Objective To compare the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and compound norethisterone enanthate (CNE) on the susceptibility of BABL/c mice to lower reproductive tract infection with chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). Methods A total of 60 BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups:MPA-pretreated control group and CNE-pretreated control group inoculated with MyCoy cell suspensions in the vagina on the 5th day after single treatment with MPA and CNE respectively, blank control group receiving no treatment, MPA-pretreated infected group and CNE-pretreated infected group inoculated with 1 × 107 inclusion-forming units(IFU)of Ct serovar E in the vagina on the 5th day after single treatment with MPA and CNE respectively, control infected group inoculated with the same quantity of IFU of Ct serovar E in the vagina but receiving no pretreatment. On day 4, 7 and 14 after inoculation, vaginal irrigation fluid was obtained from all the mice for cell culture of Ct. Three mice were randomly selected from each of these groups at the above three time points and sacrificed, and vaginal and uterine tissue specimens were obtained for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and microscopic examination. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were conducted to compare infection rate among different groups. Results No growth of Ct was observed in the three control groups at the above time points. The culture-positive rate of Ct was 1/10 on day 4 but 0 on day 7 and 14 in both the CNE-pretreated infected group and control infected group, 7/10 on day 4, 2/7 on day 7 but 0 on day 14 in the MPA-pretreated infected group. Fisher's exact test revealed that the culture-positive rate of Ct was significantly higher in the MPA-pretreated infected group than in the control infected group and CNE-pretreated infected group on day 4 (both P =0.03), but similar among the three infected groups on day 7 (P = 0.23). Both the MPA-pretreated control group and infected group showed an increase in endovaginal mucus, thinning of vaginal stratified squamous epithelium, mucification of vaginal epithelium, presence of secretions in vaginal lumen and submucosal infiltration of a few inflammatory cells on day 4, 7 and 14, as well as appearance of pathological changes (including the presence of large quantities of purulent secretions in lumen, mild tissue edema and submucosal infiltration of a few inflammatory cells) in the vagina on day 4. Vaginal tissues were normal in both the CNE-pretreated infected group and control group at the above three time points, but mild tissue edema, lumen expansion, secretion retention and infiltration of scattered inflammatory cells were observed in the uterus on day 4 after inoculation. Conclusions MPA can arrest the estrous cycle of mice at diestrus with the mucification of vaginal epithelium, which may increase the susceptibility to Ct vaginal infection in mice. In contrast, CNE has no obvious effect on the estrous cycle and susceptibility to Ct vaginal infection despite of the appearance of pathological changes in the uterus.

OBJECTIVE:To observe effects and safety of Kangfuxin solution combined with intense pulsed light in the treat-ment of rosacea. METHODS:A total of 50 rosacea patients in our hospital during May 2014-Jun. 2016 were divided into control group(25 cases)and observation group(25 cases)according to random number table. Based on oral administration of Metronida-zole tablets,control group received intense pulsed light. Observation group was additionally given Kangfuxin solution for local wet compress after 4 to 6 layers of gauze saturated with liquid,5-10 min,qn. Both groups received treatment for 4 weeks. Clinical effi-cacies,as well as symptom score and DLQI score were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment,and the occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:The response rate of observation group was 92.0%,which was significantly higher than 64.0%of control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in erythema,pap-ules,pustules,itching,telangiectasia score and total score,DLQI score with before treatment(P>0.05). After treatment,erythe-ma,papules,pustules,itching,telangiectasia score and total score,DLQI score of 2 groups were decreased significantly,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The incidence of ADR in observation group was 16.0%,which was significantly lower than 40.0% in control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Kangfuxin solution combined with intense pulsed light show significant efficacy for rosacea,and can effectively improve erythema,papules,pustules,itching and telangiectasia,and improve the quality of life with good safety.

Objective To compare the pathogenicity between Ureaplasma urealyticum serotype 1 (Up1)and 8 (Uu8) in the genital tract of BALB/c mice.Methods A total of 48 BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into four groups:blank control group receiving no treatment,estradiol group pretreated with intramuscular injection of estradiol followed by intravaginal inoculation with sterial liquid culture media,Up1 and Uu8 groups pretreated with intramuscular injection of estradiol followed by intravaginal inoculation with suspensions of Up1 and Uu8 respectively.Three mice were randomly selected from each group to be sacrificed after the collection of vaginal lavage fluid on day 3,7,14 and 21 after the inoculation.Vaginal and uterine tissue specimens were obtained from these sacrificed mice and underwent hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.Vaginal lavage fluid samples were subjected to culture of Uu and measurement of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).Results No evidences were observed for Uu growth in either the blank control group or estradiol group at any of the time points after the inoculation,with the average level of TNF-α in vaginal lavage fluid being (4.17 ± 0.85) pg/ml at these time points in both groups.Uu grew in all the vaginal lavage fluid samples from the Up1 and Uu8 groups at the four time points,with the color change unit (CCU) value decreasing with time.The level of TNF-α in vaginal lavage fluid peaked on day 14 after the inoculation in the Up 1 ((14.93 ± 1.11) pg/ml) and Uu8 ((27.04 ± 24.26) pg/ml) groups.Both Up1 and Uu8 infection caused acute and chronic inflammatory responses in the mice,which were mainly located in the uterus,and Up1 might cause intrauterine adhesion.Conclusions At the same inoculation concentration,no significant difference is found in the pathogenicity between Up1 and Uu8,both of which appear to mainly cause cervicitis.Upl might be partially responsible for intrauterine adhesion in mice.

