Objective To establish an LC-MS method for identification of testosterone and methyltestosterone in cosmetic.Methods Testosterone and methyltestosterone in cosmetic were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry system which can incorporate electrospray ionization interface,post-column addition agent of formic acid.Results The condition of determination was investigated and optimized.The structure of testosterone and methyltestosterone were identified by direct comparison of the observed mass spectra or by the characteristic ions in the selected-ion monitoring as well as MS2 mode.A doubtful testosterone positive cosmetic was identified by this method,it was negative.Conclusion This method has a high sensitivity and a good reproducibility.It is proved that the method is especially suitable for detection of testosterone and methyltestosterone in cosmetics.

A novel method for simultaneous determination of 3 rat poisons ( tetramine, bromadiolone, brodifacoum) and 5 toxic alkaloids ( hyoscyamine, scopolamine, gelsemine, strychnine, brucine ) in toxic samples by dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction ( DLLME ) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was established. A mixture extractant containing 100 μL trichloromethane and 600 μL methanol was injected into the prepared sample to form an emulsion and the extraction process was accomplished. After centrifuged at 8000 r/min for 5 min, the settled drop of trichloromethane solvent was transferred to a conical insert within a GC autosampler vessel, and analyzed by GC-MS. Factors affecting extraction efficiency such as the type and volume of extractant, dispersive agent, extraction time, pH value and salt concentration of extraction system were studied. The limits of detection(LODs) were from 0. 003 to 1 μg/L in water sample, urine sample and rice wine sample. LODs were from 0. 002 to 0. 2 μg/kg in rice sample. The recoveries of toxic samples were in the range of 81. 0%-110%. The relative standard deviations( RSDs) were lower than 7%. The proposed method was sensitive, effective, and suitable for the simultaneous determination of toxic alkaloids and rat poisons in food poisoning sample.

Objective To determine the significance of the quantitative parameters obtained from intravoxel incoherent motion ( IVIM) diffusion weighted imaging ( DWI) in differentiating renal tumors from normal renal tissues.Methods Twenty-four patients with surgical pathology-proven renal tumors and 13 volunteers with healthy kidneys were included.DWI was performed with 9 b-values (0, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1 000 s/mm2).The slow component of diffusion (Dslow), fast component of diffusion ( Dfast ) and fraction of fast ADC ( f) of the biexponential DWI were calculated for the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), the normal renal parenchyma and the non CCRCC ( NCCRCC) .The ADC was calculated for all b-values using linear regression yielding standard ADC ( ADCtot ) .The parameters were compared among the groups, and the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) analysis was performed. Results CCRCC showed higher ADCtot (1.73 ±0.43) ×10 -3 mm2/s, Dfast (14.75 ±14.73) ×10 -3 mm2/s, Dslow(1.34 ±0.38) ×10 -3 mm2/s than NCCRCC (ADCtot(1.23 ±0.26) ×10 -3 mm2/s, Dfast(9.47 ± 5.27) ×10 -3 mm2/s, Dslow(0.58 ±0.15) ×10 -3 mm2/s), and the differences of ADCtot(P=0.037) and Dslow(P=0.001) were significant.The normal renal parenchyma showed higher ADCtot (2.25 ±0.11) × 10 -3 mm2/s, Dslow ( 1.74 ±0.17 ) ×10 -3 mm2/s, f ( 35.00% ±9.37%) than CCRCC ( f, 31.13% ± 10.75%) and NCCRCC(f, 33.76%±24.02%), and the differences between the normal renal parenchyma and CCRCC of ADCtot ( P =0.000 ) and Dslow ( P =0.001 ) were significant.There were no differences between the normal renal parenchyma and the tumor ipsilateral renal parenchyma of all parameters.Dslow had higher accuracy ( sensitivity 95%, specificity 100%) in distinguishing CCRCC and NCCRCC, with area under the curve of 0.988.Conclusions Multi-b-value DWI derived quantitative parameters including ADCtot and Dslow may differ significantly between the renal tumor and normal renal parenchyma.Dslow is the best parameter in distinguishing CCRCC and NCCRCC.

