Cerebral palsy, a non-progressive central dyskinesis caused by a variety of reasons. is one of the major diseases resulting in serious paralysis of children nervous system. At present there is no special treatment. and most are supporting and symptomatic treatments. In recent years, with development of recombinant DNA technology and cell biology. transgenic cell lines and cell line transplantation have become new focus of study in brain transplant. Currently the experimental studies on cell transplantation, especially stem cells. in the treatment of children cerebral palsy mainly refer to newborn animals with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury at acute phase. and have made some progresses. Studies have demonstrated that stem cells can survive longest for eight months after transplanted into the brain. and can migrate to the damage a/ca and differentiate into different phenotypes of nerve cells to improve partly neuroethology disorder. However. that transplanted stem cells differentiate into minimal target neurons may be ode of main reasons that cannot achieve ideal effects.

AIM:To observe the dynamic changes of synapsin I expression and its phosphorylation in hippocampus in vascular dementia(VD)rats.METHODS:Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group(n=40)and VD model group(n=40),and the latter were established by repeatedly clipping the common carotid arteries with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside solution in anesthetized condition.The synaptic ultrastructural changes in hippocampal CA1 region and the expression levels of synapsinⅠ and phosphorylated synapsinⅠin hippocampus were observed by TEM and immunohistochemical staining method respectively in both sham-operated group and VD model group at 15 d,1 month,2 months and 4 months time points.RESULTS:No obviously pathological changes to CA1 area synapse were found in SO group.In model group rats,synaptic circa membrane ambiguity and fusion,synaptic circa membrane structure decreased the postsynaptic density,reduced synaptic vesicles and vesicle cluster.Above pathological changes became gradually severe along with the time prolongation after model-making operation.Compared with sham-operated group,the expression of synapsin I significantly reduced in CA1 region(P0.05)in model group was observed.The number of p-synapsin I positive neurons in DG and hippocampal CA1 region was less in model group than that in sham-operated group(P0.05).CONCLUSION:The damaged synaptic structure and depressed expression of synapsin I and its phosphorylation in presynaptic parts of hippocampus induced by repeatedly cerebral ischemia/reperfusion may contribute to the synaptic transmission disorders,especially the presynaptic disorder which may be one of the important pathogenesis of the initiation and development in vascular dementia rats.

Objective To investigate the impact of hepatic steatosis on the outcome of adefovir therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with HBeAg positive. Methods The medical records of 154 patients who were diagnosed with CHB positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and received adefovir therapy for 24 weeks between January, 2011 and December, 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Baseline status and virologic response, biochemical response and serology response between patient with (n = 68) and without (n = 86) steatosis who were proven by ultrasound. Both groups were given oral adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg/d for 24 weeks , recovery rate in ALT/AST, negative conversion rate of HBV DNA and HBeAg were recorded and compared. Results Recovery rate in ALT/AST in observation group was 67.7%, which is lower than control group (83.7%), and the difference is significant(P < 0.05). Negative conversion rate of HBV DNA and HBeAg in control group is 81.4%and 83.7%, which is significantly higher than observation group (whose values are 58.8% and 44.1%, P < 0.05). Conclusion Hepatic steatosis has significant impact on the outcome of adefovir treatment.

