Anti-tyrosinase assay guided isolation of marine-derived fungus Botrytis sp.led to separation of three ?-pyrone compounds.The structures of these compounds were elucidated by various physicochemical analytical methods.The bioactivities of these ?-pyrone derivatives were evaluated in terms of anti-tyrosinase activity.By correlating the bioactivities of these compounds with their structures,it concluded that the ?-pyrone with pentyl group gives highest anti-tyrosinase activity.

Objective To study the success rate of ventilator weaning in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients influenced by bobbed endotracheal intubation. Methods One hundred and sixteen AECOPD patients who were given invasive mechanical ventilation and reached the standards of off-ventilator were divided into control group (general endotracheal intubation group) and experiment group bobbed (tracheal intubation) by random digits table method with 58 cases each. The respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), rapid and shallow breathing index (RSBI), oxygenation index (OI), pulse blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), tidal volume and success rate of ventilator weaning were compared. Both groups were implemented of extubation if they reached the standards of the extubation time by observing their ability in spontaneous breathing test (SBT). Results The RR, HR and RSBI before extubation in experiment group were significantly lower than those in control group:(19.7 ± 2.3) times/min vs. (23.5 ± 2.3) times/min, (91.2 ± 6.3) times/min vs. (93.4 ± 8.1) times/min and 80.2 ± 6.7 vs. 90.5 ± 9.6, P<0.05, and the OI, SpO2, tidal volume and success rate of ventilator weaning were significantly higher than those in control group: (269 ± 9) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (245 ± 16) mmHg, 0.929 ± 0.014 vs. 0.870 ± 0.037, (6.1 ± 1.2) ml/kg vs. (5.1 ± 0.8) ml/kg and 91.38%(53/58) vs. 77.59%(45/58), P<0.05. Conclusions The bobbed endotracheal intubations can improve the success rate of ventilator weaning in patients with AECOPD.

Objective To evaluate the application effect of supervision system of hospital-university collaboration on class teaching of nursing undergraduates,so as to provide reference to promote the link-up between nursing theory and clinical practices.Methods The supervision group of hospital-university collaboration were formed by selecting 30 excellent clinical instructors from university-affiliated hospitals and 12 nursing teachers,they listened to the teachers in classes randomly and recorded,simultaneously filled in rating forms about the class with students.Supervision meetings were held and targeted strategies were put down regularly,their effects were evaluated through interview and investigation methods.Results Professional teachers accepted their suggestions and took some actions to make a change.The results of rating forms showed that the quality of classroom teaching were improved gradually.Conclusions The supervision system of hospital-university collaboration can enhance the sense of responsibility of teaching,contribute to the integration between the hospital and university.It should be continued as a long-run system.

Objective To investigate the effects of Astragalus Polysaccharide (for intravenous injection) in stimulating the secretion of hematopoietic growth factors from activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Methods Human PBMC were isolated from concentrated leukocytes and were cultured with Astragalus Polysaccharide. Hematopoietic growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Astragalus Polysaccharide stimulated G-CSF and GM-CSF formation in a dose-dependent and a dose-effect and time-dependent manner. Conclusion Astragalus Polysaccharide can stimulate the secretion of hematopoietic growth factors from activated human PBMC, indicating its clinical application for leukocytopoiesis.

Objective To explore the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of intrabepatic biliary cystadenocarcinoma (IBC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 17 patients with pathologically confirmed IBC, treated between January 2002 and September 2007. Results Of the 17 patients, 4 were men and 13 were women, with a mean age of 49.3 years (range 45 -68). Serum level of AFP was normal in all patients. CA19-9 was abnormally elevated in only two patients and the other two had abnormal serum level of CEA. Seven cases underwent radical resection, 7 underwent complete tumor resection combined with removal of tumor thrombi in the bile duct, 3 received palliative surgery. On histopathological examination, 10 were biliary cystadenocarcinoma,2 were biliary cystadenoma with partial eanceration,2 were papillary cystadenocarcinoma,2 were mutinous papillary cystadenocarcinoma and 1 was of mixed cystadenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. According to tumor differentiation, the number of well, moderate and poor-differentiated group was 7, 3 and 7 cases respectively. The medality of surgery (β= - 0.692, P = 0.01) and tumor differentiation (β = - 2.041, P = 0.007) effected the prognosis significantly. Conclusions IBC occurs mainly in elderly women. CA19-9 examination does not help in the establishment of diagnosis of IBC. The occurrence of tumor thrombosis in common bile duct doesn't necessarily indicate poor prognosis, hence a IBC patient will still have a satisfactory prognosis should the primary tumor be completely resected and tumor thrombi removed.

