Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor in urinary system. Immunotherapy, as a new treatment modality, has recently achieved great success in urothelial cancer. As a hotspot of immunotherapy, oncolytic virus can promote anti-tumor response by specifically destroying tumor cells and activating specific anti-tumor immune response. At present, oncolytic virus has made a great breakthrough in the treatment of bladder cancer, especially in the treatment of NMIBC. Oncolytic viruses, including adenovirus, coxsackie virus, vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus, have shown good safety and effectiveness in a number of clinical trials for bladder cancer treated by intravesical instillation. Especially when recombinant adenovirus interferon α is used in the phase Ⅲ clinical trial of bladder cancer, up to 53% of the patients have achieved complete response at the third months, but there was no grade Ⅳ/Ⅴ adverse reaction. In this paper, the latest progress of research on oncolytic virus in the treatment of bladder cancer was reviewed.