BACKGROUND: Incidence rate of carcinoma of large intestine increases with the development of national living standard. Many epidemiologic surveys have showed that dietary factors have closely correlation with high risk of carcinoma of large intestine.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of dietary fiber and inositol hexaphosphate on the incidence of carcinoma of large intestine by establishing rat models with carcinoma of large intestine.DESIGN: Randomized block design.SETTING: Institute of Nutriology, Medical College, Qingdao University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at the Institute of Nutriology, Medical College, Qingdao University from March to December 2004.Totally 86 male Wistar rats of 4 weeks were randomly assigned based on body mass into cellulose group with 14 rats, pectin group with 14 rats, inositol hexaphosphate group with 15 rats, cellulose plus inositol hexaphosphate group with 14 rats, pectin plus inositol hexaphosphate group with 14rats and control group with 15 rats.METHODS: Basic feed without dietary fiber was given in the control group. 10% pectin was added in the pectin group. 10% cellulose was added in the cellulose group. 2% sodium phytate was added in the water of inositol hexaphosphate group. 10% pectin and 2% sodium phytate were added in the water of pectin plus inositol hexaphosphate group. 10% cellulose and 2% sodium phytate drinking water were added in the cellulose plus inositol hexaphosphate group. A total of 86 rats received 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) by subcutaneous injection to induce carcinoma of large intestine at week 4 after breeding. Incidence rate of large bowel neoplasm,number and volume of tumor were observed. Proliferating activity of large intestinal mucosa cells was determined (the ratio of number of positive cells of proliferating cell nuclear antigen to total count of nucleus).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Incidence rate of large bowel neoplasm in each group, changes of mean number and mean volume of tumors of each rat, and ②proliferating activity of large intestinal mucosa cells of rats.RESULTS: ①Most of the rats in each group died during the 20-week trial. Oue rat died in the pectin group, the pectin plus inositol hexaphosphate group and the control group, respectively after 20 weeks. ②There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of large bowel neoplasm of rats compared with the control group (P ＞ 0.05), but the mean number and mean volume of tumors of each rat in the inositol hexaphosphate group were significantly lower than those in the control group [quantity: (1.1±0.2),(4.1±1.2)rats,P ＜ 0.01 ;volume: (176.1±65.5), (1 046.7±469.0)mm3,P ＜ 0.05], and the mean number of tumors of each rat in the pectin plus inositol hexaphosphate group was obviously higher than that in the control group [(7.5±1.9), (7.2±1.0) rats,P ＜ 0.05]. ③The proliferating activity of large intestinal mucosa cells in the inositol hexaphosphate group significantly decreased as compared with the control group. The proliferating activity of large intestinal mucosa cells in the pectin group increased as compared with the control group [(41.8±4.7)%, (83.6±2.9)%,(66.7±7.8)% ,P ＜ 0.01 and 0.05].CONCLUSION: It may increase the incidence rate of carcinoma of large intestine when pectin is added in diet, on the contrary, the rate decreases if inositol hexaphophate is added in the water.

Objective To investigate the impact of fatty liver on antiviral effect in the patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) .Methods A total of 204 patients with hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg ) positive CHB in the outpatient department of our hospital from January 2011 to April 2014 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the two groups according to wheth‐er complicating fatty liver :the simple CHB group(control group ,122 cases) and CHB complicating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFID) group(observation group ,82 cases) .The two groups all received the 24‐week antiviral therapy of adefovir (10 mg/d) . The differences in the normalization rate of ALT/AST (biochemical response) ,HBeAg negative conversion rate (serological re‐sponse) and HBV DNA negative conversion rate(virological response) were compared between the two groups .Then the cases ob‐taining the virological response after treatment in the two groups were compared again .Among the cases obtaining virological re‐sponse,thedifferencesinthenormalizationrateofALT/AST(biochemicalresponse)andHBeAgnegativeconversionrate(serologi‐cal response) were compared between the simple CHB group and CHB complicating NAFID group .Results The normalization rate of ALT/AST after 24‐week treatment in the CHB complicating NAFID group was 58 .5% ,which was significantly lower than 72 .1% in the simple CHB group ,the difference was statistically significant ;the negative conversion rate of HBV DNA and HBeAg after 24‐week treatment in the simple CHB group was 67 .2% and 52 .5% ,which were significantly higher than 51 .2% and 37 .8%respectively ,the differences were statistically significant ;among the cases obtaining the virological response ,the normalization rate of ALT/AST in the simple CHB group was 96 .3% ,which was significantly higher than 66 .7% in the CHB complicating NAFID group ,the difference was statistically significant .But among the cases obtaining the virological response ,the negative conversion rate of HBeAg was 78 .0% in the simple CHB group and 73 .8% in the CHB complicating NAFID group ,the simple CHB group was slightly higher than the CHB complicating NAFID group without statistical difference .Conclusion NAFLD has impact on the antiviral effect of adefovir treatment in CHB patients with positive HBeAg ,whereas complicating NAFLD is an important reason for reaching the virological response and serological response ,but without reaching the biochemical response in the antiviral treatment of CHB complicating NAFID .

