Objective To study the change and significance of bilateral frontal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in patients with Parkinson's disease depression (DPD).Methods 1H-MRS for bilateral frontal lobe was performed in 20 patients with DPD,23 patients with PD and 20 healthy controls.The metabolite ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Creatine(Cr) and Choline (Cho)/Cr in patients with PD and DPD and control group were compared.Results The NAA/Cr values of the first frontal lobe of patients with DPD were significantly lower than those of PD patients (P<0.05),while Cho/Cr values were significantly higher than those of PD patients (P<0.05).There were no significant differences of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr values between DPD and PD patients.Conclusion 1H-MRS can detect the metabolic changes of frontal lobe in patients with DPD,and it can contribute to the diagnosis and risk prediction of DPD.

Objective To study the change and significance of bilateral frontal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in patients with Parkinson's disease depression (DPD).Methods 1H-MRS for bilateral frontal lobe was performed in 20 patients with DPD,23 patients with PD and 20 healthy controls.The metabolite ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Creatine(Cr) and Choline (Cho)/Cr in patients with PD and DPD and control group were compared.Results The NAA/Cr values of the first frontal lobe of patients with DPD were significantly lower than those of PD patients (P<0.05),while Cho/Cr values were significantly higher than those of PD patients (P<0.05).There were no significant differences of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr values between DPD and PD patients.Conclusion 1H-MRS can detect the metabolic changes of frontal lobe in patients with DPD,and it can contribute to the diagnosis and risk prediction of DPD.

Background::Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a vascular complication after kidney transplantation associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of low-dose aspirin for preventing TRAS.Methods::After kidney transplantation, patients were enrolled from January 2018 to December 2020 in Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. A total of 351 enrolled recipients were randomized to an aspirin group with low-dose intake of aspirin in addition to standard treatment ( n = 178), or a control group with only standard treatment ( n = 173). The patients was initially diagnosed as TRAS (id-TRAS) by Doppler ultrasound, and confirmed cases were diagnosed by DSA (c-TRAS). Results::In the aspirin and control groups, 15.7% (28/178) and 22.0% (38/173) of the recipients developed id-TRAS, respectively, with no statistical difference. However, for c-TRAS, the difference of incidence and cumulative incidence was statistically significant. The incidence of c-TRAS was lower in the aspirin group compared with the control group (2.8% [5/178] vs. 11.6% [20/173], P = 0.001). Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox regression model identified the cumulative incidence and hazard ratio (HR) of TRAS over time in two groups, showing that recipients treated with aspirin had a significantly lower risk of c-TRAS than those who were not treated (log-rank P = 0.001, HR = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.62). The levels of platelet aggregation rate ( P < 0.001), cholesterol ( P = 0.028), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = 0.003) in the aspirin group were decreased compared with the control group in the third-month post-transplantation. For the incidence of adverse events, there was no statistical difference. Conclusion::Clinical application of low-dose aspirin after renal transplant could prevent the development of TRAS with no significant increase in adverse effects.Trial Registration::Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04260828.

The methodological framework for interventional clinical research of Chinese medicine （CM） under the research mode of syndrome dominating disease provides a set of technical principles and methods to design， evaluate， and implement of this kind. It consists of three main parts including general principles， research points and key design elements， with a total of 25 items. This methodological framework proposes implementing requirements and recommendations in a variety of aspects， including basic norms to be followed in relevant studies， perspectives for selecting research topics， as well as the technological details on study population （P）， intervention （I） and comparison（C）， outcome measurement （O）， time frame （T） of treatment and follow-up， sample orientation （prospective versus retrospective）， study design （S） format and type. To provide practical guidance for future studies， this article clearly explains each items of the methodological framework through some supportive cases.