Erchentang is a classic formula widely used by medical practitioners throughout history. In this paper，ancient and modern literature of Erchentang were collected， and bibliometrics was employed to analyze its historic evolution，prescription meaning，herbs origin， processing method，preparation methods， and clinical application. A total of 84 pieces of data were collected， and 58 pieces of data involving 53 ancient medical Chinese books were screened， sorted， and processed. Combined with research of modern scholars，the research has found that the Erchentang originated from the Taiping Huimin Huiye Shijie Fang compiled by the Imperial Medical Bureau of the Song Dynasty. The basic information about the origin of the drugs is quite clear. Pinelliae rhizoma in the formula is the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata. Citri exocarpium rubrum is the dried mature peel of Citrus reticulata and its cultivated varieties， with the inner white membrane removed. Poria is the whitest dry sclerotia of Poria cocos； Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma is the dried root and rhizome of the Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The dosage is 5.70 g Pinelliae rhizome and Citri exocarpium rubrum， 3.43 g Poria， and 1.69 g Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma praeparata cum melle. During the decoction process， the above-mentioned herbs should be chopped， with 300 mL water， 7 g ginger in thick slices， and 2 g Mume fructus added， and it was then simmered together to 180 mL. After removing the medicinal residue， it can be taken warmly. Erchentang has the effect of drying dampness and resolving phlegm， regulating Qi and harmonizing the middle. It can be used in treating the syndrome of phlegm and dampness，as well as symptoms such as frequent cough，white phlegm，fullness in chest and diaphragm，nausea and vomiting，limb drowsiness，anorexia，dizziness，palpitations，white and greasy tongue coating， and slippery pulse. The above results provide reference for future research and development of Erchentang.

Puji Xiaoduyin， a specialized formula for the swollen-head epidemic， was recorded in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formula （the Second Batch）-Han Medicine， published in September 2023. It had been inherited and developed by medical experts of successive generations and passed down to this day. This paper sorted out the historical evolution of this formula using bibliometric methods. It also comprehensively analyzed key information on the formula name， historical origin， drug dosage， herb origin， processing methods， decocting methods， function， and clinical applications. Additionally， this paper analyzed the application of this formula in both modern and ancient times. Results showed that the formula was first recorded as "Puji Xiaodu Yinzi" in LI Dongyuan's Proven Formulas written by LI Gao from the Jin dynasty. The medicinal composition and dosage were： Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma （20.65 g each）， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 12.39 g， Scrophulariae Radix， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （8.26 g each）， Forsythiae Fructus， Arctii Fructus， Isatidis Radix， and Lasiosphaera Calvatia （4.13 g each）， Bombyx Batryticatus and Cimicifugae Rhizoma （2.891 g each）， Bupleuri Radix and Platycodonis Radix （8.26 g each）. These medicines were grounded to fine powder. One dose， including 20.65 g of the powder， was mixed with 600 mL of water and decocted to 300 mL. After abandoning slag， the medicine should be taken warm frequently. In the formula， Bombyx Batryticatus is stir-fired. With the effect of dispersing wind and clearing heat， removing stagnation and dissipating mass， the formula is specialized in swollen-head epidemic， pestilence， red and swelling head， face， and neck， dry mouth and tongue， as well as other diseases resulting from toxic heat stagnated in the upper jiao. The formula is widely used in treating diseases involving the respiratory， dermal， ophthalmologic， otolaryngologic， and nervous systems. The formula is most frequently used for respiratory diseases， with a wide range of symptoms including parotitis/mumps （66 times）， followed by tonsillitis （28 times）. In conclusion， the broadly applied formula has accurate efficacy and great development value.

Puji Xiaoduyin， a specialized formula for the swollen-head epidemic， was recorded in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formula （the Second Batch）-Han Medicine， published in September 2023. It had been inherited and developed by medical experts of successive generations and passed down to this day. This paper sorted out the historical evolution of this formula using bibliometric methods. It also comprehensively analyzed key information on the formula name， historical origin， drug dosage， herb origin， processing methods， decocting methods， function， and clinical applications. Additionally， this paper analyzed the application of this formula in both modern and ancient times. Results showed that the formula was first recorded as "Puji Xiaodu Yinzi" in LI Dongyuan's Proven Formulas written by LI Gao from the Jin dynasty. The medicinal composition and dosage were： Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma （20.65 g each）， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 12.39 g， Scrophulariae Radix， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （8.26 g each）， Forsythiae Fructus， Arctii Fructus， Isatidis Radix， and Lasiosphaera Calvatia （4.13 g each）， Bombyx Batryticatus and Cimicifugae Rhizoma （2.891 g each）， Bupleuri Radix and Platycodonis Radix （8.26 g each）. These medicines were grounded to fine powder. One dose， including 20.65 g of the powder， was mixed with 600 mL of water and decocted to 300 mL. After abandoning slag， the medicine should be taken warm frequently. In the formula， Bombyx Batryticatus is stir-fired. With the effect of dispersing wind and clearing heat， removing stagnation and dissipating mass， the formula is specialized in swollen-head epidemic， pestilence， red and swelling head， face， and neck， dry mouth and tongue， as well as other diseases resulting from toxic heat stagnated in the upper jiao. The formula is widely used in treating diseases involving the respiratory， dermal， ophthalmologic， otolaryngologic， and nervous systems. The formula is most frequently used for respiratory diseases， with a wide range of symptoms including parotitis/mumps （66 times）， followed by tonsillitis （28 times）. In conclusion， the broadly applied formula has accurate efficacy and great development value.