Objective:To analyze the superficial retinal blood flow around the optic disc of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) patients with affected eyes and contralateral healthy eyes, compared with healthy people.Methods:From May 2018 to may 2019, 30 patients with NA-AION in Xi′an No. 1 Hospital were selected. The changes of superficial retinal blood flow density and perfusion around the optic disc on OCTA of 30 patients with NA-AION, whose contralateral healthy eyes were compared. The pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) of both eyes was also compared. 30 healthy people with no history of eye disease and history of eye surgery were selected as healthy control group, and differences between healthy control group and contralateral healthy eye group in NA-AION patients of the superficial retinal blood flow density and perfusion around the optic disc were compared.Results:The average values of serum homocysteine, apolipoprotein E and low density lipoprotein in 30 patients with NA-AION were higher than the normal reference range. Compared with the contralateral healthy eyes, the effected eyes of NA-AION patients had lower retinal blood flow density and perfusion in the center, inner layer and complete area of the optic disc, with significantly difference ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the latency and amplitude of PVEP-P100 between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the density and perfusion of superficial retinal blood flow in the center, inner layer and complete area of the optic disc between the contralateral healthy eyes of NA-AION patients and healthy control ( P>0.05). Conclusions:OCTA is a safe, rapid and non-invasive test, and it can detect blood perfusion defects promptly, which can be used as the most commonly test method for patients with NA-AION in order to make auxiliary diagnosis and gain time for clinical treatment.

Objective:To observe the changes of macular microvascular structure and macular pigment density (MPOD) in eyes with macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and preliminarily analyze their correlation.Methods:A prospective clinical study. A total of 62 eyes of 62 patients with monocular RVO secondary ME (RVO-ME) diagnosed in the Ophthalmology Hospital of Xi'an No.1 Hospital from July 2020 to May 2021 were included in this study. There were 33 males with 33 eyes, 29 females with 29 eyes. The age was 58.30±12.15 years. The course of disease from the onset of symptoms to medical treatment was 12.29±7.65 days. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and MPOD test. BCVA examination was performed using a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which was converted to logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). The vascular density (VD), vascular skeletal density (SD), foveal avascular area (FAZ) and central macular thickness (CMT) of the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP) in the range of 3 mm×3 mm in the macular area of bilateral eyes were measured by OCTA. MPOD was measured by heterochromatic scintillation photometry. Bilateral eyes passed examination in 37 cases. The eyes of 25 patients failed to pass the test. The changes of macular VD, SD, FAZ area, CMT and MPOD between the affected eyes and the contralateral eyes were compared. The MPOD of the affected eye and the contralateral eye was compared by paired t test. FAZ area, CMT, VD, SD, and logMAR BCVA were tested by paired Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between macular blood flow density (VD, SD) and foveal morphology (FAZ area, CMT) with logMAR BCVA and MPOD. Results:Compared with contralateral eyes, VD ( Z=-5.981) and SD ( Z=-6.021) were decreased, FAZ area ( Z=-2.598) and CMT ( Z=-6.206) were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In 37 patients who passed MPOD test in bilateral eyes, the MPOD value of the affected eye was lower than that of the contralateral eye, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.930, P<0.05). Compared with the affected eye which failed to pass the MPOD detection, macular VD ( Z=-2.807) and SD ( Z=-2.460) were increased, FAZ area ( Z=-4.297) and CMT ( Z=-3.796) were decreased in the affected eye which passed the MPOD test, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that logMAR BCVA in the affected eye was negatively correlated with macular VD and SD ( r=-0.298, -0.461; P<0.05), which was positively correlated with FAZ area and CMT ( r=0.487, 0.789; P<0.05). MPOD in the affected eye was negatively correlated with logMAR BCVA ( r=-0.344, P<0.05). MPOD in the contralateral eye was positively correlated with CMT ( r=0.358, P<0.05). Conclusions:The VD and SD of macular SCP are decreased, FAZ area is enlarged, CMT is thickened, and MPOD is decreased in RVO-ME eyes. MPOD is negatively correlated with logMAR BCVA.

