ObjectiveTo study echovirus 11 ( ECHO11 ) sequences genetic variability of the VP1 gene of 82 isolates from 15 countries and 2 provinces in China.MethodsThe VP1 sequences of 82 strains of echovirus 11 were downloaded from the GenBank,and their nucleotide and amino acid diversity were calculated and phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega software.Results82 echovirus 11 strains were divided into 4 genotypes( A-D),Genotype A is further divided into 7 subgenotyps and genotype D into 7 subgenotyps.The prototype strain Gregory is the sole member of genotype B.Genotype C is divided into 3 genotypes.The sequence diversity between echovirus 11 strains is 21.7%-24.1% (AA diversity:6.0%-12.1% ).ConclusionOur results show that most genotypes contain isolates that have circulated over a wide geographical(several countries from different continents) and temporal range.Several genotypes were also shown to co-circulate in a region during the same period of time,showing that the epidemic of echovirus 11 has typical time and geographical characters.

Objective To investigate the enterovirus ( EV)-carrying status and the circulating se-rotypes in healthy children from inner and border areas of Yunnan Province in 2014 and 2015 and to analyze the genetic characteristics of echovirus 6 (ECHO6), ECHO25 and ECHO11 strains. Methods Stool sam-ples were collected from children less than 15 years old living in 6 to 7 counties of 3 inner prefectures/cities and 8 to 9 counties of border prefectures/cities. Altogether 921 samples were collected including 453 sam-ples in 2014 (213 samples in inner counties and 240 samples in border counties) and 468 samples in 2015 (195 samples in inner counties and 273 samples in border counties). Viruses were isolated from the stool samples and their serotypes were identified by gene sequencing. Results The numbers of EV strains isola-ted from the samples collected in inner counties and border counties in 2014 were 20 ( isolating rate:9.39%, 20/213) and 16 (isolating rate: 6. 67%, 16/240), respectively. The overall isolating rate for 2014 was 7. 95% (36/453). The predominant species was enterovirus B, accounting for 88. 89% of all iso-lated strains (32/36), followed by enterovirus A species (11. 11%, 4/36). No strains of enterovirus spe-cies C (including poliovirus) and D was detected in 2014. In total, 46 EV strains were isolated in 2015 with an overall isolating rate of 9. 83% (46/468), including 13 strains in inner counties (isolating rate:6. 67%, 13/195) and 33 strains in border counties (isolating rate:12. 09%, 33/273). Most of the strains were enterovirus B species, accounting for 78. 26% (36/46), followed by enterovirus C species (19. 57%, 9/46) and enterovirus A species (2. 17%, 1/46). Altogether 82 EV strains were isolated in 2014 and 2015 with an isolating rate of 8. 90% (82/921), of which 33 strains were isolated in inner counties (8. 09%, 33/408) and 49 strains were isolated in border counties (9. 55%, 49/513). Among the 82 EV strains, 9 strains were polioviruses (0. 98%, 9/921) and all of them were Sabin-like polioviruses. The rest of the strains were non-polio enterovirus (7. 93%, 73/921). Conclusion In 2014, the EV isolating rate in inner counties (9. 39%) was higher than that in border counties (6. 67%). However, the EV isolating rate in border counties (12. 09%) was higher than that in inner counties (6. 67%) in 2015. Enterovirus B was the predominant species in both 2014 and 2015. No wild type polioviruses and enterovirus D species were detec-ted. Polio-free status was maintained well in Yunnan Province.

Objective To investigate the virus-carrying rate of non-polio enteroviruses ( NPEV) in patients with acute flaccid paralysis ( AFP) in Yunnan province of China in 2015 and to analyze the genetic characteristics of enterovirus 71 (EV71) strains. Methods A total of 213 cases under 15 years old with AFP were reported by Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) of Yunnan Province of China. Virus isolation was conducted for all samples and the serotypes of isolated NPEV strains were identified by VP1 se-quencing. The isolation rates of NPEV in the past consecutive 5 years were analyzed by SPSS22. 0 software. Phylogenetic trees of NPEV and EV71 strains were constructed by MEGA6. 06 software based on neighbor-joining algorithm and Kimura 2-parameter substitution model and the reliability of the phylogenetic trees was determined by bootstrap analysis with 100 pseudo replicate datasets. Results Altogether, 23 NPEV strains were isolated from 213 AFP cases. Among the 23 strains, 7 strains belonged to EV-A group (2 serotypes, 6 strains of which were EV71 ) , 14 strains belonged to EV-B group ( 8 serotypes ) and the other 2 strains belonged to EV-C group. No NPEV strains of EV-D group were identified. Statistical analysis showed that no significant differences in the isolation rates were observed in the past 5 years ( P=0. 101 ) . Conclusion The isolation rate of NPEV in patients with AFP in Yunnan province in 2015 was similar to that of the previ-ous years. The EV71 strains of C4 subgenotype were the predominant strains circulating in Yunnan province.

Gene therapy is a fast developing therapeutics in recent years. Now, the point at issue that restricts the development of gene therapy is the safety and effectivity of gene expression in space, time series and location. Tissular or cellular specific transcriptional regulatory element can make precise and effective expression of exogenous gene in specified tissue and cell, thus increasing the safety and effectivity of gene expression. This has been a hot spot in gene therapy. Now, researches indicate that hepatic tissue has liver-specific transcriptional regulatory sequence. The regulatory sequences can promote gene expression only in hepatic tissue; they are widely used in transgenic animal and gene therapy. They can serve as a basis for the researches in the pathogenic mechanism and gene therapy of liver-related diseases. New achievements in the studies on liver-specific transcriptional regulatory sequence are reviewed in this article.
Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic

Objective:To explore the impact of home enteral nutrition (HEN) on the treatment strategy of patients with high position intestinal fistula.Methods:The clinical and follow-up data of 36 patients with high position intestinal fistula requiring HEN treated in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from Jan 2021 to Sep 2023 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 36 cases, 2 had indwelling nasogastric tubes, 12 had indwelling nasojejunal nutritional tubes, and 22 had percutaneous jejunostomy. The incidence of HEN-related complications in patients was 13.9%, and there were no serious catheter complications.During HEN, high position intestinal fistula healed in 19 cases (52.8%), returned to the hospital for the next stage of intestinal fistula treatment in 11 cases (30.6%), needed to return to the hospital for nutritional support in 1 case (2.8%), and intestinal fistula aggravated to terminate HEN in 2 cases (5.6%).Conclusion:Under the management of professional team, HEN via nasogastric/jejunal nutritional tube or percutaneous jejunostomy is safe and feasible in patients with high intestinal fistula.