Sangjuyin， as a pungent and cooling agent with precise therapeutic effect， is a classic pungent formula for cooling relief of the epidermis， which is highly respected by medical practitioners. This formula is from the Wenbing Tiaobian written by WU Jutong in the Qing dynasty， on the basis of which subsequent medical practitioners have made additions and subtractions to apply it. The authors used the bibliometric method to systematically organize the medical books from the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China and modern literature to analyze the composition， concoction， decoction， efficacy， and previous and modern application of Sangjuyin. After examination， the drug base of this formula is basically clear. Armeniacae Semen Amarum is the dried mature seeds of Armeniaca vulgaris， family Rosaceae. Forsythiae Fructus is the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa， family Mulleinaceae. Menthae Haplocalycis Herba is the dried above-ground part of Mentha haplocalyx， family Labiatae. Mori Folium is the dried leaves of Morus alba， family Moraceae. Chrysanthemi Flos is the dried head of Chrysanthemum morifolium， family Asteraceae. Platycodonis Radix is the dried root of Eryngium grandiflorum， family Eryngium. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of the Leguminosae family， and Phragmitis Rhizoma is the fresh or dried rhizome of Phragmites communis of the Gramineae family. It is recommended that the eight drugs be used in raw form as medicine. The dosage and method of decoction were converted into a modern single dosage of 7.46 g Armeniacae Semen Amarum， 5.60 g Forsythiae Fructus， 2.98 g Menthae Haplocalycis Herba， 9.33 g Mori Folium， 3.73 g Chrysanthemi Flos， 7.46 g Platycodonis Radix， 2.98 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and 11.19 g Phragmitis Rhizoma， with 400 mL water added， and the solution was boiled to obtain 200 mL， taken twice a day. Sangjuyin has the efficacy of dispersing wind and clearing heat， promoting lung and relieving cough， and it is used for treating the initial onset of wind-warmth and the evidence of evil spirits in the lungs and collaterals. Modern research has shown that Sangjuyin is often used in the treatment of cough， pneumonia， rhinitis， and other respiratory diseases， and the results of this study provide a reference for the later development of Sangjuyin.

Sinisan is a classical prescription developed and applied by ancient medical experts and it is first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Damage written by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Later physicians have modified this prescription based on this original one. The bibliometrics methods were used to analyze the key information and research trend of Sinisan. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， 69 pieces of effective data were extracted， involving 67 ancient traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） books. The results showed that the name， composition， and decocting methods of Sinisan in later generations were inherited from the original record in the Treatise on Cold Damage. The original plants of medicinal materials used in Sinisan are basically clear. We recommend Bupleuri Radix as the dried root of Bupleurem scorzonerifolium， Paeoniae Radix Alba as the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora， Aurantii Fructus as the dried fruit of Citrus aurantium， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma as the dry root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Raw materials of Bupleuri Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba， Aurantii Fructus stir-fried with bran， and stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma should be used for preparation of Sinisan. According to measurement system in the Han Dynasty， a bag of Sinisan is composed of 1.25 g Bupleuri Radix， 1.25 g Paeoniae Radix Alba， 1.25 g Aurantii Fructus， and 1.25 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The materials should be grounded into coarse powder and taken with a proper amount of rice soup， 3 times a day. Sinisan has the effects of regulating qi movement and harmonizing the liver and spleen. It can be used for treating reversal cold in limbs and cold damage. In modern clinical practice， Sinisan can be used to treat chronic gastritis， irritable bowel syndrome， and dyspepsia. The above research results provide scientific reference for the future research and development of Sinisan.

