evidence-based Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Non-specific Back Pain in Children and Adolescents, which provides clinical evidence and recommendations for the etiology, risk factors and diagnosis of back pain in children and adolescents, and the treatment and prevention suggestions on the non-specific back pain.Although the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of non-specific low back pain have been launched in China, a specific description of back pain in children and adolescents is lacking.With regard to increasing incidence of low back pain in children and adolescents, and differences in term of the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of back pain between children-adolescents and adults, this article aims to interpret the guidelines to provide references and guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of back pain in children and adolescents.