A 26?year?old male patient presented with facial depigmented patches for 10 years, some of which turned to blue?grey 7 years prior to the presentation. Before the white patches turned blue?gray, the patient developed contact dermatitis due to topical application of self?made drugs. Skin examination showed blue?gray hyperpigmentation on the left upper lip and in the temporal region, with white hairs in the hyperpigmented lesions on the left upper lip. Dermoscopy revealed irregularly shaped, light to dark blue?gray patches on the left upper lip, which were intermingled with white patches in some regions, and white hair stubs were observed in the white patches. Histopathological examination of temporal lesions showed decreased melanocytes in some regions in the epidermis, pigmentation in both basal and suprabasal layers, perivascular infiltration of a small number of chronic inflammatory cells and melanophages in the superficial dermis, and melanophage infiltration around sweat ducts. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with blue vitiligo. He refused to receive any treatments, and follow?up was under way.

Autophagy is a conserved pathway for the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic components in all eukaryotes. This process plays a critical role in the adaptation of plants to drastic changing environmental stresses such as starvation, oxidative stress, drought, salt, and pathogen invasion. This paper summarizes the current knowledge about the mechanism and roles of plant autophagy in various plant stress responses.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Arabidopsis ; genetics ; physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Autophagy ; genetics ; Disease Resistance ; Plant Diseases ; immunology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; Sequence Homology ; Stress, Physiological

Objective To explore the prognostic factors of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) and the effects of chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone on patients' prognosis before and after rituximab era. Methods We extracted the data of PMBCL patients diagnosed from 2001 to 2015 from SEER database. SEER Stat software was used to calculate the incidence rate. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used to analyze the impact of various clinical variables on prognosis. Results We included 635 patients with PMBCL. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, stage and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that OS of the patients receiving chemotherapy only in 2006-2015 was significantly better than that in 2001-2005 (χ²=10.002, P=0.002). The patients who received chemoradiotherapy had better OS than those who received chemotherapy alone from 2001 to 2005. The OS and DSS of patients receiving chemoradiotherapy were not significantly different from those of chemotherapy alone from 2006 to 2015. Conclusion The application of rituximab improves the long-term survival of PMBCL patients. The prognosis of patients who received chemoradiotherapy is comparable to that of chemotherapy alone from 2006 to 2015.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of qualitative and quantitative fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) in identifying colorectal cancer, so as to provide insights into perfecting screening strategies for colorectal cancer. Methods: Participants in the Colorectal Cancer Screening Program for Key Populations in Zhejiang Province from May 2020 to December 2021 were recruited, and their demographic information, lifestyle and disease history were collected through a questionnaire survey. Qualitative or quantitative FIT along with a questionnaire-based risk assessment were employed as the initial screening tests. Individuals who were positive in any FIT or had high-risk assessment results were required to attend a subsequent colonoscopy examination. The positive rate, detection rate of colorectal cancer, positive predictive value and number of colonoscopies required were compared between qualitative and quantitative FITs, and stratified analyses by gender and age were conducted. Results: Totally 4 099 769 participants were included. The qualitative FIT group included 3 574 917 individuals, yielding a positive rate of 11.35%, a detection rate of 1.19%, a positive predictive value of 0.48% and 83.84 colonoscopies required to detect one cancer case. The quantitative FIT group involved 524 852 individuals, yielding a positive rate of 6.70%, a detection rate of 2.31%, a positive predictive value of 1.01% and 43.23 colonoscopies required to detect one cancer case. The quantitative FIT group showed significantly higher detection rate of colorectal cancer, higher positive predictive value and less number of colonoscopies required compared to the qualitative FIT group (all P<0.05). The same results were obtained after stratification by gender and age. Conclusion Compared to qualitative FIT, quantitative FIT improves the detection of colorectal cancer and reduces the workload of colonoscopy examinations, making it more suitable for colorectal cancer screening in large-scale populations.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of cognitive function in patients with early onset and adult onset schizophrenia.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 546 patients with schizophrenia who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) were selected.Among them, 62 cases were defined as early onset schizophrenia (EOS, age of onset＜18 years) and 175 patients were defined as adult onset schizophrenia (AOS, age of onset≥25 years).Patients underwent clinical assessments with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments.Results:The EOS patients got lower scores in motor function-PEGDOM T score [ (26±12) vs. (30±11), P＜0.01], working memory-average T score of PASAT and WMSSP[ (34±12) vs. (38±10), P＜0.05]and executive function (inhibition) -Stroop T score [ (35±12) vs. (39±10), P＜0.05]than AOS patients.No differences were fund in processing speed, verbal memory and learning, visual memory and learning (Ps＞0.05) between the two groups.Conclusion:It suggests that the EOS patients have worse motor function, working memory and inhibition.