Houpo Sanwutang， included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions （Second Batch）， was first recorded in the Synopsis of Golden Chamber written by ZHANG Zhongjing from the Eastern Han dynasty and was modified by successive generations of medical experts. A total of 37 pieces of effective data involving 37 ancient Chinese medical books were retrieved from different databases. Through literature mining， statistical analysis， and data processing， combined with modern articles， this study employed bibliometrics to investigate the historical origin， composition， decoction methods， clinical application， and other key information. The results showed that the medicinal origin of Houpo Sanwutang was clearly documented in classic books. Based on the conversion of the measurements from the Han Dynasty， it is recommended that 110.4 g Magnolia Officinalis Cortex， 55.2 g Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， and 72 g Aurantii Fructus Immaturus should be taken. Magnolia Officinalis Cortex and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus should be decocted with 2 400 mL water first， and 1 000 mL should be taken from the decocted liquid. Following this， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma should be added for further decoction， and then 600 mL should be taken from the decocted liquid. A single dose of administration is 200 mL， and the medication can be stopped when patients restore smooth bowel movement. Houpo Sanwutang has the effect of moving Qi， relieving stuffiness and fullness， removing food stagnation， and regulating bowels. It can be used in treating abdominal distending pain， guarding， constipation， and other diseases with the pathogenesis of stagnated heat and stagnated Qi in the stomach. The above results provide reference for the future development and research of Houpo Sanwutang.

Qingfeitang， specialized in resolving phlegm to stop cough and producing fluid to moisten dryness， is a classic prescription inherited and developed by physicians of successive generations and has been included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （First Batch） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） in 2018. Relevant ancient books data and modern literature were collected by bibliometrics to analyze the historic origin， formula composition， herb origin， preparation methods， processing methods， clinical effect， and indications of Qingfeitang. The key information of Qingfeitang was summarized to provide reference for the clinical application of the decoction. In this study， a total of 43 pieces of effective data on relevant ancient literature， including 35 ancient TCM books， were collected based on a systematic collation of relevant historic and modern literature. Results showed that "Qingfeitang" was originated from the "Renshen Qingfeitang" recorded in the Taiping Holy Prescriptions for Universal Relief from the Qing dynasty. The name of "Qinfeitang" was first recorded in the Yeshi Luyanfang written by YE Dalian in the Song dynasty. We suggested the modern dosage and usage of Qingfeitang as follows： "Scutellariae Radix of 5.60 g， Platycodon grandiflora， Poria， Tangerine， Fritillaria， and Cortex Mori of 3.73 g respectively， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Asparagi Radix， Gardeniae Fructus， Armeniacae Semen Amarum， and Ophiopogonis Radix of 2.61 g respectively， Schisandra of 1 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma of 1.12 g， and they were taken 3 times daily. The above formula is recommended to be decocted with 400 mL of water， with 3.37 g ginger and 6 g jujubae fructus， to 320 mL， and taken after a meal， three times per day". Qingfeitang has the effect of resolving phlegm to stop cough and producing fluid to moisten dryness， specialized in treating cough， asthma， rash， and other symptoms in ancient times. Modern applications are mainly focused on the respiratory system， used for treating diseases such as bronchopneumonia and cough. The above research results provide a reference basis for the later development and research of Qingfeitang.

