Objective: To analyze the factors affecting the dropping-out from methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Hangzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for improving the compliance to MMT. Methods: One MMT clinic was sampled from each of the eight districts in Hangzhou City using a cluster random sampling method, and patients that received MMT and were at ages of 18 years and older and registered during the period from December 2020 through June 2021 were recruited. Participants' basic characteristics, illegality and crime within 6 months prior to MMT and family and social relationships were collected through questionnaire surveys, and factors affecting the dropping-out from MMT were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 315 outpatients were included from MMT clinics. The participants had a mean age of (45.33±7.63) years, and included 245 men (77.78%) and 70 women (22.22%), with a dropping-out rate of 65.71%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a low likelihood of dropping-out from MMT among patients at ages of 60 years and older (OR=0.080, 95%CI: 0.018-0.350), employees (OR=0.415, 95%CI: 0.236-0.727), patients without drug-related infectious diseases (OR=0.411, 95%CI: 0.231-0.731), patients with per dossing of 60 mL and higher (OR=0.431, 95%CI: 0.236-0.787) and patients without contact with drug-using friends (OR=0.328, 95%CI: 0.185-0.582), and a high possibility of dropping-out from MMT among patients with poor relationship with family members (OR=2.905, 95%CI: 1.127-7.488). Conclusion Age, working status, drug-related infectious diseases, dosing, relationship with family members and contact with drug-using friends affected the dropping-out from MTT in Hangzhou City.

The total proteins of plain E.coli(DH5 ?)were coupled to the Sephacryl S300 oxidized with periodate,and the preliminarily purified antiserum was loaded repeatedly on the column for 18 hours.The unspecific anti\|E.coli antibodies would be absorbed and the antibodies would be purified.It was more specific to do western blot using antibodies treated by this method than using ones without treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the effect and safety of Beyond cold light tooth whitening kit on bleaching the teeth changed in color with age. Methods: 426 teeth changed in color with age in 32 patients were bleached with Beyond cold light tooth whitening kit, and 431 teeth changed in color with age in 32 patients were bleached with Aulen bleaching agent as control. The changes of teeth color were evaluated by VITA shade guide matching, and the sensitivity of tooth was recorded. Results:The highly effective rate (89.7%) of experimental group was significantly higher than that(73.3%) of control group(P0.05). Conclusion: Beyond cold light tooth whitening kit is proved to be an effective, safe and quick method of bleaching the teeth changed in color with age.

0.05), but the values of ET and TNF in the CJ group were significantly lower than those in the EBD group (P

Objective To explore the causes and management of postoperative complications of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 450 patients with metabolic diseases who underwent LRYGB between June 2004 and November 2016 were collected,including 283 (58 in hospital consultation) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,140 in the Jihua Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University and 27 in the Zhengzhou Hospital of Jinan University.Observation indicators:situations of surgical completion,follow-up situations,occurrence,treatment and prognosis of complications.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative complications once at month 1,3,6 and 12 within 1 year postoperatively and once every year after 1 year postoperatively up to March 2017.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Count data were evaluated by the ratio,and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test.Results All the 450 patients with metabolic diseases underwent successful LRYGB,including 50 receiving LRYGB during surgical internship period and 400 receiving LRYGB after surgical internship period,without conversion to open surgery.All the 450 patients were followed up for 70 months (range,1-153 months).Twenty-seven patients had postoperative complications,with an incidence of 6.00％ (27/450).The incidence of postoperative complications was 20.00％(10/50) in 50 patients receiving LRYGB during surgical internship period and 4.25％ (17/400) in 400 patients receiving LRYGB after surgical internship period,with a statistically significant difference (x2 =16.86,P＜ 0.05).Of 27 patients with postoperative complications,1 was complicated with fulminant acute pancreatitis and died from multiple organ failure at day 15 postoperatively,5 with intra-abdominal bleeding,2 with anastomotic leakage,3 with gastrojejunal anastomosis stenosis,2 with gastrojejunal anastomosis ulcer,1 with improper anastomosis,1 with respiratory failure,1 with umbilicus infection,3 with internal hernia,2 with dumping syndrome,6 with weight-loss failure (1 refused to undergo revision surgery),and patients with postoperative complications were improved or cured by surgery or conservative treatment except one death.Conclusions The incidence of complications in patients receiving LRYGB after surgical internship period is significantly reduced,and complications needs to make the individualized treatment plan.