Objective To explore the postoperative psychological status of donors during pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) to elucidate the correlation between resilience,anxiety and depression.Methods Random sampling was employed for selecting 60 pediatric LDLT donors undergoing LDLT from September 2014 to February 2019.They were requested to answer a questionnaire.The questionnaire concluded general information,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),selfrating depression scale (SDS) and Chinese version of Resilience Scale.Results The score of anxiety was (46.06 ± 10.06) and depression was (50.32 ± 11.49).Both values were higher than those of Chinese norm.The score of resilience was (59.55 ± 14.62).And the total score of resilience and the score of each dimension were negatively correlated with anxiety and depression (P＜0.01).Conclusions The postoperative anxiety and depression level of donors during LDLT are higher than the ordinary.Resilience is negatively correlated with the level of anxiety and depression.The lower level of resilience,the higher anxiety and depression of donors during LDLT.For clinicians,appropriate intervention measures should be taken for improving the resilience,reducing negative emotions and boosting the quality-of-life of donors during LDLT.

Objective:To investigate the expression of nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in various tumor tissues and its prognostic value in papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods:The paraffin samples of surgically resected tissues from 168 cases of colorectal cancer, 75 cases of gastric cancer, 178 cases of lung cancer, 15 cases of liver cancer, 60 cases of thyroid cancer, 7 cases of prostate cancer, 74 cases of breast cancer, and 14 cases of renal cancer were collected from Sir Run Run Show Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2016 and December 2021; tissue samples of 58 cases of papillary thyroid cancer and another 19 cases of thyroiditis were collected between January 2016 and December 2016. Immunohistochemistry kits were prepared and performance tests were performed. Normal specimens (>5 cm from the margin of paracancerous tissues) and the samples of gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and kidney cancer tissues as well as their paracancerous tissues (3 cm from the tumor edge) were selected. Immunohistochemistry kits were used to detect the expression of NNMT protein in normal tissue samples, different tumor tissues and their paracancerous tissues. X-tile software combined with the receiver operating characteristics curve of NNMT in the diagnosis of tumor tissues and paracancerous tissues in papillary throid carcinoma were used to determine the optimal cut-off value (41.5); < 41.5 was treated as the NNMT protein low expression group and ≥ 41.5 was treated as the NNMT protein high expression group. The expression of NNMT protein in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma with different clinicopathological characteristics was compared; Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival of the patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma; Cox proportional risk model was used to conduct multivariate analysis on the influencing factors of overall survival.Results:The prepared immunohistochemistry kits were valid for at least 12 months, with good intra-batch and batch-to-batch repeatability, good stability and specificity. NNMT protein was not or occasionally lowly expressed in colorectal, lung, thyroid, prostate, breast, kidney, and gastric tissues. NNMT protein was highly expressed in colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer tissues, while lowly expressed in colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer adjacent tissues. The high expression rates of NNMT protein in thyroiditis tissue, papillary thyroid cancer tumor tissue and paracancerous tissues were 15.79% (3/19), 68.97% (40/58) and 31.03% (18/58), respectively, and the high expression rate of NNMT protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue was higher than that in thyroiditis tissue and paracancerous tissue. All patients with papillary thyroid cancer were divided into the NNMT protein high expression group (40 cases) and the low expression group (18 cases). There were no statistically significant differences in NNMT protein expression among patients with different age, gender, degree of differentiation, lump diameter, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) level (all P > 0.05). The median overall survival time of 58 patients was 18.5 months, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 90.0%. The overall survival of patients with a lump diameter of ≥2 cm was worse than that of those with a lump diameter of < 2 cm ( P < 0.001), and the overall survival of patients with lymph node metastasis was worse than that of those without lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.041). The overall survival of patients in the NNMT protein high expression group was worse than that of those in the NNMT protein low expression group, and the overall survival of patients with high serum TgAb level was worse than that of those with low serum TgAb level, while the differences were not statistically significant (all P >0.05). Lump diameter ( HR = 35.56, 95% CI 2.64-478.25, P = 0.007), NNMT protein expression ( HR = 308.12, 95% CI 2.21-42 958.20, P = 0.023), serum TgAb level ( HR = 142.85, 95% CI 1.88-10 854.25, P = 0.025) were independent influencing factors for the OS of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Conclusions:NNMT is highly expressed in various tumor tissues. NNMT expression is related to the prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma;the patients with high expression of NNMT have worse prognosis compared with those with low expression of NNMT.