Objective To observe the adverse reaction, tumor response and short term outcomes of percutaneous cryoablation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer, and investigate its feasibility. Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients with locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer underwent percutaneous cryoablation at our hospital from Sept. 2008 to Sept. 2009, were prospectively studied. Percutaneous cryoablation was performed with an argon/helium-based cryosurgical system under the guidance of ultrasound.Freezing probe was inserted into the center of pancreatic mass and two cycles of freezing were performed with each cycle for 5 min and temperature at-160℃, then the temperature was returned to normal for 10 min.Serum amylase was detected before operation and 1 to 7 days postoperatively. CT or PET-CT scanning was performed for evaluation of tumor response every 4 to 6 weeks after cryoablation. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results 59 patients had a total of 76 biopsy-proven tumors, which were located at the pancreas head (n = 56), body (n = 7), and tail (n = 13). The median size of tumor was 4.5 cm (range 3 ～6 cm). Nineteen patients had liver metastases. Postoperative abdominal pain occurred in 45 cases (76.3%),fever occurred in 29 cases (49.2%) and elevation of serum amylase occurred in 34 cases (57.6%). Severe complications including intra-abdominal bleeding, pancreatic leaks, ileus, and metastasis by probe tract occurred in 5 cases (8.5%). There was no death associated with cryoablation. The median hospital stay was 21 days. 2 patients (3.4%) achieved complete response, 23 patients (39.0%) achieved partial response,30patients (50.8%) had stable disease, 4 patients(6.8%) had progressive disease. The median survival was 8.4 months. The overall survival at 3, 6 and 12 months was 89.7%, 61.1% and 34.5%, respectively.Conclusions Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoablation appears to be a safe and feasible, minimally invasive technique for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Objective This study compares a dual-freeze protocol with a triple freeze protocol for hepatic cryoablation in the Tibetan pig model.Method Cryoablation with a dual-(10-5-10-5 min)and triple-freeze (5-5-5-5-10-5 min) protocol for the normal livers of 9 Tibet pigs was performed under exposed operation.Temperature changes of cryoprobes and diameter changes of iceballs were measured during the ablation,and seven days later the pathological changes of cryozones were reviewed and the surface and depth cryolesions were measured.Results Compared with cryoablation with two freeze-thaw cycles,there was a greater iceball diameter for cryoablation by three freeze-thaw cycles.Also,seven days after cryosurgery,there were similar surface and deep cryolesions in dual-and triple-freeze protocols.Pathologically,the triple freezing protocol was associated with a longer zone of complete necrosis.Conclusions With the same freezing time (20 min),the triple-freeze protocol may become a more powerful liver-ablation method in cryosurgical application.

Objective To compare the transparency efficiency of six different optical clearing method on the rat brain tissues. Methods Brain tissue blocks of 14 SD rats were processed with iDISCO, SeeDB, CUBIC, SCALEVIEW-A2,CLARITY-CUBIC, Passive-CLARITY clearing method, respectively. Results The gray value of PBS group was 13.031 ± 0.586,that of iDISCO,SeeDB,CUBIC,SCALEVIEW-A2,CLARITY-CUBIC,passive-CLARITY clearing were 6.447 ± 0.574,11.690 ± 0.909,2.318 ± 0.986,8.118 ± 1.026,8.591 ± 0.384,4.198 ± 0.182, respectively. Except the SeeDB group(P=0.185),the rest groups showed significant differences compared with the PBS group(P< 0.01), and there were significant differences between CUBIC and other groups(P < 0.01). After the clearing treatment, the changes of tissue area ratio in the iDISCO, SeeDB, CUBIC, SCALEVIEW-A2, CLARITY-CUBIC, Passive-CLARITY method were(-30.02 ± 2.39)%,(19.74 ± 4.09)%,(14.7 ± 3.92)%,(10.7 ± 5.55)%,(23.01 ± 4.19)%,(66.51 ± 5.68)%,respectively. Each group showed a significant difference compared with the groups iDISCO and the Passive-CLARITY,P< 0.01. Conclusions Except the SeeDB method,all the clearing methods can achieve a transparent effect, while CUBIC is better than the other groups applied for rat brain tissues. The tissue block volume is shrunken after iDISCO clearing,and expanded after Passive-CLARITY processing.

