Objective:To explore the impact of home enteral nutrition (HEN) on the treatment strategy of patients with high position intestinal fistula.Methods:The clinical and follow-up data of 36 patients with high position intestinal fistula requiring HEN treated in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from Jan 2021 to Sep 2023 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 36 cases, 2 had indwelling nasogastric tubes, 12 had indwelling nasojejunal nutritional tubes, and 22 had percutaneous jejunostomy. The incidence of HEN-related complications in patients was 13.9%, and there were no serious catheter complications.During HEN, high position intestinal fistula healed in 19 cases (52.8%), returned to the hospital for the next stage of intestinal fistula treatment in 11 cases (30.6%), needed to return to the hospital for nutritional support in 1 case (2.8%), and intestinal fistula aggravated to terminate HEN in 2 cases (5.6%).Conclusion:Under the management of professional team, HEN via nasogastric/jejunal nutritional tube or percutaneous jejunostomy is safe and feasible in patients with high intestinal fistula.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of echocardiography-guided closed-chest repeated intraventricular blood sampling in mice, and to clarify the maximum blood volume that can be collected by this method, and whether the method can be used for long-term repeated blood collection in mice. Methods: Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice (10-14 weeks old) were divided into the terminal experiment group (n=4, for investigating the maximum blood amount that could be sampled at one time), the repeated 0.5 ml blood collection group (n=10, sampling 0.5 ml whole blood each time, once every two days for consecutive 4 weeks), and the repeated 0.75 ml blood collection group (n=10, sampling 0.75 ml whole blood each time, once every two days for consecutive 4 weeks). High-frequency echocardiography was used to display the largest section of the left ventricle, guiding the insulin syringe needle through the thorax into the left ventricle for blood collection. In the repeated 0.5 ml blood collection group, echocardiography was used to detect the cardiac structure and function before blood collection, three minutes after blood collection, and one week after the last (the 14th) blood collection. Results: We successfully performed echocardiography-guided closed-chest intraventricular blood sampling, with an average operating time (88±19)s per mouse, and a maximum blood volume (1.43±0.11)ml per mouse. In the repeated 0.5 ml blood collection group, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular fractional shortening, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic thickness remained uncganged before the first blood collection and after 4 weeks of repeated blood collection (all P>0.05). No death in the repeated 0.5 ml blood collection group. However, in the 0.75 ml blood collection group, two mice died before the end point. Conclusions The echocardiography-guided closed-chest intraventricular blood sampling is a safe, minimally invasive, convenient and efficient method, and can be used repeatedly for long-term blood collection in mice.