Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in southern Xinjiang Uyghur residents aged≥ 50 years.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out.Randomized cluster sampling was used in this survey of Uyghur residents aged 50 or above in Kuche and Kashi County of Xinjiang from January to May 2017.A total of 1 202 individuals received questionnaire survey,visual acuity test and eye examination.The AMD was diagnosed according to the Consensus of the 2012 International Beckmann AMD Classification Study Group,and the prevalence rate and risk factors of AMD in the population was analyzed.Results In 1490 Uyghur residents,a total of 1 202 subjects were included,with the response rate 80.67％.The 113 eyes of 73 patients were diagnosed as AMD,with the prevalence rate 6.07％.The prevalence of early-and mid-term AMD was 3.99％,and dry AMD was 1.00％ and wet AMD was 1.08％.The prevalence rate of AMD in 50-59 years group,60-69 years group,70-79 years group and more than 80-year group was 4.35％,5.85％,11.38％ and 14.81％,respectively.The prevalence of AMD was elevated with aging (x2 =15.008,P =0.002).Aging and region are the risk factors of AMD (Age:OR=1.000,P=0.001;region:OR=0.515,P=0022).Conclusions The prevalence rate of AMD among Uyghur residents aged 50 or above in southern Xinjiang is significantly lower than that in Europe and United States.Aging is an uncontrollable risk factor for AMD.

Objective:To explore the research status of artificial intelligence in nursing in China, so as to provide reference for conducting research domestically.Methods:The relevant literature collected from January 1, 2003 to May 1, 2023 was searched on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, and VIP. CiteSpace and VOS viewer were used to visually analyze the research status, hotspots, and frontiers of artificial intelligence in nursing in China from the aspects of annual publication volume, region, institution, author, high-frequency keywords, and emerging words.Results:A total of 494 articles were included. In terms of publication volume, domestic research showed an overall upward trend, with publishing institutions mostly concentrated in economically developed and medically advanced regions. The authors of the articles often collaborated with research groups, with a co-authorship rate of 81.17% (401/494), but there was relatively little collaboration between groups. Research hotspots were focused on the application of artificial intelligence in geriatric nursing, rehabilitation nursing, Operating Rooms, and drug formulation, with a majority of research related to robots.Conclusions:The research enthusiasm in related fields in China is currently on the rise. Research on artificial intelligence in nursing management, nursing education, and psychological nursing can be strengthened, and the application of artificial intelligence can be enriched. At the same time, research institutions and personnel should strengthen mutual cooperation, and relevant national departments should improve laws and regulations to promote the vigorous development of this research field.

Objective:To analyze the current research status of ideological and political education content in domestic nursing courses and facilitate nursing education reform.Methods:Using purposeful sampling, 25 exemplary cases of ideological and political education in nursing courses from Xinhua Net were selected. NVivo 12 software was employed for content analysis, summarizing the ideological and political elements, carriers of these elements, and types of integration methods in nursing courses.Results:Nursing educators have thoroughly explored ideological and political elements, with the most attention given to professional ethics, though less focus was placed on personality development. A variety of carriers for ideological and political elements were utilized, with practical experience being the most common, but there was a lack of integration with policy and regulations. Various integration methods were applied, with interactive methods being the most frequently used, while practical approaches were less common.Conclusions:Future nursing education should emphasize fostering students' sense of national identity and focus more on personality development. It is important to promote a more balanced use of carriers for ideological and political elements, paying particular attention to policy-related content. The use of information technology in teaching should also be explored to flexibly apply various teaching methods, achieving the subtle integration of ideological and political education within nursing curricula.

Objective To explore the reaction pattern rules of mouse retinal ganglion cells potential under different wavelengths of light stimulation. Methods Thirty SPF grade 3.week.old C57BL/6 mice were used for ex vivo whole mount retina preparation. The cells firing activities were recorded on patch clamp system with on cell touch mode under stimulation of 400 nm,580 nm and white light,respectively. According to different reactions to different light stimulation, the cells were classified into 400 nm sensitive RGC, 580 nm sensitive RGC and color vision insensitive RGC. Then the cells were further classified according to light ON type,light ON/OFF type or light OFF type. The RGC's baseline firing pattern ( baseline firing frequency,burst firing frequency) and light activation firing pattern (response pattern,light response firing frequency,light response firing amplification) were compared among different RGC classifications. Results Eighty.two RGCs were recorded in total. The frequency of spontaneous firing activity ranged from 0. 00 Hz to 32. 33 Hz among different RGCs. 400 nm sensitive RGCs were 52(63. 41％),580 nm sensitive RGCs were 29(35. 37％) and color vision insensitive RGC was 1(1. 22％). OFF type RGC was the main cell type in 400 nm sensitive group (36. 29％),and ON/OFF type RGC was the main cell type in 580 nm sensitive group (34. 48％). The firing amplification in 580 nm sensitive RGC was (22. 93±10. 23)Hz,which was significantly higher than (14. 44±10. 11)Hz in 400 nm sensitive RGC (t=4. 060,P=0. 044). The firing amplification in 580 nm sensitive ON type RGC was (24. 17±8. 98)Hz,which was significantly higher than (11. 12±10. 35)Hz in 400 nm sensitive ON type RGC (t=5. 373,P=0. 021). Conclusions There is no specific firing pattern rules among different light sensitive RGCs. In the future, artificial color vision may be achieved through personalized electric stimulation and learning feedback strategy.

Objective To explore the reaction pattern rules of mouse retinal ganglion cells potential under different wavelengths of light stimulation.Methods Thirty SPF grade 3-week-old C57BL/6 mice were used for ex vivo whole mount retina preparation.The cells firing activities were recorded on patch clamp system with on cell touch mode under stimulation of 400 nm,580 nm and white light,respectively.According to different reactions to different light stimulation,the cells were classified into 400 nm sensitive RGC,580 nm sensitive RGC and color vision insensitive RGC.Then the cells were further classified according to light ON type,light ON/OFF type or light OFF type.The RGC's baseline firing pattern (baseline firing frequency,burst firing frequency) and light activation firing pattern (response pattern,light response firing frequency,light response firing amplification) were compared among different RGC classifications.Results Eighty-two RGCs were recorded in total.The frequency of spontaneous firing activity ranged from 0.00 Hz to 32.33 Hz among different RGCs.400 nm sensitive RGCs were 52 (63.41％),580 nm sensitive RGCs were 29(35.37％) and color vision insensitive RGC was 1 (1.22％).OFF type RGC was the main cell type in 400 nm sensitive group (36.29％),and ON/OFF type RGC was the main cell type in 580 nm sensitive group (34.48％).The firing amplification in 580 nm sensitive RGC was (22.93±10.23) Hz,which was significantly higher than (14.44± 10.11) Hz in 400 nm sensitive RGC (t =4.060,P =0.044).The firing amplification in 580 nm sensitive ON type RGC was (24.17±8.98)Hz,which was significantly higher than (11.12±10.35)Hz in 400 nm sensitive ON type RGC (t =5.373,P =0.021).Conclusions There is no specific firing pattern rules among different light sensitive RGCs.In the future,artificial color vision may be achieved through personalized electric stimulation and learning feedback strategy.