Objective:To analyze the changes in the retinal and choroidal microvascular structures in the macular region of patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), as well as the influencing factors of subretinal fluid (SRF) volume.Methods:A prospective selection of 37 patients with monocular acute CSC diagnosed by ophthalmology examination at the Xi ′an First Hospital from January to October 2023 was conducted. The affected eye group was Group A, and the contralateral eye was Group B. The right eye of 30 age and gender matched normal individuals during the same period was selected as the normal eye group (group C). The scanning frequency source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCTA) was used to scan the macular area of the tested eye within a range of 6 mm×6 mm. We analyzed and recorded the vascular density (VD), perfusion area (PA), retinal thickness (RT), choroidal thickness (CT), as well as choroidal vascular volume (CVV) and choroidal vascular index (CVI) of the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP) in the macular area of 0-1 mm, 0-3 mm, and 0-6 mm using our own software. At the same time, we recorded the volume of SRF in the affected eye group. We compared the changes in VD, PA, RT, CT, CVV, and CVI among three groups. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between SRF volume and microvascular structural parameters.Results:(1) There was no statistically significant difference in VD and PA of SCP between the affected eye group and the contralateral eye group within the range of 0-6 mm in the macular area (all P>0.05); The VD and PA of SCP in the affected eye group and the contralateral eye group were lower than those in the normal eye group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); The VD and PA of DCP in the affected eye group were lower than those in the contralateral eye group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Within the range of 0-3 mm in the macular area, the VD and PA of DCP in the affected eye group and the contralateral eye group were lower than those in the normal eye group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The RT of the affected eye group was higher than that of the contralateral eye group, and the RT of the contralateral eye group was higher than that of the normal eye group, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). (2) Within the range of 0-6 mm in the macular area, the CT of the affected eye group was higher than that of the contralateral eye group, and the CT of the contralateral eye group was higher than that of the normal eye group, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the CVV and CVI of the choroidal vessels between the affected eye group and the contralateral eye group (all P>0.05); The CVV and CVI of the choroidal vessels in the affected eye group and the contralateral eye group were higher than those in the normal eye group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (3) The volume of SRF is negatively correlated with the VD of DCP within the range of 0-3 mm in the macular area ( P<0.05), and positively correlated with CT within the range of 0-6 mm ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Acute CSC is a binocular choroidal disease, and choroidal thickening is mainly due to the thickening of the large and medium vascular layers; Acute CSC can cause a decrease in superficial and deep retinal blood flow density in the macular region; The volume of SRF is negatively correlated with the VD of DCP and positively correlated with CT.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP).Methods:In this descriptive case series study, we retrospective analyzed the records of PMP patients treated with CRS and HIPEC between January 2013 and June 2023 at Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Aged 18 to 75 years and nonpregnant women. (2) Histologically confirmed diagnosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei. (3) Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS)>70. (4) The functions of major organs such as the heart, liver, lungs, and kidneys can tolerate major surgery for long periods of time. (5) No evidence of extra-abdominal metastasis. Patients with extensive intra-abdominal adhesions or severe infectious diseases were excluded. The main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and postoperative major complications. The postoperative major complications were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0). We used the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) score to quantitatively assess the peritoneal metastases and the completeness of cytoreduction (CCR) score at the end of surgery (CCR-0 and CCR-1 considered to be complete CRS).Results:A total of the 186 PMP patients with a median age of 56 (interquartile range extremes (IQRE), 48-64) years were included, 65 (34.9%) males and 121 (65.1%) females. The median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) score was 28 (20-34). Appendiceal origin accounted for 91.4%. Histological types were low grade in 99 patients (53.2%), high grade in 57 patients (30.6%), and 55 patients (29.6%) received complete cytoreduction (CCR-0/1). The median operative duration was 300 (211-430) minutes for all patients. Treatment-related 30-day mortality was 2.7%; 90-day mortality 4.3%; reoperation 1.6%; and severe morbidity 43.0%. Within the entire series, anemia(27.4%), electrolyte disturbance(11.6%), and hypoalbuminemia(7.5%) were the most frequent major complications (grade 3-4). The incidences of gastrointestinal anastomotic leakage, abdominal bleeding, and abdominal infection were 2.2%, 2.2%, and 4.3%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 38.1 (95%CI:31.2-45.1) months, the 5-year OS was 50.3% (95%CI: 40.7%-59.9%) with a median survival time of 66.1 (95%CI: 43.1-89.1) months. The survival analysis showed that patients with pathological low grade, low PCI, and low CCR score had better survival with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Further stratified into complete and incomplete CRS subgroups, the 5-year OS of the CCR-0 and CCR-1 subgroups was 88.9% (95%CI: 68.3%-100.0%) and 77.6% (95%CI: 62.7%-92.5%), respectively; and 42.0% (95%CI: 29.5%-54.5%) in the CCR-2/3 subgroup. Conclusions:CRS and HIPEC may result in a long-term survival benefit for PMP patients with acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality. This strategy, when complete CRS is possible, could significantly prolong survival for strictly selected patients at experienced centers.