Objective To evaluate the effect of liver transplantation(LT)on the prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 11 consecutive patients with ICC who underwent LT between October 2003 and November 2008 at our institution.The overall and disease-free survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Mayer method.Results The median survival time Was 9.0 months(2.5-53 months).The 1-,2-,3-and 4-year disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate of all the patients were 51.9%、51.9%、51.9%、51.9%and 50.5%、50.5%、50.5%、50.5%,respectively.The perioperative mortality and the recurrence rate were 0 and 43.5%,respectively.The survival rate and disease-free survival time of patients with recurrence were 2.5-10 months(mean 7.5 months)and 1-8 months(mean 3.8 months).Conclusions The prognosis of LT for ICC is rather poor.ICC patients with lymph node metastasis.vascular or bile duct invasion is contraindicated for LT.

Objective To investigate whether the colonoscopy skills could be retained after the endoscopy simulator training,and to find evidence for curriculum design.Methods A total of 14 trainees received virtual reality simulator colonoscopy training and took a standardized VR colonoscopy test at the end of training and at 6 months later without practice during the time period.Results Scores drastically decreased at 6 months after training when compared to those right after the training.Although there was no difference in safety or accuracy,there was significant difference in the residual air volume,intestinal loop and procedure time.Conclusion Some skills acquired by using the Endoscopy Simulator can be retained,but other skills may be lost,which requires more practice.

Objective: To investigate the application value of caesarean section scar or bikini line incisional approach in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Methods: The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 162 patients with obesity and metabolic diseases who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University between March 2018 and April 2019 were collected. There were 51 males and 111 females, aged (35±8)years, with a range from 12 to 47 years. Of 162 patients, 72 undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy via caesarean section scar or bikini line incisional approach and 90 undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy via traditional incisional approach were respectively allocated into concealed incision group and traditional incision group. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) intraoperative situations; (3) postoperative situations; (4) follow-up. Follow-up using outpatient examination, telephone interview, and WeChat was performed to detect the postoperative complications at 1, 3, 6 months and 1, 2, 5 years postoperatively up to May 2019. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and the t test was used for comparison between groups. Count data were represented as absolute numbers, and were analyzed by the chi-square test or fisher exact probability. Ordinal data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: (1) Surgical situations: patients in the concealed incision group and traditional incision group underwent successfully laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, without conversion to open surgery, reoperation, or perioperative death. (2) Intraoperative situations: the operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss of the concealed incision group were (102±17)minutes and (11±4)mL, respectively, versus (105±19)minutes and (11±4)mL of the traditional incision group (t=-1.232, -0.676, P>0.05). There were 6 cases and 21 cases with additional surgical ports during operation in the concealed incision group and traditional incision group, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (χ²=6.280, P<0.05). (3) Postoperative situations: in the concealed incision group, 56 patients were very satisfied with scar appearance and 16 patients were satisfied with scar appearance. In the traditional incision group, 42 patients were very satisfied with scar appearance and 48 patients were satisfied with scar appearance. There was a significant difference in the overall satisfaction with the incision scar between the two groups (Z=-4.012, P<0.05). Duration of postoperative hospital stay and total hospital expenses of the concealed incision group were (4.9±0.9)days and (64 408±5 123)yuan, versus (5.2±1.5)days and (64 953±3 477)yuan of the traditional incision group (t=-1.788, -0.804, P>0.05). There were 19 and 14 patients with gastroesophageal reflux in the concealed incision group and traditional incision group, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (χ²=2.894, P>0.05). There was no postoperative complication such as infection, hemorrhage or anastomotic leakage in either group. (4) Follow-up: 32 of 162 patients were lost to follow-up, including 10 in the concealed incision group and 22 in the traditional incision group; other 130 patients were followed up for 1-14 months, with a median follow-up time of 7 months. During the follow-up, 1 patient in the traditional incision group was hospitalized again at 3 months after surgery due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and was cured after symptomatic supportive treatment. One patient in the concealed incision group was admitted to the local hospital for functional obstruction at 1 month after surgery and was discharged after symptomatic treatment. Other patients had no readmission due to postoperative complications. Conclusion Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy via caesarean section scar or bikini line incision is safe and feasible, with good cosmetic effects.