Objective To analyze regional left ventricular systolic function before and after percutaneous translumial coronary angioplasty(PTCA),quantitative tissue velocity imaging(QTVI)was used tO detect wall motion of left ventricule.Methods 20 patients with isolated left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD)stenosis(≥70%)and 16 normal control subjects were included in this study.QTVI was performed one day before PTCA+stent,a week and a month after successful PTCA+stent.Peak systolic myocardial velocity(Vs)were measured with QTVI at different wall segments(basal and medial segments).Results Before PTCA+stent,Vs of all segments assigned by LAD were significantly lower than those of corresponding segments in normal subjects(P＜0.01).After PTCA+stent,the above segments showed a significant improvement of Vs in a week and a month(P＜0.01).Conclusion QTVI can quantitively detect changes of myocardiac motion and real-time quantify regional left ventricular systolic function before and after PTCA.

Objective To evaluate dendritic cell vaccine immunotherapy in postoperative colorectal cancer patients. Methods 40 colorectal cancer patients were divided into two groups. Group A was not treated with the dendritic cell vaccine after chemotherapy, Group B was treated with four courses of autologous dendritic cell vaccine. The level of cytokines was tested before and after the therapy in both groups. DTH were tested after the last course of treatment. Results The levels of cytokines significantly increased in group B after vaccination compared with that in group B before vaccination and that in group A.8 patients were DTH positive in 15 patients that were tested after the vaccination. The PTS (progression-free survival) was 22 months in group B compared with 17 months in group A. The recurrence of the disease was not observed in patients with DTH positive. Conclusion DC vaccine in postoperative colorectal cancer patients improves the immune status and elicits tumor-specific response.

Objective To investigate the expression of CD40,CD40L and MMP9 in carotid atherosclerotic plaques and evaluate their roles in carotid atherosclerotic plaque stability.Methods Carotid atherosclerotic plaques were isolated in carotid eversion endarterectomy (GEE) in 37 patients with high-grade stenosis (>70%) including 20 stroke (A group) and 17 non-stroke patients (B group).The control group included samples of normal carotid artery from 11 normal individuals,The RNA expression levels of CD40,CD40 L and MMP9 in all A,B and control groups were quantitatively detected by real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting analysis.The expression and distribution of CD40,CD40L and MMP9 in carotid atherosclerotic plaques were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.Then correlations between CD40-CD40L and MMP9 were statistically analyzed.Results The relative CD40 mRNA level in high-grade stenosis of A group,B group and normal control were 2.41±0.43,1.03±0.38 and 0.31±0.12,respectively,and MMP9 mRNA 6.88±1.57,1.90±0.44 and 0.39±0.12,respectively.The levels of CD40 and MMP9 mRNA in A group were significantly higher than those in B group (P=0.000),the levels of CD40 and MMP9 in B group were significantly higher than those in controls (P=0.000).There was a linear correlation between CD40 and MMP9 mRNA (r=0.929,P=0.000).However,there were no significantly difference in mRNA levels of CD40L between carotid atherosclerosis and controls.The protein expression levels of CD40,CD40L and MMP9 in A group were significantly higher than those in B group (FCD40=104.100,P=0.000;FCD40L=129.932,P=0.000;FMMP9=13.565,P=0.021) and B group higher than normal controls (FCD40=115.848,P = 0.000;FCD40L= 30.482,P=0.005;FMMP9=35.557,P=0.004).The areas of positive staining of CD40,CD40L and MMP9 in immunochemistry study in A group were significantly higher than those in B group and B group was significantly higher than controls.There were linear correlations between positive staining areas Of CD40 and CD40L,CD40 and MMP9,CD40L and MMP9 (r=0.963,0.959,0.929,P=0.000).Expressions of CD40,CD40L and MMP9 were significantly higher in the shoulder areas of the atherosclerotic plaques than in other areas.Conclusions The CD40-CD40L has an important role in the formation of carotid atherosclerosis and plaque instability,probably by up-regulating MMP9.The expression of CD40L may be regulated by post-transcriptional modification to exert biological effects.

Objective To observe the morphological changes of rats' pancreas and nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin(ET) in the blood serum in rats after exposure to different pulses of high power pulse microwave (HPPMW).Methods SD-rats were irradiated with 104,105 and 4 × 105 pulses of HPPMW,respectively.After gloss observation,the histopathological changes of pancreas were observed through biological microscope and electroscope.The changes of amylase,nitric oxide and endothelin in blood serum were detected by biochemical and radio-immunological methods. Results Compared with the blank control,no apparent abnormality could be observed in the pancreas of all groups.The dilatation of capillary could be observed in each experimental group by microscope.The ultrastructure changes of pancreas were most serious in 4 × 105 pulse group,especially at 24 and 48 h after irradiation.Compared with the control group,the levels of serum amylase were decreased (F =12.58,11.73,P ＜ 0.05),while ET were increased (F =4.50,4.49,P ＜0.05) at 24 and 48 h after irradiation.The levels of NO in serum were increased ( F =17.51,41.72,19.98,32.64,P ＜ 0.05 ) at each time-point.The level of NO went up with the increase of pulses.Conclusions HPPMW has damage effects on the pancreas in rats.The pulses with the pancreas can lead to severity of the damage. The mechanism of HPPMW may be involved in the enhancement of ET and NO in serum.