Accumulating evidence suggests that the small G protein Rho and its downstream effector Rho kinase may play important roles in kidney biology. The present study examined the effects of a Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, on daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis and explored the underlying mechanism by which fasudil ameliorates glomerulosclerosis. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly allocated into sham-operation group (sham group, n=12), unilateral nephrectomy (UNX)+daunorubicin (DRB) group (model group, n=12), UNX+DRB+Fasudil group (treatment group, n=12). Two to four weeks after the establishment of the animal model, 6 rats in each group were taken randomly for the detection of 24-h urine protein excretion. Kidney sections were examined by HE and PAS staining, immunohistochemistry and transmission electric microscopy (TEM). The expression of Rho-kinase mRNA and P27 mRNA in kidney were detected by RT-PCR. It was found that the 24-h urine protein excretion in model group was increased significantly as compared with sham group (P<0.01). But this increase was significantly suppressed by fasudil (P<0.05). At 4 week, the foot process effacement in podocytes, mesangial proliferation and ECM accumulation were observed in model group, presenting as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. But in the treatment group, the fasudil alleviated glomerular injury, with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cell infiltration ameliorated and the expression of P27 increased. The expression of Rho-kinase mRNA was significantly enhanced in model group and was suppressed in treatment group. Moreover, fasudil up-regulated the mRNA expression of P27. Our study demonstrated that the glomerulosclerosis was substantially ameliorated by inhibiting the expression of Rho-kinase. It is suggested that Rho-kinase pathway is involved in the renal injury and the inhibition of Rho-kinase may constitute a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal injury.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress and diabetes mellitus (DM)-caused influence on cardioprotection induced by remifentanil postconditioning in rats.Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were used in the study.A model for type 1 DM was established by intraperitoneal streptozotocin 50 mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose ≥ 16.7 mmol/L.Thirty six rats with type 1 DM were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (DM-S group),myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group (DM-I/R group) and remifentanil postconditioning group (DM-R group).Another 36 normal rats were exposed to single intraperitoneal injection of sodium citrate-hydrochloric acid buffer solution and served as control group.Two weeks later 36 normal rats with nondiabetes mellitus were also randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (NDM-S group),myocardial I/ R group (NDM-I/R group) and remifentanil postconditioning group (NDM-R group).Myocardial I/R was produced by 30 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion.Remifentanil postconditioning was induced by 10 min infusion of remifentanil 10 μg · kg-1 · min 1 via the femoral vein starting from 5 min before reperfusion.Before ischemia and at 30 and 120 min of ischemia,MAP,SP and HR were recorded and rate-pressure product (RPP) was calculated.At 120 min of reperfusion,arterial blood samples were collected for measurement of plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration.The animals were then sacrificed and hearts were removed for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS).The left 6 rats from each group were sacrificed at 120 min of reperfusion,the specimens from their left ventricular apex were obtained to detect the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78),C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12 by Western blot.Results MAP and RPP were significantly decreased,the plasma concentration of cTnI was increased,changes of cardiac infarction were found,and the expression of GRP78,CHOP and caspase-12 was up-regulated in diabetic and nondiabetic rats.Remifentanil postconditioning could inhibit the expression of GRP78,CHOP and caspase-12,increase MAP and RPP,decrease the plasma concentration of cTnI,and reduce myocardial infarct size in nondiabetic rats,but it had no such effects in the diabetic rats.The expression of GRP78,CHOP and caspase-12 was significantly higher after remifentanil postconditioning in diabetic rats than in nondiabetic rats.Conclusion Enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in DM-caused loss of cardioprotection induced by remifentanil postconditioning in rats.

Objective To translate and revise the Atrial Fibrillation-Quality of Life -18 (AF-QoL-18),and to test its reliability and validity. Methods The Chinese version of AF-QoL-18 was developed through the process of translation, back- translation, cultural adaptation, and preliminary experiment. A total of 187 atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in eight hospitals in Jiangsu province were investigated using the Chinese version to test the reliability and validity. Results Exploratory factor analysis identified three factors, including physiological, psychological and sexual dimensions, which could explain 65.055%of the total variance. The content validity index was 0.969. The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.915 and the retest reliability was 0.948 for the total scale. Conclusions The Chinese version AF-QoL-18 has proved to be reliable and valid.It can be used to measure the quality of life of AF patients in China.

Spinal cord compression injury (SCCI) is common in orthopedics manifested as system dysfunction, and even Results in disability and death. This article would review the recent researches for SCCI.

Objective To investigate the relationship between waist-to-height ratio and metabolic syndrome,in order to identify the optimal cut-off point of waist-to-height ratio for predicting metabolic syndrome.Methods In this cross-sectional study,we recruited 343 people who received physical examination in First Hospital of Quanzhou between January 2012 and June 2014,and collected the information of their waist circumference,height,weight,blood pressure,laboratory test results (including fasting blood glucose,2-hour glucose after oral glucose tolerance test,triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and visceral fat area assessed by computed tomography.Then a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to estimate the optimal cut-off points of waist-to-height ratio for the prediction of metabolic syndrome.Results Among the 343 people,there were 195 metabolic syndrome patients,the prevalence rate was 56.8％,which was 70.2％ in men (127/181) and 42.0％ in women (68/162).In ROC curve analysis,the area under the curve of waist-to-height ratio for the prediction of metabolic syndrome was 0.664 for men,and 0.673 for women.The optimal cut-off point of waist-to-height ratio for predicting metabolic syndrome was 0.543 0 (sensitivity 88.2％,specificity 44.4％) for men,and 0.568 3 (sensitivity 86.8％,specificity 46.8％).Conclusion The optimal cut-off point of waist-to-height ratio for predicting metabolic syndrome in Quanzhou population is 0.543 0 for men and 0.568 3 for women.