Objective To explore the reaction pattern rules of mouse retinal ganglion cells potential under different wavelengths of light stimulation. Methods Thirty SPF grade 3.week.old C57BL/6 mice were used for ex vivo whole mount retina preparation. The cells firing activities were recorded on patch clamp system with on cell touch mode under stimulation of 400 nm,580 nm and white light,respectively. According to different reactions to different light stimulation, the cells were classified into 400 nm sensitive RGC, 580 nm sensitive RGC and color vision insensitive RGC. Then the cells were further classified according to light ON type,light ON/OFF type or light OFF type. The RGC's baseline firing pattern ( baseline firing frequency,burst firing frequency) and light activation firing pattern (response pattern,light response firing frequency,light response firing amplification) were compared among different RGC classifications. Results Eighty.two RGCs were recorded in total. The frequency of spontaneous firing activity ranged from 0. 00 Hz to 32. 33 Hz among different RGCs. 400 nm sensitive RGCs were 52(63. 41％),580 nm sensitive RGCs were 29(35. 37％) and color vision insensitive RGC was 1(1. 22％). OFF type RGC was the main cell type in 400 nm sensitive group (36. 29％),and ON/OFF type RGC was the main cell type in 580 nm sensitive group (34. 48％). The firing amplification in 580 nm sensitive RGC was (22. 93±10. 23)Hz,which was significantly higher than (14. 44±10. 11)Hz in 400 nm sensitive RGC (t=4. 060,P=0. 044). The firing amplification in 580 nm sensitive ON type RGC was (24. 17±8. 98)Hz,which was significantly higher than (11. 12±10. 35)Hz in 400 nm sensitive ON type RGC (t=5. 373,P=0. 021). Conclusions There is no specific firing pattern rules among different light sensitive RGCs. In the future, artificial color vision may be achieved through personalized electric stimulation and learning feedback strategy.

Objective To explore the reaction pattern rules of mouse retinal ganglion cells potential under different wavelengths of light stimulation.Methods Thirty SPF grade 3-week-old C57BL/6 mice were used for ex vivo whole mount retina preparation.The cells firing activities were recorded on patch clamp system with on cell touch mode under stimulation of 400 nm,580 nm and white light,respectively.According to different reactions to different light stimulation,the cells were classified into 400 nm sensitive RGC,580 nm sensitive RGC and color vision insensitive RGC.Then the cells were further classified according to light ON type,light ON/OFF type or light OFF type.The RGC's baseline firing pattern (baseline firing frequency,burst firing frequency) and light activation firing pattern (response pattern,light response firing frequency,light response firing amplification) were compared among different RGC classifications.Results Eighty-two RGCs were recorded in total.The frequency of spontaneous firing activity ranged from 0.00 Hz to 32.33 Hz among different RGCs.400 nm sensitive RGCs were 52 (63.41％),580 nm sensitive RGCs were 29(35.37％) and color vision insensitive RGC was 1 (1.22％).OFF type RGC was the main cell type in 400 nm sensitive group (36.29％),and ON/OFF type RGC was the main cell type in 580 nm sensitive group (34.48％).The firing amplification in 580 nm sensitive RGC was (22.93±10.23) Hz,which was significantly higher than (14.44± 10.11) Hz in 400 nm sensitive RGC (t =4.060,P =0.044).The firing amplification in 580 nm sensitive ON type RGC was (24.17±8.98)Hz,which was significantly higher than (11.12±10.35)Hz in 400 nm sensitive ON type RGC (t =5.373,P =0.021).Conclusions There is no specific firing pattern rules among different light sensitive RGCs.In the future,artificial color vision may be achieved through personalized electric stimulation and learning feedback strategy.