Shengjiangsan is a classic formula for treating warm diseases with wide clinical application and accurate efficacy. There are different opinions on the origin of this formula and lacks key information research on this formula. Therefore， in this study， we conducted systematic research into the historic origin， composition， and other key information of this Shengjiangsan. Results showed that Shengjiangsan has different versions， with "Neixian Fufang"， "Jiawei Jianghuangwan"， "Peizhensan"， and "Taijiwan" being the same formula with different names. Shengjiangsan was first recorded as "Neixian Fufang" in Wanbing Huichun written by GONG Tingxian from the Ming dynasty， inherited and developed by YANG Lishan from Qing dynasty， and has been passed down to modern times. Pills and powder are two main forms of Shengjiangsan， and powder has become more popular nowadays. According to the measurement system of Ming and Qing dynasties， the recommended dosage and usage of Shengjiangsan are as follows. For the pill version of Shengjiangsan， Bombyx Batryticatus of 74.6 g， Curcumae Longae Rhizoma of 9.325 g， Cicadae Periostracum of 9.325 g， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma of 149.2 g were processed into pills for preparation. Single dosage is Bombyx Batryticatus of 1.15 g， Curcumae Longae Rhizoma of 0.14 g， Cicadae Periostracum of 0.14 g， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma of 2.3 g， with halved dosage applied for children. For the powder version of Shengjiangsan， the dosage varied in accordance with the severity of the disease. Bombyx Batryticatus of 1.84 g， Curcumae Longae Rhizoma of 0.28 g， Cicadae Periostracum of 0.92 g， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma of 3.68 g were processed into powder for patients with mild symptoms. Bombyx Batryticatus of 2.48 g， Curcumae Longae Rhizoma of 0.37 g， Cicadae Periostracum of 1.23 g， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma of 4.91 g were processed into powder for patients with severe symptoms. Bombyx Batryticatus of 3.68 g， Curcumae Longae Rhizoma of 1.84 g， Cicadae Periostracum of 0.55 g， and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma of 7.36 g were processed into powder for patients with critical conditions. In this formula， four herbs were ground to fine powder. For patients with mild symptoms， the whole formula was divided into four dosages， and each dosage weighed 6.71 g. The 200 mL yellow rice wine and 18.65 g honey were added， and the solution was stirred and taken cold till full recovery. For patients with severe symptoms， the whole formula was divided into three dosages， and each weighed 8.95 g. 300 mL yellow rice wine and 27.98 g honey were added， and the solution was stirred and taken cold. For patients with critical conditions， the whole formula was divided into two dosages， and each weighed 13.43 g. 400 mL yellow rice wine and 37.3 g honey were added， and the solution was stirred and taken cold. Shengjiangsan has the effect of ascending lucidity and descending turbidity， dissipating wind， and clearing heat. It is specialized in treating severe heat in exterior， interior， and triple energizers in warm diseases and has a wide modern clinical application. In this study， the historic evolution and key information of Shengjiangsan were reviewed and analyzed， and the key information table of Shengjiangsan was attached， serving as a reference for scholars' research and a theoretical basis for its market transformation.

The classic formula Fangji Fulingtang is from ZHANG Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Eastern Han dynasty. It is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with the effects of reinforcing Qi and invigorating spleen， warming Yang and promoting urination. By a review of ancient medical books， this paper summarizes the composition， original plants， processing， dosage， decocting methods， indications and other key information of Fangji Fulingtang， aiming to provide a literature basis for the research， development， and clinical application of preparations based on this formula. Synonyms of Fangji Fulingtang exist in ancient medical books， while the formula composition in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is more widespread and far-reaching. In this formula， Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried root of Stephania tetrandra， the dried root of Astragalus embranaceus var. mongholicus， the dried shoot of Cinnamomum cassia， the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos， and the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， respectively. Fangji Fulingtang is mainly produced into powder， with the dosage and decocting method used in the past dynasties basically following the original formula. Each bag is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix 13.80 g， Astragali Radix 13.80 g， Cinnamomi Ramulus 13.80 g， Poria 27.60 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9.20 g. The raw materials are purified， decocted in water from 1 200 mL to 400 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm， 3 times a day. Fangji Fulingtang was originally designed for treating skin edema， and then it was used to treat impediment in the Qing dynasty. In modern times， it is mostly used to treat musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases and circulatory system diseases， demonstrating definite effects on various types of edema and heart failure. This paper clarifies the inheritance of Fangji Fulingtang and reveals its key information （attached to the end of this paper）， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of preparations based on this formula.

The classic formula Fangji Fulingtang is from ZHANG Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Eastern Han dynasty. It is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with the effects of reinforcing Qi and invigorating spleen， warming Yang and promoting urination. By a review of ancient medical books， this paper summarizes the composition， original plants， processing， dosage， decocting methods， indications and other key information of Fangji Fulingtang， aiming to provide a literature basis for the research， development， and clinical application of preparations based on this formula. Synonyms of Fangji Fulingtang exist in ancient medical books， while the formula composition in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is more widespread and far-reaching. In this formula， Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried root of Stephania tetrandra， the dried root of Astragalus embranaceus var. mongholicus， the dried shoot of Cinnamomum cassia， the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos， and the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， respectively. Fangji Fulingtang is mainly produced into powder， with the dosage and decocting method used in the past dynasties basically following the original formula. Each bag is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix 13.80 g， Astragali Radix 13.80 g， Cinnamomi Ramulus 13.80 g， Poria 27.60 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9.20 g. The raw materials are purified， decocted in water from 1 200 mL to 400 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm， 3 times a day. Fangji Fulingtang was originally designed for treating skin edema， and then it was used to treat impediment in the Qing dynasty. In modern times， it is mostly used to treat musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases and circulatory system diseases， demonstrating definite effects on various types of edema and heart failure. This paper clarifies the inheritance of Fangji Fulingtang and reveals its key information （attached to the end of this paper）， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of preparations based on this formula.